This book aims at presenting biologists and clinicians with a
compact description of the physiological manifestations of sleep
that are significant from the viewpoint of the principle of
homeostasis. In the jargon of the physiological literature, the
word "homeostasis", introduced by W.B. Cannon (1926), refers to the
existence of a constant state of extracellular body fluids with
regard to their physical and chemical properties. Since normal cell
function depends on the constancy of such fluids, in multicellular
animals there are many regulatory mechanisms under the control of
the central nervous system that act to maintain the constancy of
the internal environment.The experimental study of homeostasis in
wakefulness already revealed the nature and complexity of the
underlying physiological mechanisms. Many of these regulatory
mechanisms trigger compensatory changes according to the principle
of negative feedback. In contrast, the control of homeostasis
across sleep states is still an issue under debate concerning its
physiological persistence and significance. The author's aim is to
find the specific mechanistic proofs of the actual consistency or
inconsistency of the principle in different states of sleep. In
this respect, there are several interacting physiological functions
that ought to be examined across the sleep states. The selection of
the most significant experimental data is carried out with a view
to present a simple but not simplistic approach to the issue.The
book brings forth the evidence that the systemic homeostatic
regulation of many physiological variables underlying cellular life
is not active in a particular state of the ultradian sleep cycle in
mammals. It also shows the theoretical and functional importance of
the principle of homeostasis, as a criterion of the systemic
characterisation of the integrative control of physiological
functions by the central nervous system during sleep in mammals.
General
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