This absorbing book examines the period of massive structural adjustment taking place in the wine industry. For many centuries wine was very much a European product. While that is still the case today - three-quarters of world wine production, consumption and trade involve Europe and most of the rest involves just a handful of New World countries settled by Europeans - the importance of exports from non-European countries has risen dramatically over the past decade. The World's Wine Markets includes an in-depth look at the growth and impact of New World wine production on the Old World producers, revealing that between 1990 and 2001, the New World's combined share of world wine exports grew from 4 to 18 per cent, or from 10 to 35 per cent when intra-European Union trade is excluded. Original essays, by economists from each of the major wine producing and consuming regions in the world, analyse recent developments and future trends, and conclude that globalization of the industry is set to continue for the foreseeable future. Furthermore they argue that with increasing globalization, there is a greater need than ever for systematic analysis of the world's wine markets. This fascinating work will appeal greatly to students enrolled in wine marketing and business courses, those studying industrial organization, and economists and other social scientists interested in case studies of globalization at work. As well, wine industry participants interested in understanding the reasons behind the recent dramatic developments in the industry will find this rigorously analytical yet accessible book of great value.

This book explores the potential for policy reform as a short-term, low-cost way to sustainably enhance global food security. It argues that reforming policies that distort food prices and trade will promote the openness needed to maximize global food availability and reduce fluctuations in international food prices. Beginning with an examination of historical trends in markets and policies, Anderson assesses the prospects for further reforms, and projects how they may develop over the next fifteen years. He pays particular attention to domestic policy changes made possible by the information technology revolution, which will complement global change to deal directly with farmer and consumer concerns.

At a time when political leaders of the member nations are not acting to strengthen the multilateral trading system via the World Trade Organization, it is worthwhile to reflect on the WTO's contributions to global welfare since its inception more than 65 years ago. This volume assembles seminal empirical studies which estimate the past and prospective, national and global economic welfare impacts of GATT/WTO-induced multilateral trade liberalizations. It also touches on the effects of the Uruguay Round's TRIPS Agreement on intellectual property rights, and the benefits from WTO accessions and trade facilitation initiatives. In his authoritative introduction, Professor Anderson points to the numerous additional contributions of the WTO (and its predecessor, the GATT) which, though difficult to quantify, are nonetheless of great value and highlights those areas where further empirical research could shed more light on the net benefits of this important institution.

This absorbing book examines the period of massive structural adjustment taking place in the wine industry. For many centuries wine was very much a European product. While that is still the case today - three-quarters of world wine production, consumption and trade involve Europe and most of the rest involves just a handful of New World countries settled by Europeans - the importance of exports from non-European countries has risen dramatically over the past decade. The World's Wine Markets includes an in-depth look at the growth and impact of New World wine production on the Old World producers, revealing that between 1990 and 2001, the New World's combined share of world wine exports grew from 4 to 18 per cent, or from 10 to 35 per cent when intra-European Union trade is excluded. Original essays, by economists from each of the major wine producing and consuming regions in the world, analyse recent developments and future trends, and conclude that globalization of the industry is set to continue for the foreseeable future. Furthermore they argue that with increasing globalization, there is a greater need than ever for systematic analysis of the world's wine markets. This fascinating work will appeal greatly to students enrolled in wine marketing and business courses, those studying industrial organization, and economists and other social scientists interested in case studies of globalization at work. As well, wine industry participants interested in understanding the reasons behind the recent dramatic developments in the industry will find this rigorously analytical yet accessible book of great value.

In this anthology, editors Kym Anderson and Vicente Pinilla have gathered together some of the world's leading wine economists and economic historians to examine the development of national wine industries before and during the two waves of globalization. The empirically-based chapters analyze developments in all key wine-producing and consuming countries using a common methodology to explain long-term trends and cycles in wine production, consumption, and trade. The authors cover topics such as the role of new technologies, policies, and institutions, as well as exchange rate movements, international market developments, evolutions in grape varieties, and wine quality changes. The final chapter draws on an economic model of global wine markets, to project those markets to 2025 based on various assumptions about population and income growth, real exchange rates, and other factors. All authors of the book contributed to a unique global database of annual data back to the mid-nineteenth century which has been compiled by the book editors.

The development of the modern global trading system has been extremely rapid - and not without controversy. The WTO (and its precursor, the GATT) have provided not only a set of multilateral rules and disciplines but also a forum for negotiation and a legal mechanism to settle trade-related disputes. This important two-volume collection includes key papers that provide a pertinent historical perspective, as well as addressing the current and future issues that confront the trading system. The first volume focuses on the need for and genesis of multilateral trade rules and disciplines, and also examines the core non-discrimination rules. The second volume looks at reciprocity rules; the notification and surveillance of trade policy; the modalities for negotiating market access; and the difficulty in converting non-tariff trade measures into tariffs.

