Nearly four decades since the onset of the third wave, political parties remain weak in Latin America: parties have collapsed in much of the region, and most new party-building efforts have failed. Why do some new parties succeed while most fail? This book challenges the widespread belief that democracy and elections naturally give rise to strong parties and argues that successful party-building is more likely to occur under conditions of intense conflict than under routine democracy. Periods of revolution, civil war, populist mobilization, or authoritarian repression crystallize partisan attachments, create incentives for organization-building, and generate a 'higher cause' that attracts committed activists. Empirically rich chapters cover diverse cases from across Latin America, including both successful and failed cases.

Contents:
Yashar, Deborah. 'Contesting Citizenship: Indigenous Movements and Democaracy in Lation America.' Comparative Politics 30 (1998).

Smith, Carol. 'Race-Class-Gender Ideology in Guatemala: Modern and Anti-Modern Forms.' Comparative Studies in Society and History 37 (1995).

Fry, Peter. 'Politics, Nationality and the Meanings of 'Race' In Brazil.' Comparative Studies in Society and History 129 (2000).

Stephen, Lynn. 'Culture as a Resource: Four Cases of Self-managed Indigenous Craft Production in Latin America,' Economic Development and Cultural Change 40 (1991).

Chiswick, Barry., Patrinos, Harry. and Hurst, Michael. 'Indigenous Language Skills and the Labor Market in a developing Economy: Bolivia.' Economic Development and Cultural Change 40 (1991).

MacIsaac, Donna and Patrinos, Harry Anthony. 'Labour Market Discrimination against Indigenous People in Peru.' Journal of Development Studies 32 (1995).

Johnson, Ollie. 'Racial Representation and Brazilian Politics: Black Members of the National Congress, 1983-1999.' Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 40 (1998).

Van Cott, Donna Lee. 'A Political Analysis of Legal Pluralism in Bolivia and Columbia.' Journal of Latin American Studies 32 (2000).

Korovkin, Tanya. 'Weak Weapons, Strong Weapons? Hidden Resistance and Political Protest in Rural Ecuador.' Journal of Peasant Studies 27 (2000).

Andrews, George Reid. 'Racial Inequality in Brazil and the United States: A Statistical Comparison.' Journal of Social History 26 (1992).

Brysk, Alision. 'Turning Weakness into Strength: The Internationalization of Indian Rights.' Latin American Perspectives 23 (1996).

Nash, June. 'The Reassertion of Indigenous Identity: Mayan Responses to State Intervention in Chiapas.' Latin American Research Review 30 (1995).

Mitchell, Michael and Wood, Charles. 'Ironies of Citizenship, Skin Color, Police Brutality and the Challenge to Democracy in Brazil.' Social Forces 77 (1998).

The contributors and editors purpose in this book is to sketch where and why the United States and Cuba differ; to identify the issues where differences are likely to endure because they stem from the central values and interests of such different political and economic regimes; and to point to those other issues where skillful diplomacy might fin

The boundary between Cuba and the United States has become more and more porous, as have those with Latin America and the Caribbean. Never in the past half-century has Cuba's leadership or its social and political fabric been so exposed to the influence of the outside world. In this book, an all-star cast of experts critically address the recent past and present in U.S.-Cuban relations in their full complexity and subtlety to develop a perspective on the evolution of the conflict and an inventory of forms of cooperation. This much needed approach provides a way to answer the questions "what has been . . .?" and "what is . . .?" while also thinking seriously about "what if . . .?" To illustrate the most significant areas of U.S.-Cuban relations in the contemporary era, this newly updated edition of Debating U.S.-Cuban Relations adds six more themes to the study of this complex relation: political, security, economic, and cultural/academic issues; the triangular relations of the United States, Cuba, and Europe; and the politics of Cuban migration/emigration. Each topic is represented by perspectives from both Cuban and non-Cuban scholars, leading to a resource rich in insight and a model of transnational dialogue. The future course of U.S.-Cuban relations will likely be more complex than in the past, not only because of the matrix of factors involved but also because of the number of actors. Such a multiplicity of domestic, regional, and global factors is unique; it includes the rise to power of new administrations in both countries since 2008. Raul Castro became president of Cuba in February 2008 and Barack Obama was inaugurated president of the United States in January 2009. And it will feature the inauguration of a new president of the United States in January 2017 and a new president of Cuba, likely in February 2018.

