This book describes the application of vision-sensing technologies in welding processes, one of the key technologies in intelligent welding manufacturing. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is one of the main welding techniques and has a wide range of applications in the manufacturing industry. As such, the book also explores the application of AI technologies, such as vision sensing and machine learning, in GTAW process sensing and feature extraction and monitoring, and presents the state-of-the-art in computer vision, image processing and machine learning to detect welding defects using non-destructive methods in order to improve welding productivity. Featuring the latest research from ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) using digital image correlation technology, this book will appeal to researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of advanced manufacturing.

Past, Present, and Future Industrial Biotechnology in China, by Zhenjiang Li, Xiaojun Ji, Suli Kan, Hongqun Qiao, Min Jiang, Dingqiang Lu, Jun Wang, He Huang, Honghua Jia, Pingkai Ouyuang, and Hanjie Ying.- Organic Chemicals from Bioprocesses in China, by Jin Huang, Lei Huang, Jianping Lin, Zhinan Xu, and Peilin Cen.- Biofuels in China, by Tianwei Tan, Jianliang Yu, Jike Lu, and Tao Zhang.- Bioreactors and Bioseparation, by Siliang Zhang, Xuejun Cao, Ju Chu, Jiangchao Qian, and Yingping Zhuang.- Environmental Biotechnology in China, by Shuang Jiang Liu , Lei Liu , Muhammad Tausif Chaudhry , Lei Wang , Ying Guang Chen , Qi Zhou , He Liu , and Jian Chen.- Traditional Chinese Biotechnology, by Yan Xu , Dong Wang , Wen Lai Fan , Xiao Qing Mu, and Jian Chen.- Modern Biotechnology in China, by Qing-Zhao Wang and Xue-Ming Zhao.

Metabolic engineering has been developed over the past 20 years to become an important tool for the rational engineering of industrial microorganisms. This book has a particular interest in the methods and applications of metabolic engineering to improve the production and yield of a variety of different metabolites. The overall goal is to achieve a better understanding of the metabolism in different microorganisms, and provide a rational basis to reprogram microorganisms for improved biochemical production.

This book mainly addresses the general equilibrium asset pricing method in two aspects: option pricing and variance risk premium. First, volatility smile and smirk is the famous puzzle in option pricing. Different from no arbitrage method, this book applies the general equilibrium approach in explaining the puzzle. In the presence of jump, investors impose more weights on the jump risk than the volatility risk, and as a result, investors require more jump risk premium which generates a pronounced volatility smirk. Second, based on the general equilibrium framework, this book proposes variance risk premium and empirically tests its predictive power for international stock market returns.

Biosensors for Single-Cell Analysis explores a wide range of biosensor technologies and their applications in single-cell characterization and analysis. Sections cover key biophysical and chemical single-cell properties that consider proteomic, metabolic, electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Each chapter features key definitions and case studies, providing detailed guidance for researchers who want to replicate covered solutions in their work. Tutorial sections, evaluations of the current state-of-the-field and future developments are also included. Microfluidic approaches to characterization, such as microfluidic impedance flow cytometry and microfluidic flow cytometry are considered alongside more conventional approaches, such as mass spectroscopy, fluorescent and mass flow cytometry. Additionally, key types of biosensors are covered, including atomic force microscopy, micropipette aspiration, optical tweezers, microfluidic hydrodynamic stretchers, microfluidic constriction channel and microfluidic optical stretchers.

This book systematically introduces the new technology used in the construction of underwater large slurry shields under complex conditions. The basic principles, scope of application, construction technology and technical points of the key technologies such as the origin and arrival of the shield, crossing the shallow soil in the middle of the river, crossing the guard, and changing the knife and opening the knife are clarified.