This book brings together core papers by the editor and some of his colleagues during the past two decades on the role of trade openness, especially in farm products, in promoting national and global economic development. The chapters cover four areas: how national comparative advantage evolves in the course of economic growth; how agricultural markets and national and global economic welfare are affected by distortionary price and trade policies; how inefficiently non-trade concerns of societies are addressed using trade-distorting policies; and how the income distributional effects of trade policies drive the political economy of those policies.

For centuries Asia supplied the textile factories of Europe with natural fibers, including silk from East Asia via the so-called Silk Road. Now by contrast, East Asia exports virtually no natural fibers and instead is the world's most important exporter of manufactured textile products and chief importer of fibers. The book demonstrates that despite the import barriers erected by advanced economies, textiles and clothing production continue to serve as an engine of growth for developing economies seeking to export their way out of poverty. The papers in this book trace the development of the changing world market, no longer dominated by Europe but rather by the new industrialized economies of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and increasingly, China and Thailand. They also address the way in which advanced industrialized countries have responded to East Asia's growth and discuss the possible implications of European unification in 1992 on these markets.

This book explores the potential for policy reform as a short-term, low-cost way to sustainably enhance global food security. It argues that reforming policies that distort food prices and trade will promote the openness needed to maximize global food availability and reduce fluctuations in international food prices. Beginning with an examination of historical trends in markets and policies, Anderson assesses the prospects for further reforms, and projects how they may develop over the next fifteen years. He pays particular attention to domestic policy changes made possible by the information technology revolution, which will complement global change to deal directly with farmer and consumer concerns.

This book was first published in 1992. In the late twentieth century, the crisis in world agriculture had become increasingly evident as the protectionist agricultural policies of various countries distort the international market. Why had agricultural policies become more inward-looking as the world becomes increasingly interdependent economically? Disarray in World Food Markets addresses the nature and causes of this crisis in international trade policy. Its analysis of the effects of these food policies is complemented by a quantitative review of the long-term trends in world food markets. The study also extensively examines the reasons why governments choose to implement distortionary policies. This ambitious book, based on a dynamic, multi-commodity model of world food markets, will be an important reference work for all with an interest in trade policy, particularly in countries active in the trade negotiations.

Despite numerous policy reforms since the 1980s, farm product prices remain heavily distorted in both high-income and developing countries. This book seeks to improve our understanding of why societies adopted these policies, and why some but not other countries have undertaken reforms. Drawing on recent developments in political economy theories and in the generation of empirical measures of the extent of price distortions, the present volume provides both analytical narratives of the historical origins of agricultural protectionism in various parts of the world and a set of political econometric analyses aimed at explaining the patterns of distortions that have emerged over the past five decades. These new studies shed much light on the forces affecting incentives and those facing farmers in the course of national and global economic and political development. They also show how those distortions might change in the future or be changed by concerted actions to offset pressures from vested interests.

The International Economics of Wine provides a broad range of studies by Professor Kym Anderson and his co-authors of the international trade dimension of national, regional and global wine market developments over the past quarter-century. Prior to 1990, barely 10% of global wine production crossed national borders, but now that figure is 40%. In that short period, wine has switched from being one of the world's least-traded agricultural products to one of the most traded internationally. This has created an unprecedented boom for consumers, who have also witnessed huge improvements in the quality and diversity of wines available.The chapters in this book shed light on the causes and consequences of the dramatic transformation of the world of wine. An economic model of the world's wine markets, based on newly compiled data, makes it possible to quantify the likely effects of changes in incomes, consumer preferences, tax and trade policies, and exchange rates. Differential changes in technologies and winegrape varieties, and the opening up of cooler wine regions, have also altered comparative advantages in wine.

