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7th Jenner Glycobiology and Medicine Symposium Sunday5-W Wednesday
8 September 2004 John S. Axford StGeorge's, University of London,
UK The potential for glycobiology to improve the practice of
medicine has been well recognised, which is why biannual meetings
concerning the association have been taking place for the last 14
years. The science of glycobiology has matured rapidly, and with it
the far reaching clinical implications are becoming understood. The
next decade is going to see this ?nal frontier of science
conquered. The impact this understanding of glycobiology will have
upon our practice of medicine is going to be exciting. The 7th
Jenner Glycobiology and Medicine Symposium was designed
tore?ecttheseadvances.Allthemajorclinicalareaswereinvolved,withcontributions
from pivotal players in science and medicine. As with our previous
meetings, junior scientists were involved as we recognise that at
the end of the next decade they will be in the driving seat. This
introduction serves as a taster to whet your appetite. From
embryogenesis to pathogenesis, glycosylation plays a pivotal role.
Complex and hybrid N-glyans and O-fucose glycans are critical in
oocyte devel- ment and function. This area must surely be a fertile
ground for glycosylation research.
Lyme Borreliosis is a worldwide infectious disease causing a
multisystem illness with considerable morbidity, particularly in
North America and Europe. The causative agent is the spirochaete
Borrelia burgdorferi, which is usually transmitted by the ixodid
tick from animal reservoirs. This book is formed by contributions
from the Second European Symposium on Lyme Borreliosis, held at St
George's Hospital Medical School, London in 1993, which reviewed
the current state of knowledge of the condition with regard to
clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, ecology,
epidemiology, biology and immunopathogenesis. In this book,
important data is reviewed concerning the clinical manifestations
of Lyme Borreliosis. It seems that strain variation of the
spirochaete is the main cause of regional differences seen in the
clinical presentation of patients. One striking example of this, is
the relatively high incidence of Lyme arthritis in the USA and
apparent rarity of this manifestion in some areas of Europe. These
important studies open the way for exciting new research that
focuses on the immunological and molecular mechanisms that result
in disease. A full insight into the ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi
is essential to a balanced understanding of the disease and a
number of excellent reviews on this subject are included.
Significant advances with regard to the biology of Borrelia
burgdorjeri and the immunopathogenic mechanisms that result in
disease have been made, enabling the role of the Band T lymphocytes
in disease to be established and the development of sophisticated
phenotyping methods, improved diagnostic tests and effective
vaccines.
Over the past decade significant advances in technology have opened
up the field of glycobiology. In particular, improved methods for
carbohydrate analysis have led to important biochemical
observations demonstrating that sugars play crucial roles in human
physiology. It is clear that many diseases are associated with
characteristic changes in glycosylation and furthermore, the
possibility of modulating glycan processing to treat disease is
beginning to be realised. This volume summarises some of the
important recent developments in "glycobiology and medicine. " We
highlighted some of the numerous areas in which there are
glycosylation dependant pathological mechanisms causing common
diseases. The next decade will undoubtedly see novel diagnostic and
therapeutic techniques originating from these observations. This
will significantly enhance our ability to combat infection and
diseases such as bacterial and viral infections, some cancers,
glycolipid storage disorders, systemic autoimmune disease and
disorders that involve cytokine related inflammatory mechanisms.
These topics were discussed at the 6th Jenner Glycobiology and
Medicine meeting. This meeting received a European Commission
Education grant (No. HPCF-2002-00250). CONTENTS Glycosylation
Dependent Bacterial Infections 1. A Sweet Coating-How Bacteria Deal
with Sugars ...3 Anthony P. Corfield, Rebecca Wiggins, Cathryn
Edwards, Neil Myerscough, Bryan F. Warren, Peter Soothill, Michael
R. Millar, and Patrick Horner 2. The Glycosylation of Airway Mucins
in Cystic Fibrosis and Its Relationship with Lung Infection by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...17 . Philippe Roussel and Genevieve
Lamblin 3. Structural Basis for Bacterial Adhesion in the Urinary
Tract...33 . . Jenny Berglund and Stefan D.
