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This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of
rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used
in metal production. It covers metals essential for critical modern
technologies including electronics, electric motors, generators,
energy storage systems, and specialty alloys. Rare metals are the
main building blocks of many emerging critical technologies and
have been receiving significant attention in recent years. Much
research in academia and industry is devoted to finding novel
techniques to extract critical and rare metals from primary and
secondary sources. The technologies that rely on critical metals
are dominating the world, and finding a way to extract and supply
them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial. Rapid
development of these technologies entails fast advancement of the
resource and processing industry for their building materials.
Authors from academia and industry exchange knowledge on
developing, operating, and advancing extractive and processing
technologies. Contributions cover rare-earth elements (magnets,
catalysts, phosphors, and others), energy storage materials
(lithium, cobalt, vanadium, graphite), alloy elements (scandium,
niobium, titanium), and materials for electronics (gallium,
germanium, indium, gold, silver). The contributions also cover
various processing techniques in mineral beneficiation,
hydrometallurgy, separation and purification, pyrometallurgy,
electrometallurgy, supercritical fluid extraction, and recycling
(batteries, magnets, electrical and electronic equipment).
This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of
rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used
in metal production. It covers metals essential for critical modern
technologies including electronics, electric motors, generators,
energy storage systems, and specialty alloys. Rare metals are the
main building blocks of many emerging critical technologies and
have been receiving significant attention in recent years. Much
research in academia and industry is devoted to finding novel
techniques to extract critical and rare metals from primary and
secondary sources. The technologies that rely on critical metals
are dominating the world, and finding a way to extract and supply
them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial. Rapid
development of these technologies entails fast advancement of the
resource and processing industry for their building materials.
Authors from academia and industry exchange knowledge on
developing, operating, and advancing extractive and processing
technologies. Contributions cover rare-earth elements (magnets,
catalysts, phosphors, and others), energy storage materials
(lithium, cobalt, vanadium, graphite), alloy elements (scandium,
niobium, titanium), and materials for electronics (gallium,
germanium, indium, gold, silver). The contributions also cover
various processing techniques in mineral beneficiation,
hydrometallurgy, separation and purification, pyrometallurgy,
electrometallurgy, supercritical fluid extraction, and recycling
(batteries, magnets, electrical and electronic equipment).
This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of
rare metals from primary and secondary materials and residues as
well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal
production. Authors cover the extraction of less common or minor
metals including elements such as antimony, bismuth, barium,
beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, gallium, germanium, hafnium,
indium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum group metals, rare earth
metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, sodium, strontium, tantalum,
tellurium, and tungsten. Contributions also discuss rare metals of
low-tonnage sales compared to high-tonnage metals (iron, copper,
nickel, lead, tin, zinc, or light metals such as aluminum,
magnesium, or titanium and electronic metalloid silicon). Authors
also cover biometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy
while novel high-temperature processes such as microwave heating,
solar-thermal reaction synthesis, and cold crucible synthesis of
rare metals are addressed. Also included in this collection is the
design of extraction equipment used in these processes from
suppliers as well as laboratory and pilot plant studies.
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