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Bacterial Secondary Metabolites: Synthesis and Applications in
Agroecosystem presents the structure, properties, and
biotechnological applications of bacterial metabolites and their
upcoming industrial, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, and anticancer
applications. Chapters cover topicsĀ such asĀ the use of
lactic acid bacteria as an antifungal and antibacterial agent,
bacterial siderophores structure and potential applications, and
the role of cyanobacteria metabolites in disease management, among
others. Plant and agri-food environmental scientists and
researchers, graduate and post-graduate students in related fields
will benefit from this reference book which is published as part of
the series Nanobiotechnology for Plant Protection.
Fungal Cell Factories for Sustainable Nanomaterials Productions and
Agricultural Applications explores the mycogenic synthesis of many
metal nanoparticles, including processing processes, environmental
protection, and future perspectives. Nanomaterials, including
silver, gold, palladium, copper, zinc, selenium, titanium dioxide,
metal sulphide, cellulose, have been formed by major fungal genes,
such as mushrooms, Fusarium, Trichoderma, endophytic fungi, and
yeast, in addition to lichens. Understanding the exact process
involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles and the effects of
various factors on the reduction of metal ions can help to improve
low-cost strategies for the synthesis and extraction of
nanoparticles. Other sections focus on a new framework for the
production of nano-antimicrobial, the use of myconanoparticles
against plant diseases, post-harvest antibiotics, mycotoxin control
and plant pests in addition to certain animal pathogens.
Myconanomaterials are well developed with great potential and
promise for advanced diagnostics, biosensors, precision farming and
targeted smart delivery systems.
Plants are vulnerable to pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and
viruses, which cause critical problems and deficits. Crop
protection by plant breeding delivers a promising solution with no
obvious effect on human health or the local ecosystem. Crop
improvement has been the most powerful approach for producing
unique crop cultivars since domestication occurred, making possible
the main innovations in feeding the globe and community
development. Genome editing is one of the genetic devices that can
be implemented, and disease resistance is frequently cited as the
most encouraging application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in
agriculture. Nanobiotechnology has harnessed the power of genome
editing to develop agricultural crops. Nanosized DNA or RNA
nanotechnology approaches could contribute to raising the stability
and performance of CRISPR guide RNAs. This book brings together the
latest research in these areas. CRISPR and RNAi Systems:
Nanobiotechnology Approaches to Plant Breeding and Protection
presents a complete understanding of the RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9
techniques for controlling mycotoxins, fighting plant nematodes,
and detecting plant pathogens. CRISPR/Cas genome editing enables
efficient targeted modification in most crops, thus promising to
accelerate crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas9 can be used for management
of plant insects, and various plant pathogens. The book is an
important reference source for both plant scientists and
environmental scientists who want to understand how nano
biotechnologically based approaches are being used to create more
efficient plant protection and plant breeding systems.
Global Regulatory Outlook of CRISPRized Plants summarizes
CRISPR/Cas systems and applications for precise editing of plant
genomes and discusses the global regulatory framework for CRISPR
edited crops. While CRISPR technology has become a routine, cheap
and an efficient method to generate edited crops with superior
traits, how these crops will be regulated, will determine the
future of this technology. Understanding the current state of
regulation, the concerns, issues and foundations for decisions will
be key in determining how this technology is used going forward.
Global Regulatory Outlook of CRISPRized Plants highlights
regulatory classification of CRISPR modifications such as SDN1,
SDN2 and SDN3 and their global regulation. and discusses the
social, ethical, governance, and policy issues related to CRISPR
edited crops. This important summary will be vital to the
successful commercialization of CRISPR technology and biosafety
concerns associated with this technology.
The current volume focuses on all the major concerns associated
with the biofungicides and provides comprehensive knowledge of
microbial and phytochemical fungicides, bioformulations, regulation
as well as limitation of biofungicides, and their role in disease
management in plants. The use of biofungicides as eco-friendly
alternative to traditional synthetic fungicides is likely to play a
major role in organic farming in the future.