The Jenner International Glycoimmunology Meetings have charted the
rapid devel opment of glycobiology within the field of
inflammation. In less than a decade, the science has grown from
basically being involved in carbohydrate analysis to the
understanding of how sugars are associated with inflammation and
how they have potential as anti inflammatory therapeutics. The 4th
Jenner International Glycoimmunology Meeting was re cently held in
Loutraki, Greece, and set the scene for what promises to be an
exciting future for the speciality. Discussion reflected the rapid
advances glycobiology is making and ranged from the basic
biochemistry of carbohydrate physiology to therapeutic trials
utilizing synthetic sugars designed to block inflammatory
responses. The meeting is summarized in considerable detail in this
book which will provide the interested scientist and clinician with
the essential up-to-date facts within the field of glyco
immunology. Acknowledgments Many people have been involved in
ensuring the success of the Jenner Glycoimmu nology Meetings but
none more so than my secretary Susan Henderson who has borne the
brunt of all four meetings and is currently preparing for the 5th.
Glycoimmunology, the studyofthe oligosaccharide components
ofglycoconjugates as an integral component ofthe immune system, has
opened up a rapidly evolving field. It draws from a broad spectrum
of technologies, ranging from classical synthetic organic
chemistry, to molecular biology and beyond. The structural
microheterogenity ofoligosac- charides found on glycoproteins and
glycolipids is immense and reflects the enormous inherent
structural diversity of these carbohydrate side chains and their
ability to encode information. In this respect glycoimmunology
represents an exciting and significant oppor- tunity for both
biotechnology and pharmaceutical research. This book summarizes the
proceedings of the Third Jenner International Glycoim- munology
meeting, held at IL Ciocco Tuscany in October 1994, which was
co-ordinated underthe auspicesofEUROCARB, the
EuropeanCommunityConcertedAction forArthritis and Carbohydrate
Research. This meeting brought together leading academic and
commer- cial researchers at the forefront ofglycosylation and
immunology, with the aimofreviewing and focusing on applied and
basic research relating to glycoimmunology and its clinical
implications.
This text contains the Proceedings of the Sixth Jenner Glycobiology
and Medicine Symposium, held 14-17 September, 2002, in Seillac,
France. It highlights the most up-to-date developments in
glycoimmunology, including glycosylation-dependent bacterial and
viral infections, lectin and proteoglycan-dependent interactions in
leukocyte homing processes to lymphoid tissues and inflamed
tissues, congenital defects in glycosylation of glycoproteins and
glycolipids, and the role of carbohydrates in tumour development
and neuropathology, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Glycobiology: The Basics: Novel Pathways in Complex-Type
Oligosaccharide Synthesis: New Vistas Opened by Studies in
Invertebrates; D.H. Van den Eijnden, et al. Defective
Glycosyltransferases Are Not Good for Your Health; H. Schachter, et
al. Probing CarbohydrateProtein Interactions by HighResolution NMR
Spectroscopy; S.W. Homans, et al. Oligosaccharides and Protein
Recognition: The Structure of a Human Rheumatoid Factor Bound to
IgG Fc; B.J. Sutton, et al. Carbohydrate Recognition Systems in
Innate Immunity; T. Feizi. Biosynthesis of Sulfated LSelectin
Ligands in Human High Endothelial Venules (HEV); J.P. Girard, F.