This book provides up-to-date developments in the stability analysis and (anti-)synchronization control area for complex-valued neural networks systems with time delay. It brings out the characteristic systematism in them and points out further insight to solve relevant problems. It presents a comprehensive, up-to-date, and detailed treatment of dynamical behaviors including stability analysis and (anti-)synchronization control. The materials included in the book are mainly based on the recent research work carried on by the authors in this domain. The book is a useful reference for all those from senior undergraduates, graduate students, to senior researchers interested in or working with control theory, applied mathematics, system analysis and integration, automation, nonlinear science, computer and other related fields, especially those relevant scientific and technical workers in the research of complex-valued neural network systems, dynamic systems, and intelligent control theory.

This book describes visual perception and control methods for robotic systems that need to interact with the environment. Multiple view geometry is utilized to extract low-dimensional geometric information from abundant and high-dimensional image information, making it convenient to develop general solutions for robot perception and control tasks. In this book, multiple view geometry is used for geometric modeling and scaled pose estimation. Then Lyapunov methods are applied to design stabilizing control laws in the presence of model uncertainties and multiple constraints.

Although one of the oldest microbial technologies used in food processing, solid-state fermentation (SSF) had, until recently, fallen out of favor. However, based on a series of established mathematical models, new design concepts for SSF bioreactors and process control strategies have been proposed, allowing SSF technology to reach new levels. Solid State Fermentation for Foods and Beverages covers these new technologies and their application to food and beverage production. The book systematically describes the production of solid-state fermented food and beverage in terms of the history and development of SSF technology and SSF foods, bio-reactor design, fermentation process, various substrate origins and sustainable development. It emphasizes Oriental traditional foods produced by SSF such as sufu, vinegar, soy sauce, Chinese distilled spirit, and rice wine. The authors address such engineering issues as mass and heat transfer and energy equation calculation of solid-state fermentation, dynamic modeling of solid-state fermentation, and process control of solid-state fermentation. Covering the latest developments and achievements in the field of SSF, the book provides a detailed introduction to various solid-state fermented foods and beverages, including product category, characteristics, functionalities, safety issues, and consumer perception. It explores real advantages of SSF processes and how their application at real scale for high quality production that is more and less costly.

The concept of 'harmonization' has become very popular in China, with the Chinese government increasingly applying the term 'harmonious society' to internal affairs and the term 'harmonious world' to international relationships. Harmonization as both an end and a means of China's development is deeply rooted in China's cultural tradition, which emphasizes moderation, balance and harmony between human beings and nature, between different social groups, and between the Chinese and other nationalities. This book examines the experience of enacting the concept of harmonization in China in recent years. It explores this in terms of developments within Chinese society, economic developments and changes in business practices, environmental challenges and coping strategies, and changing patterns of international relations. Throughout, it discusses the gaps between rhetoric and reality, policy and practice.

The concept of harmonisation has become very popular in China, with the Chinese government increasingly applying the term harmonious society to internal affairs and the term harmonious world to international relationships. Harmonisation as both an end and a means of China 's development is deeply rooted in China 's cultural tradition, which emphasises moderation, balance and harmony between human beings and nature, between different social groups, and between the Chinese and other nationalities. This book examines the experience of enacting the concept of harmonisation in China in recent years. It explores this in terms of developments within Chinese society, economic developments and changes in business practices, environmental challenges and coping strategies, and changing patterns of international relations. Throughout, it discusses the gaps between rhetoric and reality, policy and practice.

Presenting original work and new thinking on a wide range of important issues, the book explores the current state of globalization, competition and growth in China. China has produced an economic miracle since the late 1970s in its transition from a planned to a market economy. This remarkable economic performance was brought about by an open-door policy and gradual integration with the world economy, culminating in China's admission into the World Trade Organisation in 2001. Studies included in this book focus on issues such as foreign direct investment, international trade, reforms in the financial sector, the development of rural township and village enterprises, the investment strategies of multinational corporations, and economic growth.