Abiotic and biotic stress factors, including drought, salinity,
waterlog, temperature extremes, mineral nutrients, heavy metals,
plant diseases, nematodes, viruses, and diseases, adversely affect
growth as well as yield of crop plants worldwide. Plant
growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are receiving increasing
attention from agronomists and environmentalists as candidates to
develop an effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative to
conventional agricultural (e.g., chemical fertilizers and
pesticide) and remediation (e.g., chelators-enhanced
phytoremediation) methods employed to deal with climate
change-induced stresses. Recent studies have shown that plant
growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), rhizobia, arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF), cyanobacteria have great potentials in the management
of various agricultural and environmental problems. This book
provides current research of biofertilizers and the role of
microorganisms in plant health, with specific emphasis on the
mitigating strategies to combat plant stresses.
Abiotic and biotic stress factors, including drought, salinity,
waterlog, temperature extremes, mineral nutrients, heavy metals,
plant diseases, nematodes, viruses, and diseases, adversely affect
growth as well as yield of crop plants worldwide. Plant
growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are receiving increasing
attention from agronomists and environmentalists as candidates to
develop an effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative to
conventional agricultural (e.g., chemical fertilizers and
pesticide) and remediation (e.g., chelators-enhanced
phytoremediation) methods employed to deal with climate
change-induced stresses. Recent studies have shown that plant
growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), rhizobia, arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF), cyanobacteria have great potentials in the management
of various agricultural and environmental problems. This book
provides current research of biofertilizers and the role of
microorganisms in plant health, with specific emphasis on the
mitigating strategies to combat plant stresses.
Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection: Volume 2
continues the important and timely discussion of nanotechnology
applications in plant protection and pathology, filling a gap in
the literature for nano applications in crop protection.
Nanobiopesticides and nanobioformulations are examined in detail
and presented as powerful alternatives for eco-friendly management
of plant pathogens and nematodes. Leading scholars discuss the
applications of nanobiomaterials as antimicrobials, plant growth
enhancers and plant nutrition management, as well as nanodiagnostic
tools in phytopathology and magnetic and supramagnetic
nanostructure applications for plant protection. This second volume
includes exciting new content on the roles of biologically
synthesized nanoparticles in seed germination and zinc-based
nanostructures in protecting against toxigenic fungi. Also included
is new research in phytotoxicity, nano-scale fertilizers and
nanomaterial applications in nematology and discussions on Botyris
grey mold and nanobiocontrol. This book also explores the potential
effects on the environment, ecosystems and consumers and addresses
the implications of intellectual property for nanobiopesticides.
Further discussed are nanotoxicity effects on the plant ecosystem
and nano-applications for the detection, degradation and removal of
pesticides.
Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Synthesis and Applications in
Agroecosystem presents the properties and biotechnological
applications of microbial metabolites and their industrial,
pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, and anticancer applications.
Chapters cover topics such as the role of fungal metabolites in the
management of abiotic stress, microbial alkaloids and their
pharmaceutical and agricultural applications, and fungal
metabolites as novel plant pathogen antagonists. PlantĀ and
agri-food environmental scientists, researchers, graduate, and
post-graduate students in related fields will find value in this
reference which is published as part of the series
Nanobiotechnology for Plant Protection.
Recent agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical research focuses
attention on the development of delivery systems that can
encapsulate, protect, and deliver natural compounds. Nanoemulsions
are recognized as the best delivery systems for natural-origin
nutraceuticals and phytochemicals, having many agri-food
applications. Bio-based Nanoemulsions for Agri-Food Applications
provides information on food-grade nanoemulsions and their
application in agriculture and the food industry. This book covers
concepts, techniques, current advances, and challenges in the
formulation of the application of emerging food grade
nanoemulsions. Particular attention is placed on food-grade
nanoemulsion production methods and components used, such as
plant/microbial products, biosurfactants, cosurfactants,
emulsifiers, ligand targets, and bioactive/functional ingredients.