Animals/Los animales Level 2 is a bilingual Spanish/English book for children. Level 2 is intended for toddlers to pre-schoolers. This book, Vol. 6 in the series, includes appealing color photos and illustrations of animals to capture and maintain your child's attention and interest. The words were carefully selected and meticulously crafted into sentences appropriate for the Level 2 age group. Many words are re-entered to aid comprehension and reading. Toddlers will be able to name some animals and repeat words and phrases. Pre-schoolers will be able to read the short, easy sentences. It is suggested that only one language be read at a time. Start with the child's first or "native" language for several reading sessions, then introduce the second language. At no time should the two languages be read during the same session. This volume should be of interest to English speakers who want to teach their child(ren) Spanish as well as Spanish speakers who wish to teach their child(ren) English. In addition, speakers of other languages will find the book useful for teaching their child(ren) both Spanish and English. These bilingual print books and bilingual ebooks are suitable for the bilingual education of young people from infant to early elementary school.. These bilingual print books for children and the bilingual ebooks for children can play a major role in any bilingual or ESL education program for children. There are four levels for each topic or title making it easier for ESL or bilingual children to progress from one level to the next. Level 1 is for infants and toddlers and would be primarily read by parents to their young children. Level 2 is for toddlers and pre-schoolers and could be used by parents for the younger children or by day care and pre-school personnel in environments where an English/Spanish bilingual component is included in the program. Level 3 is for pre-schoolers through kindergarten. And level 4 is intended for K-2. Parents, caregivers, and teachers should not hesitate to use a lower level book with an older child who is just beginning bilingual language study or whose age does not match his knowledge and ability in the language. While a child may be at the age for grade 2, his language learning "age" may be at the toddler or pre-school level. There is a full range of topics, 20 volumes in all, in the series of English/Spanish print books and English/Spanish ebooks that provide a thorough preparation in English/Spanish education. English/Spanish print books for children and English/Spanish ebooks for children readily contribute to English/Spanish bilingual education for children. Offering children's print books as well as children's ebooks provides parents, caregivers, and teachers with a choice and flexibility of format to meet the needs of child education. Children's bilingual print books have the advantage of convenience of use while children's bilingual ebooks include media and are easier to store, making children's bilingual education more accessible and convenient than ever before. These are not fiction story books or picture books. They are juvenile non-fiction bilingual print books and juvenile non-fiction bilingual ebooks that are educational in nature, scope, and purpose. As such they meet the academic content standards for juvenile non-fiction bilingual education. For book examination and consideration by schools and teachers these books may also be categorized as juvenile non-fiction education Spanish, juvenile non-fiction languages Spanish, and juvenile non-fiction English/Spanish. The BISAC Category is EDU005000, Education / Bilingual Education.

God Made This/Dios hizo esto is Vol. 5 in a bilingual English/Spanish series of books for children. This book is Level 1 for infants and toddlers. It includes single words and pairs of words for the ear training of infants as well as toddlers. The pictures help infants associate sounds with symbols--images at first and ultimately words at the toddler level and beyond. Toddlers will be able to repeat words, word pairs, phrases, and brief sentences aided by the picture cues. They will gradually be able to read the words using the printed word as their cue. This volume presents images of the natural world around us and are of high interest to young children. The natural environment, earth, sky, water features, animals, flowers, fruits, vegetables, and a variety of types of people are included. The book teaches that "God made this." Color photos and illustrations were carefully selected to captivate your child's interest. Words and sentences were judiciously chosen and crafted to facilitate learning for both age groups. Words are re-entered throughout the book to help your child feel a sense of accomplishment. It is suggested that only one language be read at a time. Start with the child's first or "native" language for several reading sessions, then introduce the second language. At no time should the two languages be read during the same session. This volume should be of interest to English speakers who want to teach their child(ren) Spanish as well as Spanish speakers who wish to teach their child(ren) English. In addition, speakers of other languages will find the book useful for teaching their child(ren) both Spanish and English. The bilingual print books and ebooks in this series are suitable for the bilingual education of children from infant to elementary school. These bilingual print books and ebooks for children can play a major role in any bilingual or ESL education program for children. There are four levels for each topic making it easier for ESL or bilingual children to progress from one level to the next. Level 1 is for infants and toddlers and would be primarily read by parents to their young children. Level 2 is for toddlers and pre-schoolers and could be used by parents for the younger children or by day care and pre-school personnel in environments where an English/Spanish bilingual component is included in the program. Level 3 is for pre-schoolers through kindergarten. And level 4 is intended for K-2. Parents, caregivers, and teachers should not hesitate to use a lower level book with an older child who is just beginning bilingual language study or whose age does not match his knowledge and ability in the language. While a child may be at the age for grade 2, his language learning "age" may be at the toddler or pre-school level. There is a full range of topics, 20 volumes in all, in the series of English/Spanish print and ebooks that provide a thorough preparation in English/Spanish education. Offering children's print books as well as children's ebooks provides parents, caregivers, and teachers with a choice and flexibility of format to meet the needs of child education. Children's bilingual print books have the advantage of convenience of use while children's bilingual ebooks include media and are easier to store, making children's bilingual education more accessible and convenient than ever before. These are not fiction story books or picture books. They are juvenile non-fiction bilingual print books and juvenile non-fiction bilingual ebooks that are educational in nature, scope, and purpose. As such they meet the academic content standards for juvenile non-fiction bilingual education. For book examination and consideration by schools and teachers these books may also be categorized as juvenile non-fiction education Spanish, juvenile non-fiction languages Spanish, and juvenile non-fiction English/Spanish. The BISAC Category is EDU005000 Education / Bilingual Education.