This book proposes the tool change methods for the excessive tool wear in the construction rules of shield tunnel construction in China. From the perspective of shield tunneling, atmospheric pressure tool change, pressure opening and tool change, and other special techniques, the tool change technologies are proposed. It highlights a number of tool-changing techniques and research and development work, including pressure-changing tools, tool-changing tools in the tool-cylinder arm, and cutter-tooth cutter inter-change since the beginning of the construction of the Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel.

Based on extensive original economic analysis, Chen examines key questions relating to corporate governance in China, including the relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance, the determinants of capital structure, and the nature of contemporary governance structures. It concludes that corporate performance is positively related to ownership concentration, but negatively related to state ownership, and that contemporary corporate governance structures are heavily dependent on previous structures in the centrally-planned economy and on the path of transition to the market economy.

The nature of corporate governance is a key determinant of corporate performance, and thereby of a country's overall economic performance, and corporate governance is therefore particularly important for China as it reforms, and grows, its economy. This book, based on extensive original economic analysis, examines key questions relating to corporate governance in China, including the relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance, the determinants of capital structure, and the nature of contemporary governance structures. It concludes - interestingly and controversially - amongst other things that corporate performance is positively related to ownership concentration, but negatively related to state ownership, and that contemporary corporate governance structures are heavily dependent on previous structures in the centrally-planned economy and on the path of transition to the market economy.

This book describes the application of vision-sensing technologies in welding processes, one of the key technologies in intelligent welding manufacturing. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is one of the main welding techniques and has a wide range of applications in the manufacturing industry. As such, the book also explores the application of AI technologies, such as vision sensing and machine learning, in GTAW process sensing and feature extraction and monitoring, and presents the state-of-the-art in computer vision, image processing and machine learning to detect welding defects using non-destructive methods in order to improve welding productivity. Featuring the latest research from ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) using digital image correlation technology, this book will appeal to researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of advanced manufacturing.

Hardly more than a decade old, the twenty-first century has already been dubbed the Asian Century in recognition of China and India's increasing importance in world affairs. Yet discussions of Asia seem fixated on economic indicators-gross national product, per capita income, share of global trade. Makers of Modern Asia reorients our understanding of contemporary Asia by highlighting the political leaders, not billionaire businessmen, who helped launch the Asian Century. The nationalists who crafted modern Asia were as much thinkers as activists, men and women who theorized and organized anticolonial movements, strategized and directed military campaigns, and designed and implemented political systems. The eleven thinker-politicians whose portraits are presented here were a mix of communists, capitalists, liberals, authoritarians, and proto-theocrats-a group as diverse as the countries they represent. From China, the world's most populous country, come four: Mao Zedong, leader of the Communist Revolution; Zhou Enlai, his close confidant; Deng Xiaoping, purged by Mao but rehabilitated to play a critical role in Chinese politics in later years; and Chiang Kai-shek, whose Kuomintang party formed the basis of modern Taiwan. From India, the world's largest democracy, come three: Mohandas Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Indira Gandhi, all of whom played crucial roles in guiding India toward independence and prosperity. Other exemplary nationalists include Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh, Indonesia's Sukarno, Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew, and Pakistan's Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. With contributions from leading scholars, Makers of Modern Asia illuminates the intellectual and ideological foundations of Asia's spectacular rise to global prominence.

This book mainly addresses the general equilibrium asset pricing method in two aspects: option pricing and variance risk premium. First, volatility smile and smirk is the famous puzzle in option pricing. Different from no arbitrage method, this book applies the general equilibrium approach in explaining the puzzle. In the presence of jump, investors impose more weights on the jump risk than the volatility risk, and as a result, investors require more jump risk premium which generates a pronounced volatility smirk. Second, based on the general equilibrium framework, this book proposes variance risk premium and empirically tests its predictive power for international stock market returns.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Symposium, KSS 2019, held in Tokyo, Japan, in November 2018. The 20 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. This year KSS 2018 provides opportunities for presenting interesting new research results, facilitating interdisciplinary discussions, and leading to knowledge transfer under the theme of "Knowledge Acquisition from Structured and Unstructured Data for Effective Social Implementation".