This is an important reference source for materials scientists,
engineers and food scientists who are looking to understand how
nanoemulsions are being used in the agri-food sector.
Copper Nanostructures: Next-Generation of Agrochemicals for
Sustainable Agroecosystems considers the impact of copper-based
nanostructures on agri-food sectors. Sections highlight the green
synthesis of copper nanoparticles, production mechanisms,
eco-safety, and future perspectives, discuss the increasing
importance of copper nanomaterials in plant protection
applications, describe the use of copper nanostructures in plant
science applications, cover antimicrobial applications, explore
copper nanostructure applications, and summarize current
applications in agroecosystems, such as copper nanoparticles as
nanosensors, their negative ecological effects, estimation risks,
and more.
Large-scale chemical fertilizer application causes irreparable
damage to soil structure, mineral cycles, soil microbial flora,
plants, and other food chains across ecosystems, culminating in
heritable mutations in future generations of consumers. A better
way forward is the use of nanofertilizers to focus on macro
elements (N, P, K), as switching to nanofertilizers may result in
large environmental benefits by replacing the majority of these
nutrients. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of nanomaterials using
bacteria, algae, yeast, fungus, actinomycetes, and plants has
opened up a new avenue of research in the production of inorganic
nanoparticles as ecologically friendly fertilizers. Nanofertilizers
should also attain increased efficiency because of a several-fold
increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of nano-forms of nutrients
and their suitability for foliar application, where environmental
losses are further reduced. Nanostructured fertilizers can also
improve nutrient use efficiency through strategies such as targeted
distribution and progressive or controlled-release as they can
precisely release their active molecules in response to
environmental cues and biological demands. Recent research shows
nanofertilizers can increase agricultural productivity by speeding
up seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic activity,
nitrogen metabolism, and carbohydrate and protein synthesis. The
potential agricultural benefits of nanofertilizers, their modes of
action, and the fate of nanomaterials in soil are all discussed in
this book. It also covers nanofertilizer formulation and delivery,
applications, uptake, translocation, and their fate in plants, as
well as their impact on plant physiology and metabolism. Nutrient
nanoformulation is a valuable method that has the potential to
alter the agricultural sector and provide solutions to current and
future concerns for sustainable and climate-sensitive crops
Nano-Fertilizer Synthesis and Types?discusses the production of a
variety of nano-fertilizers, including biological, chemical, and
mechanical types. Nano-fertilizers aid in nutrition control by
increasing nutrient consumption efficiency as nutrients are bonded
to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which in turn release nutrients
considerably more slowly than traditional fertilizers. As the
nano-fertilizer sector advances, one approach is to concentrate on
macro elements (N, P, K), as switching to nano-fertilizers may
result in significant environmental benefits by replacing the
majority of these nutrients. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of
nanomaterials employing bacteria, algae, yeast, fungus,
actinomycetes, and plants has opened up a new field of study for
the creation of inorganic nanoparticles as environmentally benign
fertilizers. Because of the several-fold increase in the
surface-to-volume ratio of nano-forms of nutrients, and their
appropriateness for foliar application, where environmental losses
are further decreased, nano-fertilizers may achieve higher
efficiency. However, before nano-fertilizers are manufactured and
commercialized, further research should be conducted to assess
their impact for both humans and the environment.Ā While
there are some nano-fertilizer products available, the
nano-fertilizer production industry still requires additional
public and private sector support and development. Nano-Fertilizers
Synthesis and Types presents the latest information, highlights the
benefits and impacts of each, and provides a single-volume resource
to help effectively and efficiently identify options based on
use-case. Exploring the topic from the various mechanistic types to
the relevant regulatory, safety, and economic aspects, this volume
will be appropriate for those working with and researching new
nano-fertilizers.
