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The United Nations's groundbreaking Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which
went into effect in 2014, sets legally binding standards to
regulate global arms exports and reflects the growing concerns
toward the significant role that small and major conventional arms
play in perpetuating human rights violations, conflict, and
societal instability worldwide. Many countries that once staunchly
opposed shared export controls and their perceived threat to
political and economic autonomy are now beginning to embrace
numerous agreements, such as the ATT and the EU Code of Conduct.
Jennifer L. Erickson explores the reasons top arms-exporting
democracies have put aside past sovereignty, security, and economic
worries in favor of humanitarian arms transfer controls, and she
follows the early effects of this about-face on export practice.
She begins with a brief history of failed arms export control
initiatives and then tracks arms transfer trends over time.
Pinpointing the normative shifts in the 1990s that put humanitarian
arms control on the table, she reveals that these states committed
to these policies out of concern for their international
reputations. She also highlights how arms trade scandals threaten
domestic reputations and thus help improve compliance. Using
statistical data and interviews conducted in France, Germany,
Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Erickson
challenges existing IR theories of state behavior while providing
insight into the role of reputation as a social mechanism and the
importance of government transparency and accountability in
generating compliance with new norms and rules.
Tracing the history of refugee settlement in Fargo, North Dakota,
from the 1980s to the present day, Race-ing Fargo focuses on the
role that gender, religion, and sociality play in everyday
interactions between refugees from South Sudan and
Bosnia-Herzegovina and the dominant white Euro-American population
of the city. Jennifer Erickson outlines the ways in which refugees
have impacted this small city over the last thirty years, showing
how culture, political economy, and institutional transformations
collectively contribute to the racialization of white cities like
Fargo in ways that complicate their demographics. Race-ing Fargo
shows that race, religion, and decorum prove to be powerful forces
determining worthiness and belonging in the city and draws
attention to the different roles that state and private sectors
played in shaping ideas about race and citizenship on a local
level. Through the comparative study of white secular Muslim
Bosnians and Black Christian Southern Sudanese, Race-ing Fargo
demonstrates how cross-cultural and transnational understandings of
race, ethnicity, class, and religion shape daily citizenship
practices and belonging.
Tracing the history of refugee settlement in Fargo, North Dakota,
from the 1980s to the present day, Race-ing Fargo focuses on the
role that gender, religion, and sociality play in everyday
interactions between refugees from South Sudan and
Bosnia-Herzegovina and the dominant white Euro-American population
of the city. Jennifer Erickson outlines the ways in which refugees
have impacted this small city over the last thirty years, showing
how culture, political economy, and institutional transformations
collectively contribute to the racialization of white cities like
Fargo in ways that complicate their demographics. Race-ing Fargo
shows that race, religion, and decorum prove to be powerful forces
determining worthiness and belonging in the city and draws
attention to the different roles that state and private sectors
played in shaping ideas about race and citizenship on a local
level. Through the comparative study of white secular Muslim
Bosnians and Black Christian Southern Sudanese, Race-ing Fargo
demonstrates how cross-cultural and transnational understandings of
race, ethnicity, class, and religion shape daily citizenship
practices and belonging.
The United Nations's groundbreaking Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which
went into effect in 2014, sets legally binding standards to
regulate global arms exports and reflects the growing concerns
toward the significant role that small and major conventional arms
play in perpetuating human rights violations, conflict, and
societal instability worldwide. Many countries that once staunchly
opposed shared export controls and their perceived threat to
political and economic autonomy are now beginning to embrace
numerous agreements, such as the ATT and the EU Code of Conduct.
Jennifer L. Erickson explores the reasons top arms-exporting
democracies have put aside past sovereignty, security, and economic
worries in favor of humanitarian arms transfer controls, and she
follows the early effects of this about-face on export practice.
She begins with a brief history of failed arms export control
initiatives and then tracks arms transfer trends over time.
Pinpointing the normative shifts in the 1990s that put humanitarian
arms control on the table, she reveals that these states committed
to these policies out of concern for their international
reputations. She also highlights how arms trade scandals threaten
domestic reputations and thus help improve compliance. Using
statistical data and interviews conducted in France, Germany,
Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Erickson
challenges existing IR theories of state behavior while providing
insight into the role of reputation as a social mechanism and the
importance of government transparency and accountability in
generating compliance with new norms and rules.
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