Based on extensive primary source analysis and in-depth interviews with key figures in the field of public debt administration and policy development, this volume presents a comprehensive history of the U.S. public debt from 1775--when the first debt was incurred to finance the Revolutionary War--to the present. The authors document how the public debt has accumulated and review the methods the government has employed to manage and administer it. They describe the impact of wars, depressions, and macroeconomic policy on the growth of the debt and detail how the handling of the debt was linked to the evolution of the banking system. Their goal throughout is to put the current debt situation into historical perspective, providing an objective evaluation of both the current levels of debt growth and the effectiveness of debt management policies and administration.

Following an introductory chapter, the study is arranged chronologically and begins with three chapters which describe the management of the public debt through 1900--a period during which the public debt was relatively small and its management simple. The debt was small, the authors show, because prevailing attitudes toward public finance fostered a fiscal system that relied on balanced budgets, except in wartime. The remaining chapters focus on twentieth century debt growth, administration, and management. A shift in policy away from balanced budgets and a public attitude of less concern about payment of the public debt have made federal budget deficits the norm, the authors demonstrate, and such running deficits require complex debt administration measures. The evolution of the system of debt management and administration that is coordinated by the Treasury Department, the Federal Reserve, and the Bureau of Public Debt is a major focus of these chapters. Challenging the views of many analysts and observers, the authors conclude that the recent growth of the public debt is no greater than that which has occurred in other periods, and that government policies of debt management and administration have been effective and timely and have made good use of modern technology. An important contribution to the literature of economic history, this book will also be of significant interest to scholars in economic policy, economic theory, and public policy.

This book is written to help parents of special needs children understand and navigate the educational system. The book describes the various ways parents can be involved in planning and delivering a special education program for their child. Communication between school, medical practitioner, and parents is the key ingredient to success in these endeavors. This is the central theme of the book. Topics covered include: proper diagnosis of the disability; confirmation of perceived problems; parental coping strategies; assessment; educational program identification; IEP program planning processes; interfacing with school system organizations; finding support groups and information; and due process.

As important as parental involvement in a child's education is for a healthy child, it is even more essential for the special needs child. The authors have found that the school system is not always a friendly organization when it comes to parental involvement. Yet a parent's involvement in diagnostic and placement procedures, and overseeing and measuring progress is a right. This book will guide parents in exercising these rights to total involvement in the process.

Illustrates how a changing U.S. economy demands a revival of employer-based workforce training and suggests a new model of apprenticeship founded on the best of practices past and present, overseas and at home. Registered apprenticeship provides opportunities to "learn and earn." Research data indicates that individuals who graduate with an apprenticeship certificate have higher starting salaries than those with only a two-year degree. This book examines the rebirth of an age-old concept in the 21st century-apprenticeship. Serving as a call to action with a positive message for parents, entrepreneurs, educators, legislators, and political leaders, the book analyzes the condition of the U.S. and world economies from an employment and occupational perspective and describes how apprenticeship training can significantly bolster the economic recovery. Author Jeffrey A. Cantor, PhD, explains how modern-day apprenticeships can serve business owners in developing workers, parents in guiding their children into productive careers and professions, community leaders in instituting workforce development policies that support both entrepreneurs and citizens, and college educators in working more effectively with business and industry within our communities. Readers will learn how apprenticeship can provide young people with invaluable opportunities to train for desirable, high-tech, and high-wage jobs, without their having to "give up" on a college education-it is possible to have both. Includes excerpts from interviews and observations from the author's travels through Europe, where apprenticeship has been revitalized with great success Discusses the current best practices and potential of community colleges collaborating with employers to facilitate apprenticeship training and college credit/courses Includes sidebars that document how local or regional collaboratives for registered apprenticeship at community colleges can have a tremendous economic development benefit Describes real-world employer experiences with apprenticeship, offering insightful commentary on what works and doesn't work from their diverse perspectives-including employers abroad

This book is a comprehensive guide to academic writing and publishing. It approaches the subject from a descriptive foundation for understanding academic tenure and promotion decisionmaking. The book then treats the considerations for selecting the avenues open to an academic for publishing: conference papers, grants, journals, scholarly books, texts, and popular or trade books. Each avenue is given a chapter-length discussion. Electronic media is also described in detail. Finally, Cantor offers a view of the marketing of a book product.

This book is a comprehensive guide to academic writing and publishing. It approaches the subject from a descriptive foundation for understanding academic tenure and promotion decisionmaking. The book then treats the considerations for selecting the avenues open to an academic for publishing: conference papers, grants, journals, scholarly books, texts, and popular or trade books. Each avenue is given a chapter-length discussion. Electronic media is also described in detail. Finally, Cantor offers a view of the marketing of a book product.