Nano- and Nanohybrid Fungicides: Novel Applications in Plant
Pathology addresses nanofungicides and the opportunities that
nano-agrochemicals can provide. Organized into three parts, this
book addresses the synthesis and formulation of nanofungicides and
nanohybrid fungicides, as well as their sensing, degradation, and
commercialization. Furthermore, the book assesses the potential
hazards and safety of nanofungicdes for agroecosytems, in addition
to startup, patents, regulatory concerns, and prospects. Plant
scientists, plant pathologist, agriculture and food scientists, and
professionals and students working in related fields will all
benefit from this timely resource.
Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and
Biomedicine "Nanorobotics and nanodiagnostics" can be defined as a
new generation of biohybrid and nanorobotics that translate
fundamental biological principles into engineering design rules, or
integrative living components into synthetic structures to create
biorobots and nanodiagnotics that perform like natural systems.
Nanorobots or nanobots are structured of a nanoscale made of
individual assemblies. They can be termed as intelligent systems
manufactured with self-assembly strategies by chemical, physical
and biological approaches. The nanorobot can determine the
structure and enhance the adaptability to the environment in
interdisciplinary tasks. "Nanorobotics and nanodiagnostics" is a
new generation of biohybrid that translates fundamental biological
principles into engineering design rules to create biorobots that
perform like natural systems. These biorobotics and diagnostics can
now perform various missions to be accomplished certain tasks in
the research areas such as integrative biology and biomedicine.
"Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and
Biomedicine" sheds light on a comprehensive overview of the
multidisciplinary areas that explore nanotherapeutics and
nanorobotic manipulation in biology and medicine. It provides
up-to-date knowledge of the promising fields of integrative biology
and biomedicine for nano-assisted biorobotics and diagnostics to
detect and treat diseases that will enable new scientific
discoveries.
Nanofertilizer Delivery, Effects and Application Methods explores
the science of nutrient nanoformulation, a potential tool toward
sustainable and climate-sensitive crops.Wide-spread use of chemical
fertilizers has been shown to causes significant damage to soil
structure, mineral cycles, soil microbial flora, plants, and
creating human health risk both immediately and for future
generations. Through methods that include targeted distribution,
and gradual or controlled release, nanostructured fertilizers can
improve nutrient usage efficiency. According to recent studies,
through environmental cues and biological demands, nano-fertilizers
can respond to specifical challenges, and boost agricultural yield
by increasing the rate of seed germination, seedling growth,
photosynthetic activity, nitrogen metabolism, and carbohydrate and
protein synthesis. Nanofertilizer Delivery, Effects and Application
Methods discusses the potential agricultural benefits of
nanofertilizers from coverage of their formulation and delivery, to
application, plant uptake, translocation, and destiny, and their
overall effect on plant physiology and metabolism. This book is
ideal for researchers in industry and academia.
CRISPRized Horticultural Crops: Genome Modified Plants and Microbes
in Food and Agriculture summarizes applications of CRISPR/Cas
systems and its advanced variants e.g., CRISPR/Cpf1, base editing
and prime editing, for precise editing of horticultural crops. The
book discusses vector transformations methods, epi-genome, deep
learning, synthetic biology, and precision breeding for improving
yield and quality related attributes in horticultural crops. With
coverage of the relevant technologies and their applications, the
book also includes bioinformatics and large-scale databases and
their potential application in fruits, vegetables and ornamental
plants and sections on regulatory concerns related to CRISPR edited
crops. Horticultural crops, including fruit, vegetable and
ornamental plants are an important component of agriculture
production systems and play an important role in sustaining human
life.Ā
Recently, magnetic nanostructures have gained a remarkable interest
for basic research and applied studies. Because of their low cost
and ease of manufacture and modification, they have great potential
for agricultural and environmental applications. The use of
magnetic nanostructures has been proven in a wide range of fields
including catalysis, biotechnology, biomedicine, magnetic resonance
imaging, agriculture, biosensors, and removal of environmental
pollutants, among others. This book includes 16 chapters of
collected knowledge, discoveries, and applications in agriculture,
soil remediation, and water treatment. It describes the role of
nano-agriculture with regard to food security and discusses
environmental and agricultural protection concerns. It further
offers potential applications of magnetic nanomaterials in the
agriculture and food sectors, such as the development of sensors,
environment monitoring for wastewater treatment and the remediation
of contaminated soils. Increasing crop yield through the use of
nanopesticides or nanofertilizers and biosecurity using sensors for
detecting pathogens along the entire food chain are discussed as
well. This book also brings together various sources of expertise
