Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

"The book will form a solid foundation to support the transition of students into the world of work or further research." Professor Jane M Binner, Chair of Finance, Department of Finance, University of Birmingham, UK "In over 20 years of teaching quantitative methods, I have rarely come across a book such as this which meets/exceeds all the expectations of its intended audience so well" Tuan Yu, Lecturer, Kent Business School, Canterbury, UK "This is a fantastic book for anyone wanting to understand, learn and apply quantitative methods in finance using R" Professor Raphael Markellos, Professor of Finance, Norwich Business School, UK Quantitative Methods in Finance Using R draws on the extensive teaching and research expertise of John Fry and Matt Burke, covering a wide range of quantitative methods in Finance that utilise the freely downloadable R software. With software playing an increasingly important role in finance, this book is a must-have introduction for finance students who want to explore how they can undertake their own quantitative analyses in dissertation and project work. Assuming no prior knowledge, and taking a holistic approach, this brand new title guides you from first principles and help to build your confidence in tackling large data sets in R. Complete with examples and exercises with worked solutions, Fry and Burke demonstrate how to use the R freeware for regression and linear modelling, with attention given to presentation and the importance of good writing and presentation skills in project work and data analysis more generally. Through this book, you will develop your understanding of: *Descriptive statistics *Inferential statistics *Regression *Analysis of variance *Probability regression models *Mixed models *Financial and non-financial time series John Fry is a senior lecturer in Applied Mathematics at the University of Hull. Fry has a PhD in Mathematical Finance from the University of Sheffield. His main research interests span mathematical finance, econophysics, statistics and operations research. Matt Burke is a senior lecturer in Finance at Sheffield Hallam University. He holds a PhD in Finance from the University of East Anglia. Burke's main research interests lie in asset pricing and climate finance.

Originally laid down as one of six giant battle cruisers, the Saratoga survived the 1922 Washington Disarmament Treaty's cutting torch through her conversion to a new and seemingly benign type of vessel-the aircraft carrier. She reported for fduty off Long Beach, CA in 1927 and for the next twelve years trained the men who would eventually fight World War II. One of only three carriers on duty at the outset of World War II, Saratoga, at one point, was the sole American carrier available to Naval Aviation. She suffered two torpedo attacks and a horrifying kamikaze attack, and was reported sunk many times by the Japanese. Refitted as a night-attack carrier, then relegated to the role of training carrier, Saratoga survived the war only to be sacrificed in the atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll in 1946. No carrier, or ship, played a greater role in developing the men and tactics that became the massive force that United States Naval Aviation.

In the fall of 1913, Laura and Earle Smith, a young Iowa couple, made the gutsy--some might say foolhardy--decision to homestead in Wyoming. There, they built their first house, a claim shanty half dug out of the ground, hauled every drop of their water from a spring over a half-mile away, and fought off rattlesnakes and boredom on a daily basis. Soon, other families moved to nearby homesteads, and the Smiths built a house closer to those neighbors. The growing community built its first public schoolhouse and celebrated the Fourth of July together--although the festivities were cut short because of snow.By 1917, however, the Smiths had moved back to Iowa, leasing their land to a local rancher and using the proceeds to fund Earle's study of law. The Smiths lived in Iowa for most of the rest of their lives, and sometime after the mid-1930s, Laura wrote this clear, vivid, witty, and self-deprecating memoir of their time in Wyoming, a book that captures the pioneer spirit of the era and of the building of community against daunting odds.

This book investigates the operation of two linguistic mechanisms, ellipsis and wa-marking, in a corpus of colloquial Japanese speech. Its data set is the CallHome Japanese (CHJ) corpus, a collection of transcripts and digitized speech data for 120 telephone conversations between native speakers of Japanese. To make the CHJ data useful for linguistic research, John Fry annotates the original transcripts with a comprehensive set of acoustic, phonetic, syntactic and semantic tags.
John Fry demonstrates that Japanese conversation obeys certain principles of argument ellipsis that appear to be language universal: namely, the tendency to omit transitive and human subjects and the tendency to express no more than one argument per clause. Analyzing the CHJ data further, Fry investigates the use and function of the topic-marking particle wa.

The quality of health care in the US depends on the patient's ability to pay and his or her insurance cover, at an annual cost of $3600 per head of population. In the UK, the quality of care costs less at an annual cost of $1000 per head of population, although care is sometimes delayed through a lack of resources. This book compares the two systems from the viewpoint of primary care, identifying some models of excellence from which both can benefit. It draws on the experience of the NHS reforms in the UK and the political imperative to control costs and improve the service in the US.

