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This absorbing book examines the period of massive structural
adjustment taking place in the wine industry. For many centuries
wine was very much a European product. While that is still the case
today - three-quarters of world wine production, consumption and
trade involve Europe and most of the rest involves just a handful
of New World countries settled by Europeans - the importance of
exports from non-European countries has risen dramatically over the
past decade. The World's Wine Markets includes an in-depth look at
the growth and impact of New World wine production on the Old World
producers, revealing that between 1990 and 2001, the New World's
combined share of world wine exports grew from 4 to 18 per cent, or
from 10 to 35 per cent when intra-European Union trade is excluded.
Original essays, by economists from each of the major wine
producing and consuming regions in the world, analyse recent
developments and future trends, and conclude that globalization of
the industry is set to continue for the foreseeable future.
Furthermore they argue that with increasing globalization, there is
a greater need than ever for systematic analysis of the world's
wine markets. This fascinating work will appeal greatly to students
enrolled in wine marketing and business courses, those studying
industrial organization, and economists and other social scientists
interested in case studies of globalization at work. As well, wine
industry participants interested in understanding the reasons
behind the recent dramatic developments in the industry will find
this rigorously analytical yet accessible book of great value.
This book explores the potential for policy reform as a short-term,
low-cost way to sustainably enhance global food security. It argues
that reforming policies that distort food prices and trade will
promote the openness needed to maximize global food availability
and reduce fluctuations in international food prices. Beginning
with an examination of historical trends in markets and policies,
Anderson assesses the prospects for further reforms, and projects
how they may develop over the next fifteen years. He pays
particular attention to domestic policy changes made possible by
the information technology revolution, which will complement global
change to deal directly with farmer and consumer concerns.
At a time when political leaders of the member nations are not
acting to strengthen the multilateral trading system via the World
Trade Organization, it is worthwhile to reflect on the WTO's
contributions to global welfare since its inception more than 65
years ago. This volume assembles seminal empirical studies which
estimate the past and prospective, national and global economic
welfare impacts of GATT/WTO-induced multilateral trade
liberalizations. It also touches on the effects of the Uruguay
Round's TRIPS Agreement on intellectual property rights, and the
benefits from WTO accessions and trade facilitation initiatives. In
his authoritative introduction, Professor Anderson points to the
numerous additional contributions of the WTO (and its predecessor,
the GATT) which, though difficult to quantify, are nonetheless of
great value and highlights those areas where further empirical
research could shed more light on the net benefits of this
important institution.
This absorbing book examines the period of massive structural
adjustment taking place in the wine industry. For many centuries
wine was very much a European product. While that is still the case
today - three-quarters of world wine production, consumption and
trade involve Europe and most of the rest involves just a handful
of New World countries settled by Europeans - the importance of
exports from non-European countries has risen dramatically over the
past decade. The World's Wine Markets includes an in-depth look at
the growth and impact of New World wine production on the Old World
producers, revealing that between 1990 and 2001, the New World's
combined share of world wine exports grew from 4 to 18 per cent, or
from 10 to 35 per cent when intra-European Union trade is excluded.
Original essays, by economists from each of the major wine
producing and consuming regions in the world, analyse recent
developments and future trends, and conclude that globalization of
the industry is set to continue for the foreseeable future.
Furthermore they argue that with increasing globalization, there is
a greater need than ever for systematic analysis of the world's
wine markets. This fascinating work will appeal greatly to students
enrolled in wine marketing and business courses, those studying
industrial organization, and economists and other social scientists
interested in case studies of globalization at work. As well, wine
industry participants interested in understanding the reasons
behind the recent dramatic developments in the industry will find
this rigorously analytical yet accessible book of great value.
In this anthology, editors Kym Anderson and Vicente Pinilla have
gathered together some of the world's leading wine economists and
economic historians to examine the development of national wine
industries before and during the two waves of globalization. The
empirically-based chapters analyze developments in all key
wine-producing and consuming countries using a common methodology
to explain long-term trends and cycles in wine production,
consumption, and trade. The authors cover topics such as the role
of new technologies, policies, and institutions, as well as
exchange rate movements, international market developments,
evolutions in grape varieties, and wine quality changes. The final
chapter draws on an economic model of global wine markets, to
project those markets to 2025 based on various assumptions about
population and income growth, real exchange rates, and other
factors. All authors of the book contributed to a unique global
database of annual data back to the mid-nineteenth century which
has been compiled by the book editors.
The development of the modern global trading system has been
extremely rapid - and not without controversy. The WTO (and its
precursor, the GATT) have provided not only a set of multilateral
rules and disciplines but also a forum for negotiation and a legal
mechanism to settle trade-related disputes. This important
two-volume collection includes key papers that provide a pertinent
historical perspective, as well as addressing the current and
future issues that confront the trading system. The first volume
focuses on the need for and genesis of multilateral trade rules and
disciplines, and also examines the core non-discrimination rules.