Amalric. Endothelial Sialyl Lewis x as a Crucial Glycan Decoration
on LSelectin Ligands; R. Renkonen. Role of LectinGlycoconjugate
Recognitions in CellCell Interactions Leading to Tissue Invasion;
C. Kieda. Oligosaccharides and Biological Function: Protein
OGlcNAcylation: Potential Mechanisms for the Regulation of Protein
Function; B.K. Hayes, G.W. Hart. A Longitudinal Study of
Glycosylation of a Human IgG3 Paraprotein in a Patient with
Multiple Myeloma; M. Farooq, et al. The Role of The Lectin Calnexin
in Conformation Independent Binding to NLinked Glycoproteins and
Quality Control; J.J.M. Bergeron, et al. Glycosylation and
Inflammation: Immunodetection of Glycosyltransferases: Prospects
and Pitfalls; E.G. Berger, et al. Cytokine and Protease
Glycosylation as a Regulatory Mechanism in Inflammation and
Autoimmunity; P. Van den Steen, et al. Occurrence and Possible
Function of InflammationInduced Expression of Sialyl Lewis-X on
Acute-Phase Proteins; W. Van Dijk, et al. Glycosylation and
Disease: The Glycosylation of the Complement Regulatory Protein,
Human Erythrocyte CD59; P.M. Rudd, et al. Glycosylation and
Rheumatic Disease; J.S. Axford. IgA Glycosylation in IgA
Nephropathy; A. Allen, J. Feehally. Oligosaccharide Profiling of
Acute-Phase Proteins: A Possible Strategy towards Better Markers in
Disease; G.A. Turner, M.T. Goodarzi. The Role of NLinked
Glycosylation in the Secretion of Hepatitis B Virus; A. Mehta, et
al. Role of Glycan Processing in Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Protein
Trafficking; T.M. Block, et al. Glycotherapeutics: Combinatorial
Carbohydrate Chemistry; Z.G. Wang, O. Hindsgaul. Bacterial
Lipopolysaccharides: Candidate Vaccines to Prevent Neisseria
meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae Infections; E.R. Moxon, et
al. Development of Double Copy Dicistronic Retroviral Vectors for
Transfer and Expression of Glycosyltransferase Genes; D. Izycki, et
al. Oligosaccharide Epitope Diversity and Therapeutic Potential;
E.F. Hounsell, D.V. Renouf. The Group B Streptococcal Capsular
Carbohydrate: Immune Response and Molecular Mimicry; R.G. Feldman,
et al. Index.
Glycoprotein Analysis: A Review of the Biological Significance of
Carbohydrates on Glycoproteins and Methods for Their Analysis; R.
Dennis The Different FACES of Diseases; J. Klock, C.M. Starr The
Glycosyltransferases: Control and Function of Complextype
Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Variants of the LAcNAc Pathway;
D.H. van den Eijnden, et al. The Regulation of Cell and
Tissuespecific Expression of Glycans by Glycosyltransferases; A.
Dinter, E.G. Berger Oligosaccharides and Biological Function:
Olinked Nacetylglucosamine: The 'YinYang' of Ser/Thr
Phosphorylation? G.W. Hart, et al. Heparan Sulphate and Protein
Recognition: Binding Specificies and Activation Mechanisms; J.T.
Gallagher Glycosylation and Disease: An Introduction to
Glycosylation and Rheumatic Disease: What Is the Current State of
Play? J.S. Axford, A. Alavi Abnormalities in the Glycosylation of
IgG-Its Clinical Utility; D.A. Isenberg Carbohydrates and
Therapeutics: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Oligosaccharide
Libraries; Y. Ding, et al. In vivo Targeting Function of Nlinked
Oligosaccharides; K.G. Rice, et al. 23 additional articles. Index.
Clinical Manifestations and Treatment: Clinical Manifestations of
Lyme Borreliosis in an Italian Endemic Region; G. Bianchi. Lyme
Borreliosis in Children; H.J. Christen, F. Hanefield. Ecology and
Epidemiology: Lyme Borreliosis in Australia; R.D. Barry, et al.
Geographic Diversity of Lyme Borreliosis; G. Bianchi. Role of Host
Density in the Ecology of Lyme Disease; T.E. Awerbuch, A. Spielman.
Biology of Immunopathogenesis: Expression of Public Idiotypes in
Patients with Lyme Arthritis; J.S. Axford, et al. Lyme Disease in
an Experimental Model; M.D. Gibson, et al. Chemotaxonomy of
Borrelia; M.A. Livesley, P.A. Nuttall. Diagnosis: Detection of Lyme
Disease Spirochaete DNA in Clinical Samples; K.J. Cann, et al.
Clinical and Serological Study of Lyme Borreliosis in a Population
of Neurological Patients; E. Capello. Pitfalls in the Laboratory
Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis; S.J. Cutler. 36 additional articles.
Index.
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