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There is no clearer testament to the importance and efficacy of in
vitro fertilization in the treatmentof the infertilepatient than
the fact that over one million babies have been born since its
clinical introduction in 1978. The successof this
worldwideendeavorhas evolvedto treat some of the formerly most
intractable forms of infertility and requires individuals with
different skills and insights whose activities are often
compartmentalized into clinical, laboratory and research functions.
The intent of Essential lVF is to present current issues in
clinical IVF that encompass the varied activities of those engaged
in this enterprise. By integrating clinical, basic research and
laboratory-related aspects of human reproduction, readers with
diverse interests should obtain a more complete understanding of
the impact, importance and inter-relatedness of each in the
progress of infertility treatment, and an appreciation of whether
emerging technologies will or should contribute to this progress in
the near future. The topics selected for this volume include
research that has begun to explain the origins of differential
follicular, gamete, embryo and uterine competence, and specific
laboratory procedures and protocols that may have important
clinical implications forthe generation ofdevelopmentally viable
embryos. Human embryoresearchoverthe past 25 years has notonly
confirmed that the developmental potential of each embryo is
unique, but more importantly, demonstrated how genetic and
nongenetic factors for sperm and oocyte determineembryo
competencewell before fertilization. Several chapters deal with the
origins of normal and compromised gametes and how those with high
competence can be identified and isolated for fertilization.
There is no clearer testament to the importance and efficacy of in
vitro fertilization in the treatmentof the infertilepatient than
the fact that over one million babies have been born since its
clinical introduction in 1978. The successof this
worldwideendeavorhas evolvedto treat some of the formerly most
intractable forms of infertility and requires individuals with
different skills and insights whose activities are often
compartmentalized into clinical, laboratory and research functions.
The intent of Essential lVF is to present current issues in
clinical IVF that encompass the varied activities of those engaged
in this enterprise. By integrating clinical, basic research and
laboratory-related aspects of human reproduction, readers with
diverse interests should obtain a more complete understanding of
the impact, importance and inter-relatedness of each in the
progress of infertility treatment, and an appreciation of whether
emerging technologies will or should contribute to this progress in
the near future. The topics selected for this volume include
research that has begun to explain the origins of differential
follicular, gamete, embryo and uterine competence, and specific
laboratory procedures and protocols that may have important
clinical implications forthe generation ofdevelopmentally viable
embryos. Human embryoresearchoverthe past 25 years has notonly
confirmed that the developmental potential of each embryo is
unique, but more importantly, demonstrated how genetic and
nongenetic factors for sperm and oocyte determineembryo
competencewell before fertilization. Several chapters deal with the
origins of normal and compromised gametes and how those with high
competence can be identified and isolated for fertilization.
Advances in the development and application of electron microscopic
techniques have occurred recently such that the electron microscope
has evolved to become an essential tool in both basic and clinical
research. Use of this instrument has contributed significantly to
the formation of new perspectives and concepts concerning cell fine
structure. These structural perspectives are now being integrated
with specific functional, biochemical and pathophysiological events
and processes of cells and tissues. Most recently, utilization of
innovative electron microscopic techniques such as freeze-fracture,
freeze etching, and scanning and high-voltage electron microscopy
offers both the basic and clinical scientist potentially
fundamental insights into many morphodynamic processes related to
the activities of cells and tissues. Such an approach has been
especially rewarding when applied to the dynamic events of
gametogenesis and early embryonic development. The chapters
comprising this book have been selected and edited with the aim of
providing an up-to-date and comprehensive account of the most
important aspects of vertebrate gamets and embryos as revealed by
the integration of several different submicroscopic methods. The
organization of the chapters is designed to indicate present gaps
in our knowledge of the developmental and reproductive biology of
gametes and the developing embryo and possible Iines of research
which may lead to a lessening of these gaps."
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