Drawing on the research and experience of fifteen internationally recognized Latin America scholars, this insightful text presents an overview of inter-American relations during the first two decades of the twenty-first century. This unique collection identifies broad changes in the international system that have had significant effects in the Western Hemisphere, including issues of politics and economics, the securitization of U.S. foreign policy, balancing U.S. primacy, the wider impact of the world beyond the Americas, especially the rise of China, and the complexities of relationships between neighbors. The second edition of Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations focuses on U.S. neighbors near and far -Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. Each chapter addresses a country's relations with the United States, and each considers themes that are unique to that country's bilateral relations as well as those themes that are more general to the relations of Latin America as a whole. The book also features new chapters on transnational criminal violence, the Latino diasporas in the United States, and U.S.-Latin American migration. This cohesive and accessible volume is required reading for Latin American politics students and scholars alike.

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

By sharing one of the longest land borders in the world, the United States and Mexico will always have a special relationship. In the early twenty-first century, they are as important to one another as ever before with a vital trade partnership and often-tense migration positions. The ideal introduction to U.S.-Mexican relations, this book moves from conflicts all through the nineteenth century up to contemporary democratic elections in Mexico.

Dominguez and Fernandez de Castro deftly trace the path of the relationship between these North American neighbors from bloody conflicts to (wary) partnership. By covering immigration, drug trafficking, NAFTA, democracy, environmental problems, and economic instability, the second edition of The United States and Mexico provides a thorough look back and an informed vision of the future. "

The contributors and editors purpose in this book is to sketch where and why the United States and Cuba differ; to identify the issues where differences are likely to endure because they stem from the central values and interests of such different political and economic regimes; and to point to those other issues where skillful diplomacy might fin

With the fall of the Soviet Union and the acceleration of global economic, political, and social pressures, Mexico, Central, and South America have undergone vast transformations. This collection details these changes and updates scholarship on a region once defined by the cold war and now struggling to define itself within the era of economic globalisation and democratisation. Rapid changes in the region have produced new and contentious scholarship, the best of which is contained in this five-volume set. The organisation is clear. Each volume treats a key discipline of study and the set forms a comprehensive whole.

Contents:
Loveman, Mara. 'High-Risk Collective Action: Defending Human Rights in Chile, Uruguay and Argentina.' American Journal of Sociology 104 (1998).

Lambrou, Yianna. 'The Changing Role of NGOs in Rural Chile After Democracy.' Bulletin of Latin American Research 16 (1997).

Keck, Margaret. 'Social Equity and Environment Politics in Brazil: Lessons from the Rubber Tappers of Acre.' Comparative Politics 27 (1995).

Collier, Ruth Berins and Mahoney, James. 'Adding Collective Actors to Collective Outcomes.' Comparative Politics 29 (1997).

Houtzager, Peter and Kurtz, Marcus. 'The Institutional Roots of Popular Mobilization: State Transformation and Rural Politics in Brazil and Chile, 1960-1990.' Comparative Studies in Society and History 42 (2000).

Davis, Charles, Aguilar, Edwin E., and Speer, John G. 'Associations and Activism: Mobilization of Urban Informal Workers in Costa Rica and Nicaragua.' Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 41 (1999).

Veltmeyer, Henry. 'New Social Movements in Latin America: The Dynamics of Class and Identity.' Journal of Peasant Studies 25 (1997).

Bastian, Jean-Pierre. 'The Metamorphosis of Latin American Protestant Groups: A Sociohistorical Perspective.' Latin American Research Review 28 (1993).

Pessar, Patricia. 'Three Moments in Brazilian Millenarianism: The Interrelationship between Politics and Religion.' Luso-Brazilian Review 28 (1991).

Kampwith, Karen. 'Feminism, Antifeminism and Electoral Politics in Postwar Nicaragua and El Salvador.' Political Science Quarterly 113 (1998).

Albers, Rebecca. 'From Clientelism to Cooperation: Local Government, Participatory Policy and Civil Organizing in Porto Alegre, Brazil.' Politics and Society 26 (1998).

Murillo, M. Victoria. 'From Populism to Neoliberalism: Labor Unions and Market Reforms in Latin America.' World Politics 52 (2000).

Jorge I. Dominguez has brought together experts from Latin America, the Caribbean and the US to explore transnational aspects of crime, migration, trade, security, democracy, and international financial institutions in the Americas. They consider the effect of drug trafficking on government, the economy, and the rule of law, at both national and hemispheric levels. They look at the policy implications of migration and immigration trends, as well as trends in international trade. Assessing how to promote peace and democracy in the region, several essays examine regional issues and institutions. Others analyze the role of international financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank in promoting economic reforms. Commissioned by the Inter-American Dialogue, this collection contributes to the debate on the future direction of inter-American relations.