The second volume looks at reciprocity rules; the notification and
surveillance of trade policy; the modalities for negotiating market
access; and the difficulty in converting non-tariff trade measures
into tariffs.
This book brings together core papers by the editor and some of his
colleagues during the past two decades on the role of trade
openness, especially in farm products, in promoting national and
global economic development. The chapters cover four areas: how
national comparative advantage evolves in the course of economic
growth; how agricultural markets and national and global economic
welfare are affected by distortionary price and trade policies; how
inefficiently non-trade concerns of societies are addressed using
trade-distorting policies; and how the income distributional
effects of trade policies drive the political economy of those
policies.
For centuries Asia supplied the textile factories of Europe with natural fibers, including silk from East Asia via the so-called Silk Road. Now by contrast, East Asia exports virtually no natural fibers and instead is the world's most important exporter of manufactured textile products and chief importer of fibers. The book demonstrates that despite the import barriers erected by advanced economies, textiles and clothing production continue to serve as an engine of growth for developing economies seeking to export their way out of poverty. The papers in this book trace the development of the changing world market, no longer dominated by Europe but rather by the new industrialized economies of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and increasingly, China and Thailand. They also address the way in which advanced industrialized countries have responded to East Asia's growth and discuss the possible implications of European unification in 1992 on these markets.
This book explores the potential for policy reform as a short-term,
low-cost way to sustainably enhance global food security. It argues
that reforming policies that distort food prices and trade will
promote the openness needed to maximize global food availability
and reduce fluctuations in international food prices. Beginning
with an examination of historical trends in markets and policies,
Anderson assesses the prospects for further reforms, and projects
how they may develop over the next fifteen years. He pays
particular attention to domestic policy changes made possible by
the information technology revolution, which will complement global
change to deal directly with farmer and consumer concerns.
This book was first published in 1992. In the late twentieth
century, the crisis in world agriculture had become increasingly
evident as the protectionist agricultural policies of various
countries distort the international market. Why had agricultural
policies become more inward-looking as the world becomes
increasingly interdependent economically? Disarray in World Food
Markets addresses the nature and causes of this crisis in
international trade policy. Its analysis of the effects of these
food policies is complemented by a quantitative review of the
long-term trends in world food markets. The study also extensively
examines the reasons why governments choose to implement
distortionary policies. This ambitious book, based on a dynamic,
multi-commodity model of world food markets, will be an important
reference work for all with an interest in trade policy,
particularly in countries active in the trade negotiations.
Despite numerous policy reforms since the 1980s, farm product
prices remain heavily distorted in both high-income and developing
countries. This book seeks to improve our understanding of why
societies adopted these policies, and why some but not other
countries have undertaken reforms. Drawing on recent developments
in political economy theories and in the generation of empirical
measures of the extent of price distortions, the present volume
provides both analytical narratives of the historical origins of
agricultural protectionism in various parts of the world and a set
of political econometric analyses aimed at explaining the patterns
of distortions that have emerged over the past five decades. These
new studies shed much light on the forces affecting incentives and
those facing farmers in the course of national and global economic
and political development. They also show how those distortions
might change in the future or be changed by concerted actions to
offset pressures from vested interests.
The International Economics of Wine provides a broad range of
studies by Professor Kym Anderson and his co-authors of the
international trade dimension of national, regional and global wine
market developments over the past quarter-century. Prior to 1990,
barely 10% of global wine production crossed national borders, but
now that figure is 40%. In that short period, wine has switched
from being one of the world's least-traded agricultural products to
one of the most traded internationally. This has created an
unprecedented boom for consumers, who have also witnessed huge
improvements in the quality and diversity of wines available.The
chapters in this book shed light on the causes and consequences of
the dramatic transformation of the world of wine. An economic model
of the world's wine markets, based on newly compiled data, makes it
possible to quantify the likely effects of changes in incomes,
consumer preferences, tax and trade policies, and exchange rates.
Differential changes in technologies and winegrape varieties, and
the opening up of cooler wine regions, have also altered
comparative advantages in wine.
Animals/Los animales Level 2 is a bilingual Spanish/English book
for children. Level 2 is intended for toddlers to pre-schoolers.
This book, Vol. 6 in the series, includes appealing color photos
and illustrations of animals to capture and maintain your child's
attention and interest. The words were carefully selected and
meticulously crafted into sentences appropriate for the Level 2 age
group. Many words are re-entered to aid comprehension and reading.
