Bonds closely examines the process of bipartisanship in the creation and passage of the Marshall Plan in 1947-48, as the Truman administration confronted the first Republican Congress since 1929. The significant effect of process on policy and the evolving Cold War is illustrated, offering new insights into that confrontation.

Employing extensive archival research, Bonds examines the reciprocal relationship of effect between domestic and international politics, which cannot be understood adequately without examining the process of making policy. As Bonds demonstrates, this is a messy contest requiring that policy be adapted or compromised to fit the existing political alignment. It is illustrated most clearly in a situation of differentiated control of the White House and Congress, when a bipartisan consensus must be developed, as in 1947-48.

Bonds also examines the development of the Cold War, and the process of passing the Marshall Plan is shown to have been a significant factor in the recognition of confrontation on both sides. The notion that the Marshall Plan was a plan to achieve world economic dominion, or to find a market for surplus U.S. goods is debunked, and Bonds disputes the charge that Truman and Marshall deliberately produced a war scare to increase defense budgets. He also contests the argument that the United States depended on the atomic bomb to deter the Soviets in the early Cold War period and demonstrates that Truman and Marshall had no concept at all of a National Security State in 1947 and early 1948. Instead, they sought a national militia system and firmly suppressed military appropriations in favor of a balanced budget. This is a provocative work for scholars and students of American politics, international relations, and diplomatic history.

For more than twenty years, Research on Educational Innovations has helped readers draw distinctions between truly innovative educational programs backed by sound empirical research and faddish policy trends of the day. Using a variety of current and emerging topics as practical case studies, this book offers a clear theoretical framework for program evaluation and for ways to delve into the research base behind any educational innovation. From examining the theoretical basis of a proposed program to understanding the nature of the research done to document the validity of the proposed program, it highlights the importance of differentiating opinions from results before implementing educational policies of any size or scope. Features and Updates to the New Edition include: *Framework provides clarity to the research process, helping both experts and novices in the field make reasonable assessments as consumers *A fully revised and updated chapter on brain research provides an overview of the unfolding research applications of neuroscience to education. *Snapshots features offer brief summaries of highly current topics such as problem-based learning, flipped classrooms, reflective assessment, and curriculum integration.

For more than twenty years, Research on Educational Innovations has helped readers draw distinctions between truly innovative educational programs backed by sound empirical research and faddish policy trends of the day. Using a variety of current and emerging topics as practical case studies, this book offers a clear theoretical framework for program evaluation and for ways to delve into the research base behind any educational innovation. From examining the theoretical basis of a proposed program to understanding the nature of the research done to document the validity of the proposed program, it highlights the importance of differentiating opinions from results before implementing educational policies of any size or scope. Features and Updates to the New Edition include: *Framework provides clarity to the research process, helping both experts and novices in the field make reasonable assessments as consumers *A fully revised and updated chapter on brain research provides an overview of the unfolding research applications of neuroscience to education. *Snapshots features offer brief summaries of highly current topics such as problem-based learning, flipped classrooms, reflective assessment, and curriculum integration.