on different aspects magnetic nanostructure application in the
agri-food sector and environment remediation. Magnetic
nanostructures also have great potential in biotechnological
processes, as they can be utilized as a carrier for enzymes during
different biocatalytic transformations. Novel magnetic
nanomaterials can be used for detection and separation of
pesticides from environmental and biological samples. The excellent
adsorption capacity of the modified magnetic nanoadsorbents
together with other advantages such as reusability, easy
separation, environmentally friendly composition, and freedom of
interferences of alkaline earth metal ions make them suitable
adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from environmental and
industrial wastes. One of the most important environmental
applications of magnetic nanostructures has been in the treatment
of water, whether in the remediation of groundwater or through the
magnetic separation and/or sensing of contaminants present in
various aqueous systems. The integrated combination of these 16
chapters, written by experts with considerable experience in their
area of research, provides a comprehensive overview on the
synthesis, characterization, application, environmental processing,
and agriculture of engineered magnetic nanostructures. Its
comprehensive coverage discusses how nanostructure materials
interact in plants as well as their potential and useful
applications.
Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection: Volume 2
continues the important and timely discussion of nanotechnology
applications in plant protection and pathology, filling a gap in
the literature for nano applications in crop protection.
Nanobiopesticides and nanobioformulations are examined in detail
and presented as powerful alternatives for eco-friendly management
of plant pathogens and nematodes. Leading scholars discuss the
applications of nanobiomaterials as antimicrobials, plant growth
enhancers and plant nutrition management, as well as nanodiagnostic
tools in phytopathology and magnetic and supramagnetic
nanostructure applications for plant protection. This second volume
includes exciting new content on the roles of biologically
synthesized nanoparticles in seed germination and zinc-based
nanostructures in protecting against toxigenic fungi. Also included
is new research in phytotoxicity, nano-scale fertilizers and
nanomaterial applications in nematology and discussions on Botyris
grey mold and nanobiocontrol. This book also explores the potential
effects on the environment, ecosystems and consumers and addresses
the implications of intellectual property for nanobiopesticides.
Further discussed are nanotoxicity effects on the plant ecosystem
and nano-applications for the detection, degradation and removal of
pesticides.
Recently, magnetic nanostructures have gained a remarkable interest
for basic research and applied studies. Because of their low cost
and ease of manufacture and modification, they have great potential
for agricultural and environmental applications. The use of
magnetic nanostructures has been proven in a wide range of fields
including catalysis, biotechnology, biomedicine, magnetic resonance
imaging, agriculture, biosensors, and removal of environmental
pollutants, among others. This book includes 16 chapters of
collected knowledge, discoveries, and applications in agriculture,
soil remediation, and water treatment. It describes the role of
nano-agriculture with regard to food security and discusses
environmental and agricultural protection concerns. It further
offers potential applications of magnetic nanomaterials in the
agriculture and food sectors, such as the development of sensors,
environment monitoring for wastewater treatment and the remediation
of contaminated soils. Increasing crop yield through the use of
nanopesticides or nanofertilizers and biosecurity using sensors for
detecting pathogens along the entire food chain are discussed as
well. This book also brings together various sources of expertise
on different aspects magnetic nanostructure application in the
agri-food sector and environment remediation. Magnetic
nanostructures also have great potential in biotechnological
processes, as they can be utilized as a carrier for enzymes during
different biocatalytic transformations. Novel magnetic
nanomaterials can be used for detection and separation of
pesticides from environmental and biological samples. The excellent
adsorption capacity of the modified magnetic nanoadsorbents
together with other advantages such as reusability, easy
separation, environmentally friendly composition, and freedom of
interferences of alkaline earth metal ions make them suitable
adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from environmental and
industrial wastes. One of the most important environmental
applications of magnetic nanostructures has been in the treatment
of water, whether in the remediation of groundwater or through the
magnetic separation and/or sensing of contaminants present in
various aqueous systems. The integrated combination of these 16
chapters, written by experts with considerable experience in their
area of research, provides a comprehensive overview on the
synthesis, characterization, application, environmental processing,
and agriculture of engineered magnetic nanostructures. Its
comprehensive coverage discusses how nanostructure materials
interact in plants as well as their potential and useful
applications.