Toddlers will be able to name some animals and repeat words and
phrases. Pre-schoolers will be able to read the short, easy
sentences. It is suggested that only one language be read at a
time. Start with the child's first or "native" language for several
reading sessions, then introduce the second language. At no time
should the two languages be read during the same session. This
volume should be of interest to English speakers who want to teach
their child(ren) Spanish as well as Spanish speakers who wish to
teach their child(ren) English. In addition, speakers of other
languages will find the book useful for teaching their child(ren)
both Spanish and English. These bilingual print books and bilingual
ebooks are suitable for the bilingual education of young people
from infant to early elementary school.. These bilingual print
books for children and the bilingual ebooks for children can play a
major role in any bilingual or ESL education program for children.
There are four levels for each topic or title making it easier for
ESL or bilingual children to progress from one level to the next.
Level 1 is for infants and toddlers and would be primarily read by
parents to their young children. Level 2 is for toddlers and
pre-schoolers and could be used by parents for the younger children
or by day care and pre-school personnel in environments where an
English/Spanish bilingual component is included in the program.
Level 3 is for pre-schoolers through kindergarten. And level 4 is
intended for K-2. Parents, caregivers, and teachers should not
hesitate to use a lower level book with an older child who is just
beginning bilingual language study or whose age does not match his
knowledge and ability in the language. While a child may be at the
age for grade 2, his language learning "age" may be at the toddler
or pre-school level. There is a full range of topics, 20 volumes in
all, in the series of English/Spanish print books and
English/Spanish ebooks that provide a thorough preparation in
English/Spanish education. English/Spanish print books for children
and English/Spanish ebooks for children readily contribute to
English/Spanish bilingual education for children. Offering
children's print books as well as children's ebooks provides
parents, caregivers, and teachers with a choice and flexibility of
format to meet the needs of child education. Children's bilingual
print books have the advantage of convenience of use while
children's bilingual ebooks include media and are easier to store,
making children's bilingual education more accessible and
convenient than ever before. These are not fiction story books or
picture books. They are juvenile non-fiction bilingual print books
and juvenile non-fiction bilingual ebooks that are educational in
nature, scope, and purpose. As such they meet the academic content
standards for juvenile non-fiction bilingual education. For book
examination and consideration by schools and teachers these books
may also be categorized as juvenile non-fiction education Spanish,
juvenile non-fiction languages Spanish, and juvenile non-fiction
English/Spanish. The BISAC Category is EDU005000, Education /
Bilingual Education.
God Made This/Dios hizo esto is Vol. 5 in a bilingual
English/Spanish series of books for children. This book is Level 1
for infants and toddlers. It includes single words and pairs of
words for the ear training of infants as well as toddlers. The
pictures help infants associate sounds with symbols--images at
first and ultimately words at the toddler level and beyond.
Toddlers will be able to repeat words, word pairs, phrases, and
brief sentences aided by the picture cues. They will gradually be
able to read the words using the printed word as their cue. This
volume presents images of the natural world around us and are of
high interest to young children. The natural environment, earth,
sky, water features, animals, flowers, fruits, vegetables, and a
variety of types of people are included. The book teaches that "God
made this." Color photos and illustrations were carefully selected
to captivate your child's interest. Words and sentences were
judiciously chosen and crafted to facilitate learning for both age
groups. Words are re-entered throughout the book to help your child
feel a sense of accomplishment. It is suggested that only one
language be read at a time. Start with the child's first or
"native" language for several reading sessions, then introduce the
second language. At no time should the two languages be read during
the same session. This volume should be of interest to English
speakers who want to teach their child(ren) Spanish as well as
Spanish speakers who wish to teach their child(ren) English. In
addition, speakers of other languages will find the book useful for
teaching their child(ren) both Spanish and English. The bilingual
print books and ebooks in this series are suitable for the
bilingual education of children from infant to elementary school.
These bilingual print books and ebooks for children can play a
major role in any bilingual or ESL education program for children.
There are four levels for each topic making it easier for ESL or
bilingual children to progress from one level to the next. Level 1
is for infants and toddlers and would be primarily read by parents
to their young children. Level 2 is for toddlers and pre-schoolers
and could be used by parents for the younger children or by day
care and pre-school personnel in environments where an
English/Spanish bilingual component is included in the program.
Level 3 is for pre-schoolers through kindergarten. And level 4 is
intended for K-2. Parents, caregivers, and teachers should not
hesitate to use a lower level book with an older child who is just
beginning bilingual language study or whose age does not match his
knowledge and ability in the language. While a child may be at the
age for grade 2, his language learning "age" may be at the toddler
or pre-school level. There is a full range of topics, 20 volumes in
all, in the series of English/Spanish print and ebooks that provide
a thorough preparation in English/Spanish education. Offering
children's print books as well as children's ebooks provides
parents, caregivers, and teachers with a choice and flexibility of
format to meet the needs of child education. Children's bilingual
print books have the advantage of convenience of use while
children's bilingual ebooks include media and are easier to store,
making children's bilingual education more accessible and
convenient than ever before. These are not fiction story books or
picture books. They are juvenile non-fiction bilingual print books
and juvenile non-fiction bilingual ebooks that are educational in
nature, scope, and purpose. As such they meet the academic content
standards for juvenile non-fiction bilingual education. For book
examination and consideration by schools and teachers these books
may also be categorized as juvenile non-fiction education Spanish,
juvenile non-fiction languages Spanish, and juvenile non-fiction
English/Spanish. The BISAC Category is EDU005000 Education /
Bilingual Education.