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Symposium, KSS 2017, held in Bangkok, Thailand, in November 2017. The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. This year KSS 2017 provides opportunities for presenting interesting new research results, facilitating interdisciplinary discussions, and leading to knowledge transfer under the theme of "Artificial Intelligence and Information Systems for Knowledge, Technology and Service Management".

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Symposium, KSS 2016, held in Kobe, Japan, in November 2016. The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. The papers cover topics such as: Algorithms for Big Data; Big Data and education; Big Data and healthcare; Big Data and tourism; Big Data and social media oriented knowledge discovery and data mining, text mining, recommendation system, etc; Big Data, social media and societal management; creation of agent-based social systems sciences; collective intelligence; complex system modeling and complexity; decision analysis and decision support systems; internet+ and agriculture; internet+ and open innovation; knowledge creation, creativity support, awareness support, etc.; knowledge systems engineering and knowledge management; meta-synthesis and advanced modeling; opinion dynamics and opinion mining; OR on knowledge and systems sciences; problem structuring methods and system methodologies toward wicked problems; service systems science; smart city; social dynamic network modeling; Web intelligence.

Metabolic engineering has been developed over the past 20 years to become an important tool for the rational engineering of industrial microorganisms. This book has a particular interest in the methods and applications of metabolic engineering to improve the production and yield of a variety of different metabolites. The overall goal is to achieve a better understanding of the metabolism in different microorganisms, and provide a rational basis to reprogram microorganisms for improved biochemical production.

Although one of the oldest microbial technologies used in food processing, solid-state fermentation (SSF) had, until recently, fallen out of favor. However, based on a series of established mathematical models, new design concepts for SSF bioreactors and process control strategies have been proposed, allowing SSF technology to reach new levels. Solid State Fermentation for Foods and Beverages covers these new technologies and their application to food and beverage production.

The book systematically describes the production of solid-state fermented food and beverage in terms of the history and development of SSF technology and SSF foods, bio-reactor design, fermentation process, various substrate origins and sustainable development. It emphasizes Oriental traditional foods produced by SSF such as sufu, vinegar, soy sauce, Chinese distilled spirit, and rice wine. The authors address such engineering issues as mass and heat transfer and energy equation calculation of solid-state fermentation, dynamic modeling of solid-state fermentation, and process control of solid-state fermentation.

Covering the latest developments and achievements in the field of SSF, the book provides a detailed introduction to various solid-state fermented foods and beverages, including product category, characteristics, functionalities, safety issues, and consumer perception. It explores real advantages of SSF processes and how their application at real scale for high quality production that is more and less costly.

Past, Present, and Future Industrial Biotechnology in China, by Zhenjiang Li, Xiaojun Ji, Suli Kan, Hongqun Qiao, Min Jiang, Dingqiang Lu, Jun Wang, He Huang, Honghua Jia, Pingkai Ouyuang, and Hanjie Ying.- Organic Chemicals from Bioprocesses in China, by Jin Huang, Lei Huang, Jianping Lin, Zhinan Xu, and Peilin Cen.- Biofuels in China, by Tianwei Tan, Jianliang Yu, Jike Lu, and Tao Zhang.- Bioreactors and Bioseparation, by Siliang Zhang, Xuejun Cao, Ju Chu, Jiangchao Qian, and Yingping Zhuang.- Environmental Biotechnology in China, by Shuang Jiang Liu , Lei Liu , Muhammad Tausif Chaudhry , Lei Wang , Ying Guang Chen , Qi Zhou , He Liu , and Jian Chen.- Traditional Chinese Biotechnology, by Yan Xu , Dong Wang , Wen Lai Fan , Xiao Qing Mu, and Jian Chen.- Modern Biotechnology in China, by Qing-Zhao Wang and Xue-Ming Zhao.