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Over the last century, the industrialization of agriculture and
processing technologies have made food abundant and relatively
inexpensive for much of the world's population. Simultaneously,
pesticides, nitrates, and other technological innovations intended
to improve the food supply's productivity and safety have generated
new, often poorly understood risks for consumers and the
environment. From the proliferation of synthetic additives to the
threat posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the chapters in Risk
on the Table zero in on key historical cases in North America and
Europe that illuminate the history of food safety, highlighting the
powerful tensions that exists among scientific understandings of
risk, policymakers' decisions, and cultural notions of "pure" food.
This collection takes the perspective that the historiography of
science, technology, and medicine needs a broader approach toward
regulation. The authors explore the distinct social worlds involved
in regulation, the forms of evidence and expertise mobilised, and
means of intervention chosen to tame drugs in factories, consulting
rooms and courts.
With the rise of genomics, the life sciences have entered a new
era. Maps of genomes have become the icons for a comprehensive
knowledge of the organism on a previously unattained level of
complexity, and the organisation of genetic knowledge in maps has
been a major driving force in the establishment of the discipline.
This book provides a comprehensive history of molecular genetics
and genomics. The first section of the book shows how the genetic
cartography of classical genetics was linked to the molecular
analysis of gene structure through the introduction of new model
organisms such as bacteria and through the invention of new
experimental tools such as gene transfer. The second section
addresses the moral and political economy of human genome
sequencing in all its technical, epistemic, social and economic
complexity. With detailed analyses of the scientific practices of
mapping and its illustration of the diversity of mapping practices
this book is a significant contribution to the history of genetics.
A companion volume from the same editors - Classical Genetic
Research and Its Legacy: The Mapping Cultures of Twentieth Century
Genetics - covers the history of mapping procedures as they were
developed in classical genetics.
The phrase 'global health' appears ubiquitously in contemporary
medical spheres, from academic research programs to websites of
pharmaceutical companies. In its most visible manifestation, global
health refers to strategies addressing major epidemics and endemic
conditions through philanthropy, and multilateral, private-public
partnerships. This book explores the origins of global health, a
new regime of health intervention in countries of the global South
born around 1990, examining its assemblages of knowledge, practices
and policies. The volume proposes an encompassing view of the
transition from international public health to global health,
bringing together historians and anthropologists to analyse why new
modes of "interventions on the life of others" recently appeared
and how they blur the classical divides between North and South.
The contributors argue that not only does the global health
enterprise signal a significant departure from the postwar targets
and modes of operations typical of international public health, but
that new configurations of action have moved global health beyond
concerns with infectious diseases and state-based programs. The
book will appeal to academics, students and health professionals
interested in new discussions about the transnational circulation
of drugs, bugs, therapies, biomedical technologies and people in
the context of the "neo-liberal turn" in development practices.
This book is relevant to United Nations Sustainable Development
Goal 3, Good health and well-being. -- .
Ideas about the transmission of disease have long formed the core of modern biology and medicine. Heredity and Infection examines their development over the last century. Two scientific revolutions - the bacteriological revolution of the 1890s and the genetic revolution at the start of the twentieth century - acted as the catalysts of major change in our understanding of the causes of illness. As well as being great scientific achievements, these were social and political watersheds that reconfigured the medical and administrative means of intervention. By establishing a clear distinction between transmission by infection and genetic transmission, this shift was instrumental in separating hygiene from eugenism. The authors argue that the popular perception of such a sharp divide stabilized only after 1945 when the use of antibiotics to end epidemics became commonplace. For health professionals the separation has never become an absolute one, and the book examines the various blends of heredity and infection that have preoccupied biology, medicine and the social sciences. Heredity and Infection recontructs the changing epidemiology of such historically important pathologies as tuberculosis , cancer and AIDS. In doing so, it demonstrates the role of experimental models, medical practices and cultural images in the making of contemporary biochemical knowledge.
The global pharmaceutical industry is currently estimated to be
worth $1 trillion. Contributors chart the rise of scientific
marketing within the industry from 1920-1980. This is the first
comprehensive study into pharmaceutical marketing, demonstrating
that many new techniques were actually developed in Europe before
being exported to America.
The global pharmaceutical industry is currently estimated to be
worth $1 trillion. Contributors chart the rise of scientific
marketing within the industry from 1920-1980. This is the first
comprehensive study into pharmaceutical marketing, demonstrating
that many new techniques were actually developed in Europe before
being exported to America.