Recent elections in Mexico have seen dramatic changes in public opinion toward political parties. Focusing on the elections of 1994 and 1997, the book evaluates campaign strategies, voting habits, party loyalty and the decline of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). It begins by situating the transformation of Mexico's parties in historical context, then goes on to consider the role of gender and the resurgence of the Mexican left. The contributors, drawn from the U.S. and Mexico, focus on both the strategies of political parties to woo voters, and how voters actually respond. They also develop several methodological innovations for studying public opinion that can be applied beyond the case of Mexico.

Recent elections in Mexico have seen dramatic changes in public opinion toward political parties. Focusing on the elections of 1994 and 1997, the book evaluates campaign strategies, voting habits, party loyalty and the decline of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). It begins by situating the transformation of Mexico's parties in an historical context, then goes on to consider the role of gender, and the resurgence of the Mexican left. The contributors, drawn from the US and Mexico focus on both the strategies of political parties to woo voters, and how voter actually responds. They also develop several methodological innovations for studying public opinion that can be applied beyond the case of Mexico.

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Co-published with the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, this book offers a critical assessment of European Union developments since 1994. It combines the texts of the five Paul-Henri Spaak lectures given at Harvard University in the 1994-2000 period, and a cogent analysis of the successes and failures of the EU by Professor Andrew Moravcsik, entitled 'Europe without Illusions.' The European Union is the most successful voluntary international organization in world history. Europe without Illusions explores the paradox that the EU recently completed perhaps the most successful decade of integration in its history, yet it continues to be widely perceived as unstable and undemocratic. The Center for International Affairs was founded in 1958 and was renamed the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs in 1998 in gratitude for the endowment established by Albert and Celia Weatherhead and the Weatherhead Foundation. The Center was created as a means of confronting global problems. The Center is the largest international research center within Harvard University's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. It is distinctive in its recognition that knowledge is a product not only of individual academic research, but also of vigorous, sustained intellectual dialogue among scholars and nonacademic experts. To stimulate this dialogue, the Center sponsors a wide array of seminars, research programs, workshops, and conferences.

This book  is a concise overview of the recent history of US-Central American relations. Part of the Contemporary Inter-American Relations series edited by Jorge Dominguez and Rafael Fernandez de Castro,   it focuses on the relations between the US and this region since the end of the Cold War.

The  volume considers economic relations between the two regions, presenting pertinent information on the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). It also looks at political issues such as military cooperation, security issues, the drug trade and organized crime, democracy in the region, and migration. Finally, it concludes with an assessment of the direction US-Central American relations are taking at present, moving beyond the black-and-white challenges of Soviet domination in the region to address post-9/11 security concerns.

The United States and Central America will be of interest to students and scholars of foreign policy, Latin American politics and politics andinternational relations in general.

Jorge I. Dominguez has brought together experts from Latin America, the Caribbean and the US to explore transnational aspects of crime, migration, trade, security, democracy, and international financial institutions in the Americas. They consider the effect of drug trafficking on government, the economy, and the rule of law, at both national and hemispheric levels. They look at the policy implications of migration and immigration trends, as well as trends in international trade. Assessing how to promote peace and democracy in the region, several essays examine regional issues and institutions. Others analyze the role of international financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank in promoting economic reforms. Commissioned by the Inter-American Dialogue, this collection contributes to the debate on the future direction of inter-American relations.

The 2000 Mexican presidential race culminated in the election of opposition candidate Vicente Fox and the end of seven decades of one-party rule. This book, which traces changes in public opinion and voter preferences over the course of the race, represents the most comprehensive treatment of campaigning and voting behavior in an emerging democracy. It challenges the "modest effects" paradigm of national election campaigns that has dominated scholarly research in the field. Chapters cover authoritarian mobilization of voters, turnout patterns, electoral cleavages, party strategies, television news coverage, candidate debates, negative campaigning, strategic voting, issue-based voting, and the role of the 2000 election in Mexico's political transition. Theoretically-oriented introductory and concluding chapters situate Mexico's 2000 election in the larger context of Mexican politics and of cross-national research on campaigns. Collectively, these contributions provide crucial insights into Mexico's new politics, with important implications for elections in other countries.