Nanomycotoxicology: Treating Mycotoxins in Nanoway discusses the
role of nanotechnology in the detection, toxicity and management of
different types of mycotoxins. Sections cover the topic of
nanomycotoxicology, the application of nanotechnology for quicker,
more cost-effective and precise diagnostic procedures of mycotoxins
and toxicogenic fungi, and the application of nanotechnology for
the management of mycotoxigenic fungi. New topics, such as the
application of nanotechnology in disease management, disease
forecasting, and disease resistance, mycotoxin detection, and
nanodiagnostic and molecular techniques are also presented. With
chapter contributions from an international group of experts, this
book presents an interdisciplinary reference for scientists and
researchers working in mycotoxicology, nanotechnology, mycology,
plant science, and food safety. In addition, it will be a useful
tool for industrial scientists investigating technologies to update
their nanotoxicology and nanosafety knowledge.
Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agrifood and
Ecosystems shows how hybrid nanomaterials (HNMs) are being used to
enhance agriculture, food and environmental science. The book
discusses the synthesis and characterization of HNMs before
exploring agrifoods and environmental functions. It shows how novel
HNMs are being used for the detection and separation of heavy metal
ions, for destroying and sensing of insecticides, in managed
release fertilizer and pesticide formulations, plant protection,
plant promotions, purification, detection, and to control
mycotoxins. Further, the book describes the use of silica-based
total nanosystems, carbon nanotubes, nanocellulose-based, and
polymer nanohybrids for agricultural and biological applications.
This book is an important reference source for materials
scientists, engineers and food scientists who want to gain a
greater understanding on how multifunctional nanomaterials are
being used for a range of agricultural and environmental
applications.
Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials
assesses the most recent trends used to produce bionanomaterials
from agricultural waste and microorganisms. The book covers the
green synthesis of various nanomaterials using microorganisms and
agricultural waste, including the synthesis and characterization of
green nanomaterials, the production of nanomaterials from
agri-waste, including metallic, copper, silica, cellulose,
nanopolymers and nano/micro plastics, and biological methods such
as agricultural and microbial synthesis of metallic/metal oxide,
magnetic, silver, copper, nanomaterials and nanonutrients. This is
an important reference source for plant scientists, materials
scientists and environmental scientists who want to understand this
new generation of sustainable nanomaterials. The synthesis of
nanocellulose materials from agri-wastes is an emerging alternative
for waste treatment methods, developing new biosensors and
antimicrobial agents. Silicon nanoparticles are an additional
ingredient for the improvement of crop yields. With recent advances
in nanomaterials synthesis performance and the discovery of their
biomedical, environmental and agricultural applications, it is
hoped that the implementation of these methods will be used at
large-scale for industrial applications in different sectors.
Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications
discusses the characterization, processing and applications of
carbon-based nanostructured materials in the agricultural and
environmental sectors. Sections discuss the synthesis and
characterization of carbon nanotubes, the technological
developments in environmental applications of carbon-based
nanomaterials, and agri-food applications. The book also covers the
toxic effects of engineered carbon nanoparticles on the
environment, and in plants and animals. Finally, quality control
and risk management are addressed to assess health and
environmental risks. This is an applicable book for graduate
students, researchers and those in industrial sectors of science
and technology who want to learn more about carbon nanomaterials.
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