Guidelines are powerful instruments of assistance to clinicians, capable of extending the clinical roles of nurses and pharmacists. Purchasers and managers perceive them as technological tools guaranteeing treatment quality. Guidelines also offer mechanisms by which doctors and other health care professionals can be made more accountable to their patients. But how can clinicians tell whether a guideline has authority, and whether or not it should be followed? Does the law protect doctors who comply with guidelines? Are guideline developers liable for faulty advice? This timely book provides a comprehensive and accessible analysis of the many medical and legal issues arising from the current explosion of clinical guidelines. Featuring clear summaries of relevant UK, US and Commonwealth case law, it is vital reading for all doctors, health care workers, managers, purchasers, patients, and lawyers.

This series is intended particularly for young doctors working in hospitals and in primary care and for those involved in training them. The series has been designed to cover growing points in medicine and the authors have been chosen, not just because of their expertise, but also because they are working both in hospitals and the community and are thus sensitive to the problems and needs of doctors in both areas.

The New Contract which came into force on April 1st 1990 includes proposals for the provision of minor surgery services by the General Practitioner. The aim of this book is to assist those doctors undertaking minor surgery in their Practices. It is intended to present a practical, clear and concise text. This is accompanied by easy to follow illustrations. The contents of the book are governed by two considerations. Firstly, it covers only those procedures which are safe for the patient. Secondly, it only includes minor surgery which it is possible for the ordinary General Practitioner in a busy practice to undertake. Vll Chapter One The Advantages of Minor Surgery in General Practice Minor Surgery:- Despite this descriptive term, no surgery can be considered "minor" no matter where it is carried out! It requires a knowledge of anatomy and basic surgical principles. There must be an understanding of the procedures and technical skills required. Careful planning is needed at all stages. Arrangements must also be made to deal with any complications and disasters which may occur. Having stated these provisos, however, surgical procedures can and should be an important part of general practice within the British National Health Service (NHS). There are many advantages to be gained, both for patient and doctor, when minor surgery is undertaken by the general practitioner.

As 'seasoned campaigners' we offer our readers more than 60 joint practice years of commonsense experience on children and their prob lems. Child care is a large and fascinating part of general family practice. More than any other discipline it is a mix of understanding the wide range of normal and abnormal development, of skilful diagnosis and treatment of treatable conditions, of long-term care for handicapped children, and of organizing and carrying out prevention. F or all this and more the physician has to rely on sound knowledge and understanding of the child, parents, family, social and community conditions, available services and the likely natural history of the condition - and to dispense all this with humanity, sense and sensi bility. We have divided the book logically into 6 sections: (I) Factual background. (2) Universal problems of behaviour and development. (3) Common clinical disorders, so frequent and yet often so dif ficult to manage. (4) Social, family and community factors that create and influ ence many problems of childhood. (5) How to use available services and resources with discrimina tion and sensitivity. (6) The importance of understanding and managing the whole child. We have no single group of readers in mind. We hope that our views will be appreciated, for example, by parents, nurses, health visitors, general practitioners, community physicians and paedia tricians - in fact all who care for children."

This fourth edition of Common Diseases comes just over 10 years after the first. There has been change and counterchange in the primary health care (PHC) field. One change has been the tendency to replace 'general practice' by 'PHC'. Vocational training has become compulsory. With larger group practices have come formalized teams and teamwork, increasing con cern with the business side of general practice and attempts to achieve best values for money and maximal profits. On the clinical side there have been enthusiasms for prevention, early diagnosis, anticipatory care, screening and quality initiatives. As a counterchange it is necessary to remind ourselves that the real essence of general practice, PHC, or whatever title we give it, is 'personal doctoring' of people as individuals in family units. All the changes mentioned will achieve less than expected without good continuing doctor/ patient personal care. But even this is not enough. Good general practice demands a sound knowledge of the nature of disease in the community. Not only are traditional diagnostic and therapeutic skills necessary, but also application of an understanding of the frequency and distribution of the diseases and an awareness of their likely natural history - their course and outcome."