In the context of a growing criticism on the influence of the
pharmaceutical industry on physicians, scientists, or politicians,
Conflict of Interest and Medicine offers a comprehensive analysis
of the conflict of interest in medicine anchored in the social
sciences, with perspectives from sociology, history, political
science, and law. Based on in-depth empirical investigations
conducted within different territories (France, the European Union,
and the United States) the contributions analyze the development of
conflict of interest as a social issue and how it impacts the
production of medical knowledge and expertise, physicians' work and
their prescriptions, and also the framing of health crises and
controversies. In doing so, they bring a new understanding of the
transformations in the political economy of pharmaceutical
knowledge, the politicization of public health risks, and the
promotion of transparency in science and public life. Complementing
the more normative and quantitative understandings of conflict of
interest issues that dominate today, this book will be of interest
to researchers in a broad range of areas including social studies
of sciences and technology, sociology of health and illness, and
political sociology and ethics. It will be also a valuable resource
for health professionals, medical scientists, or regulators facing
the question of corporate influence.
With the rise of genomics, the life sciences have entered a new
era. Maps of genomes have become the icons for a comprehensive
knowledge of the organism on a previously unattained level of
complexity, and the organisation of genetic knowledge in maps has
been a major driving force in the establishment of the discipline.
This book provides a comprehensive history of molecular genetics
and genomics. The first section of the book shows how the genetic
cartography of classical genetics was linked to the molecular
analysis of gene structure through the introduction of new model
organisms such as bacteria and through the invention of new
experimental tools such as gene transfer. The second section
addresses the moral and political economy of human genome
sequencing in all its technical, epistemic, social and economic
complexity. With detailed analyses of the scientific practices of
mapping and its illustration of the diversity of mapping practices
this book is a significant contribution to the history of genetics.
A companion volume from the same editors - Classical Genetic
Research and Its Legacy: The Mapping Cultures of Twentieth Century
Genetics - covers the history of mapping procedures as they were
developed in classical genetics.
With the rise of genomics, the life sciences have entered a new
era. Maps of genomes have become the icons for a comprehensive
knowledge of the organism on a previously unattained level of
complexity. This book provides an in-depth history of mapping
procedures as they were developed in classical genetics.
The book shows that the technology of genetic mapping is by no
means a recent acquisition of molecular genetics or even genetic
engineering. It demonstrates that the development of mapping
technologies has accompanied the rise of modern genetics from its
very beginnings. In the first section, Mendelian genetics is set in
perspective from the viewpoint of the detection and description of
linkage phenomena. The second section addresses the role of mapping
for the experimental working practice of classical geneticists,
their social interactions, and for their laboratory "life worlds."
With its detailed analyses of the scientific practices and its
illustration of the diversity of mapping, this book is a
significant contribution to the history of genetics.
A companion volume from the same editors - From Molecular Genetics
to Genomics: The mapping cultures of twentieth-century genetics -
covers the history of molecular genetics and genomics.
Ideas about the transmission of disease have long formed the core
of modern biology and medicine. Heredity and Infection examines
their development over the last century. Two scientific revolutions
- the bacteriological revolution of the 1890s and the genetic
revolution at the start of the twentieth century - acted as the
catalysts of major change in our understanding of the causes of
illness. As well as being great scientific achievements, these were
social and political watersheds that reconfigured the medical and
administrative means of intervention. By establishing a clear
distinction between transmission by infection and genetic
transmission, this shift was instrumental in separating hygiene
from eugenism. The authors argue that the popular perception of
such a sharp divide stabilized only after 1945 when the use of
antibiotics to end epidemics became commonplace. For health
professionals the separation has never become an absolute one, and
the book examines the various blends of heredity and infection that
have preoccupied biology, medicine and the social sciences.
Heredity and Infection recontructs the changing epidemiology of
such historically important pathologies as tuberculosis , cancer
and AIDS. In doing so, it demonstrates the role of experimental
models, medical practices and cultural images in the making of
contemporary biochemical knowledge.
This collection takes the perspective that the historiography of
science, technology, and medicine needs a broader approach toward
regulation. The authors explore the distinct social worlds involved
in regulation, the forms of evidence and expertise mobilized, and
means of intervention chosen to tame drugs in factories, consulting
rooms and courts.
With the rise of genomics, the life sciences have entered a new
era. This book provides a comprehensive history of mapping
procedures as they were developed in classical genetics. An
accompanying volume - From Molecular Genetics to Genomics - covers
the history of molecular genetics and genomics. The book shows that
the technology of genetic mapping is by no means a recent
acquisition of molecular genetics or even genetic engineering. It
demonstrates that the development of mapping technologies has
accompanied the rise of modern genetics from its very beginnings.
In Section One, Mendelian genetics is set in perspective from the
viewpoint of the detection and description of linkage phenomena.
Section Two addresses the role of mapping for the experimental
working practice of classical geneticists, their social
interactions and for the laboratory 'life worlds'. With detailed
analyses of the scientific practices of mapping and its
illustration of the diversity of mapping practices this book is a
significant contibution to the history of genetics. A companion
volume from the same editors - From Molecular Genetics to Genomics:
The Mapping Cultures of Twentieth Century Genetics - covers the
history of molecular genetics and genomics.
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