Animals/Los animales is Vol. 6 in a series of bilingual
Spanish/English books for children. Each volume treats a different
topic appealing to children. There are different levels for each
volume targeted to different age groups. Level 1 is intended for
infants to toddlers. Color photos and illustrations were carefully
selected to captivate your child's interest. Words and sentences
were judiciously chosen and crafted to facilitate learning for both
age groups. Words are re-entered throughout the book to help your
child feel a sense of accomplishment. It is suggested that only one
language be read at a time. Start with the child's first or
"native" language for several reading sessions, then introduce the
second language. At no time should the two languages be read during
the same session. This volume should be of interest to English
speakers who want to teach their child(ren) Spanish as well as
Spanish speakers who wish to teach their child(ren) English. In
addition, speakers of other languages will find the book useful for
teaching their child(ren) both Spanish and English. Offered here
are bilingual print books and bilingual ebooks that are suitable
for the bilingual education of young people. These bilingual print
books for children and the bilingual ebooks for children can play a
major role in any bilingual or ESL education program for children.
There are four levels for each topic or title making it easier for
ESL or bilingual children to progress from one level to the next.
Level 1 is for infants and toddlers and would be primarily read by
parents to their young children. Level 2 is for toddlers and
pre-schoolers and could be used by parents for the younger children
or by day care and pre-school personnel in environments where an
English/Spanish bilingual component is included in the program.
Level 3 is for pre-schoolers through kindergarten. And level 4 is
intended for K-2. Parents, caregivers, and teachers should not
hesitate to use a lower level book with an older child who is just
beginning bilingual language study or whose age does not match his
knowledge and ability in the language. While a child may be at the
age for grade 2, his language learning "age" may be at the toddler
or pre-school level. There is a full range of topics, 20 volumes in
all, in the series of English/Spanish print books and
English/Spanish ebooks that provide a thorough preparation in
English/Spanish education. English/Spanish print books for children
and English/Spanish ebooks for children readily contribute to
English/Spanish education for children. Offering children's print
books as well as children's ebooks provides parents, caregivers,
and teachers with a choice and flexibility of format to meet the
needs of child education. Children's bilingual print books have the
advantage of convenience of use while children's bilingual ebooks
include media and are easier to store, making children's bilingual
education more accessible and convenient than ever before. These
are not fiction story books. They are juvenile non-fiction
bilingual print books and juvenile non-fiction bilingual ebooks
that are educational in nature, scope, and purpose. As such they
meet the academic content stantards for juvenile non-fiction
bilingual education. For book examination and consideration by
schools and teachers these books may also be categorized as
juvenile non-fiction education Spanish, juvenile non-fiction
languages Spanish, and juvenile non-fiction English/Spanish.
The prices of farm products are crucial determinants of the extent
of poverty and inequality in the world. The vast majority of the
world's poorest households depend to a considerable extent on
farming for their incomes, while food represents a large component
of the consumption of all poor households. For generations, food
prices have been heavily distorted by government policies in
high-income and developing countries. Many countries began to
reform their agricultural price and trade policies in the 1980s,
but government policy intervention is still considerable and still
favors farmers in high-income countries at the expense of many
farmers in developing countries. What would be the poverty and
inequality consequences of the removal of the remaining distortions
to agricultural incentives? This question is of great relevance to
governments in evaluating ways to engage in multilateral and
regional trade negotiations or to improve their own policies
unilaterally. Agricultural Price Distortions, Inequality, and
Poverty analyses the effects of agricultural and trade policies
around the world on national and regional economic welfare, on
income inequality among and within countries, and on the level and
incidence of poverty in developing countries. The studies include
economy-wide analyses of the inequality and poverty effects of
own-country policies compared with rest-of-the-world policies for
10 individual developing countries in three continents. This book
also includes three chapters that each use a separate global
economic model to examine the effects of policies on aggregate
poverty and the distribution of poverty across many identified
developing countries. This study is motivated by two policy issues:
first, the World Trade Organization's struggle to conclude the Doha
Round of multilateral trade negotiations, in which agricultural
policy reform is, again, one of the most contentious topics in the
talks and, second, the struggle of the developing countries to
achieve their Millennium Development Goals by 2015 - notably the
alleviation of hunger and poverty - which depends crucially on
policies that affect agricultural incentives.
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