The original Beecham Manual for General Practice was produced by Dr Selwyn Carson, of Christchurch, New Zealand, whose objective was a set of instructions for patient care for his practice team. Beecham Research Laboratories published and distributed it. Dr Ed Gawthorn of Melbourne, Australia, edited an Australian version again published and distributed by Beecham Research Laboratories. We were invited to adapt the New Zealand and Australian editions for British readers -but we decided that we should produce an entirely new Manual. This was done and it was published and distributed to general practitioners by Beecham Research Laboratories. This latest edition has been revised and updated. The Manual is a ready reference on planned care of certain age groups and situations; specific procedures and emergencies; and clinical care in general practice of important conditions. We have intentionally adopted a concise didactic style that should be helpful for trainers, trainees and members of the practice team. We thank Beecham Research Laboratories, and especially Ed Stanford and Bill Burns, for their support and help over many years. John Fry (Editor) June 1982 viii Section A PLANNED CARE Family Planning A1 Discuss with the individual patient the advantages and disadvantages of all the methods. Keep in mind individual needs, wishes and religious beliefs. In Great Britain * 2.5 million women are registered with their G.P.'s for contraception. -100 per G.P. * 95% of G.P.'s provide contraceptive services.

Herewe offer anew approach to understanding and managing common medical conditions. With the needs of our readers in mind we present clearer, more extensive and more expansive views on them. Traditional medical textbooks are wordy tomes with well worn patterns dealing in set order with 'causes, symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment'. They offer formal instant snapshots of diseases. We have devised an economic synoptic style, and we have endeavoured to give acomprehensive and an on-going long term movepicture ofeach condition and to relate this to the analysisofsymptoms and signs, to diagnostic assessment and to management and treatment. We have selected 22 important conditions and for eachhave followed the same sequence of questions and answers: * What is it? giving a brief summary of the current understanding of the nature of the condition. * Who gets it when? showing the age-sex distributions and influence ofother factors such as social class, international comparisons, andtheirlikelyfrequency ingeneralpractice and at the district general hospital. * What happens? analysing the significance of symptoms and signs, the likely course and outcome and how these influence care. * What to do? an appreciation of the nature and presentation of the condition, and their relevance to diagnosis and management.

Why yet another book on clinical diagnosis? The profusion ofmedical text booksfor studentsand young postgraduates is known to all ofus, and so also is the time-consuming and frequently frus- trating search in these books for the relevant facts we need, so often sub- merged in a mass of information which we do not really require. The traditional textbook that most clinicians have used in their training may well be written in the leisurely, discursive and unstructured style much loved by our teachers of old, but perhaps out of place in modern medical education where knowledge is so rapidly expanding and time available for its assimi- lation rapidly contracting. It iswith these considerationsinmindthat wefelt itwould beusefulto pro- vide a clear, concise, easily readable and well-illustrated book on the essen- tials of clinical diagnosis. Each chapter deals with a medical problem commonly encountered in dailyclinicalpracticeand beginswith alistofthepossiblecausesand apracti- cal perspective of their prevalence in general practice and in hospital prac- tice; the age distribution and the clinicalsignificanceofthe various disorders is also pointed out. The majorpartofthe chapter isconcernedwith thediag- nostic approach to the particular problem and emphasizes the importance of symptomsand signsin reachingthecorrectdiagnosis, as well asthe value and limitation of the investigational approach to the diagnosis. The book emphasizes the fundamental clinical skills ofhistory-taking and clinicalexamination in diagnosis, so frequently and mistakenlysubordinated to the investigational approach which is often disappointing in the limited diagnostic help which it does provide.

The trials and tribulations of a Canadian business titan during a fascinating period in 19th-century Quebec. A Mind at Sea is an intimate window into a vanished time when Canada was among the world's great maritime countries. Between 1856 and 1877, Henry Fry was the Lloyd's agent for the St. Lawrence River, east of Montreal. The harbour coves below his home in Quebec were crammed with immense rafts of cut wood, the river's shoreline sprawled with yards where giant square-rigged ships - many owned by Fry - were built. As the president of Canada's Dominion Board of Trade, Fry was at the epicentre of wealth and influence. His home city of Quebec served as the capital of the province of Canada, while its port was often the scene of raw criminality. He fought vigorously against the kidnapping of sailors and the dangerous practice of deck loading. He also battled against and overcame his personal demon - mental depression - going on to write many ship histories and essays on U.S.-Canada relations. Fry was a colourful figure and a reformer who interacted with the famous figures of the day, including Lord and Lady Dufferin, Sir John A. Macdonald, Wilfrid Laurier, and Sir Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau, Quebec's lieutenant-governor.