The 2000 Mexican presidential race culminated in the election of opposition candidate Vicente Fox and the end of seven decades of one-party rule. This book, which traces changes in public opinion and voter preferences over the course of the race, represents the most comprehensive treatment of campaigning and voting behavior in an emerging democracy. It challenges the "modest effects" paradigm of national election campaigns that has dominated scholarly research in the field. Chapters cover authoritarian mobilization of voters, turnout patterns, electoral cleavages, party strategies, television news coverage, candidate debates, negative campaigning, strategic voting, issue-based voting, and the role of the 2000 election in Mexico's political transition. Theoretically-oriented introductory and concluding chapters situate Mexico's 2000 election in the larger context of Mexican politics and of cross-national research on campaigns. Collectively, these contributions provide crucial insights into Mexico's new politics, with important implications for elections in other countries.

By sharing one of the longest land borders in the world, the United States and Mexico will always have a special relationship. In the early twenty-first century, they are as important to one another as ever before with a vital trade partnership and often-tense migration positions. The ideal introduction to U.S.-Mexican relations, this book moves from conflicts all through the nineteenth century up to contemporary democratic elections in Mexico.

Dominguez and Fernandez de Castro deftly trace the path of the relationship between these North American neighbors from bloody conflicts to (wary) partnership. By covering immigration, drug trafficking, NAFTA, democracy, environmental problems, and economic instability, the second edition of The United States and Mexico provides a thorough look back and an informed vision of the future. "

The boundary between Cuba and the United States has become more and more porous, as have those with Latin America and the Caribbean. Never in the past half-century has Cuba's leadership or its social and political fabric been so exposed to the influence of the outside world. In this book, an all-star cast of experts critically address the recent past and present in U.S.-Cuban relations in their full complexity and subtlety to develop a perspective on the evolution of the conflict and an inventory of forms of cooperation. This much needed approach provides a way to answer the questions "what has been . . .?" and "what is . . .?" while also thinking seriously about "what if . . .?" To illustrate the most significant areas of U.S.-Cuban relations in the contemporary era, this newly updated edition of Debating U.S.-Cuban Relations adds six more themes to the study of this complex relation: political, security, economic, and cultural/academic issues; the triangular relations of the United States, Cuba, and Europe; and the politics of Cuban migration/emigration. Each topic is represented by perspectives from both Cuban and non-Cuban scholars, leading to a resource rich in insight and a model of transnational dialogue. The future course of U.S.-Cuban relations will likely be more complex than in the past, not only because of the matrix of factors involved but also because of the number of actors. Such a multiplicity of domestic, regional, and global factors is unique; it includes the rise to power of new administrations in both countries since 2008. Raul Castro became president of Cuba in February 2008 and Barack Obama was inaugurated president of the United States in January 2009. And it will feature the inauguration of a new president of the United States in January 2017 and a new president of Cuba, likely in February 2018.

In 1961 South Korea was mired in poverty. By 1979 it had a powerful industrial economy and a vibrant civil society in the making, which would lead to a democratic breakthrough eight years later. The transformation took place during the years of Park Chung Hee's presidency. Park seized power in a coup in 1961 and ruled as a virtual dictator until his assassination in October 1979. He is credited with modernizing South Korea, but at a huge political and social cost. South Korea's political landscape under Park defies easy categorization. The state was predatory yet technocratic, reform-minded yet quick to crack down on dissidents in the name of political order. The nation was balanced uneasily between opposition forces calling for democratic reforms and the Park government's obsession with economic growth. The chaebol (a powerful conglomerate of multinationals based in South Korea) received massive government support to pioneer new growth industries, even as a nationwide campaign of economic shock therapy-interest hikes, devaluation, and wage cuts-met strong public resistance and caused considerable hardship. This landmark volume examines South Korea's era of development as a study in the complex politics of modernization. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources in both English and Korean, these essays recover and contextualize many of the ambiguities in South Korea's trajectory from poverty to a sustainable high rate of economic growth.

Drawing on the research and experience of fifteen internationally recognized Latin America scholars, this insightful text presents an overview of inter-American relations during the first two decades of the twenty-first century. This unique collection identifies broad changes in the international system that have had significant effects in the Western Hemisphere, including issues of politics and economics, the securitization of U.S. foreign policy, balancing U.S. primacy, the wider impact of the world beyond the Americas, especially the rise of China, and the complexities of relationships between neighbors. The second edition of Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations focuses on U.S. neighbors near and far -Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. Each chapter addresses a country's relations with the United States, and each considers themes that are unique to that country's bilateral relations as well as those themes that are more general to the relations of Latin America as a whole. The book also features new chapters on transnational criminal violence, the Latino diasporas in the United States, and U.S.-Latin American migration. This cohesive and accessible volume is required reading for Latin American politics students and scholars alike.