Animals/Los animales is Vol. 6 in a series of bilingual Spanish/English books for children. Each volume treats a different topic appealing to children. There are different levels for each volume targeted to different age groups. Level 1 is intended for infants to toddlers. Color photos and illustrations were carefully selected to captivate your child's interest. Words and sentences were judiciously chosen and crafted to facilitate learning for both age groups. Words are re-entered throughout the book to help your child feel a sense of accomplishment. It is suggested that only one language be read at a time. Start with the child's first or "native" language for several reading sessions, then introduce the second language. At no time should the two languages be read during the same session. This volume should be of interest to English speakers who want to teach their child(ren) Spanish as well as Spanish speakers who wish to teach their child(ren) English. In addition, speakers of other languages will find the book useful for teaching their child(ren) both Spanish and English. Offered here are bilingual print books and bilingual ebooks that are suitable for the bilingual education of young people. These bilingual print books for children and the bilingual ebooks for children can play a major role in any bilingual or ESL education program for children. There are four levels for each topic or title making it easier for ESL or bilingual children to progress from one level to the next. Level 1 is for infants and toddlers and would be primarily read by parents to their young children. Level 2 is for toddlers and pre-schoolers and could be used by parents for the younger children or by day care and pre-school personnel in environments where an English/Spanish bilingual component is included in the program. Level 3 is for pre-schoolers through kindergarten. And level 4 is intended for K-2. Parents, caregivers, and teachers should not hesitate to use a lower level book with an older child who is just beginning bilingual language study or whose age does not match his knowledge and ability in the language. While a child may be at the age for grade 2, his language learning "age" may be at the toddler or pre-school level. There is a full range of topics, 20 volumes in all, in the series of English/Spanish print books and English/Spanish ebooks that provide a thorough preparation in English/Spanish education. English/Spanish print books for children and English/Spanish ebooks for children readily contribute to English/Spanish education for children. Offering children's print books as well as children's ebooks provides parents, caregivers, and teachers with a choice and flexibility of format to meet the needs of child education. Children's bilingual print books have the advantage of convenience of use while children's bilingual ebooks include media and are easier to store, making children's bilingual education more accessible and convenient than ever before. These are not fiction story books. They are juvenile non-fiction bilingual print books and juvenile non-fiction bilingual ebooks that are educational in nature, scope, and purpose. As such they meet the academic content stantards for juvenile non-fiction bilingual education. For book examination and consideration by schools and teachers these books may also be categorized as juvenile non-fiction education Spanish, juvenile non-fiction languages Spanish, and juvenile non-fiction English/Spanish.

The prices of farm products are crucial determinants of the extent of poverty and inequality in the world. The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend to a considerable extent on farming for their incomes, while food represents a large component of the consumption of all poor households. For generations, food prices have been heavily distorted by government policies in high-income and developing countries. Many countries began to reform their agricultural price and trade policies in the 1980s, but government policy intervention is still considerable and still favors farmers in high-income countries at the expense of many farmers in developing countries. What would be the poverty and inequality consequences of the removal of the remaining distortions to agricultural incentives? This question is of great relevance to governments in evaluating ways to engage in multilateral and regional trade negotiations or to improve their own policies unilaterally. Agricultural Price Distortions, Inequality, and Poverty analyses the effects of agricultural and trade policies around the world on national and regional economic welfare, on income inequality among and within countries, and on the level and incidence of poverty in developing countries. The studies include economy-wide analyses of the inequality and poverty effects of own-country policies compared with rest-of-the-world policies for 10 individual developing countries in three continents. This book also includes three chapters that each use a separate global economic model to examine the effects of policies on aggregate poverty and the distribution of poverty across many identified developing countries. This study is motivated by two policy issues: first, the World Trade Organization's struggle to conclude the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, in which agricultural policy reform is, again, one of the most contentious topics in the talks and, second, the struggle of the developing countries to achieve their Millennium Development Goals by 2015 - notably the alleviation of hunger and poverty - which depends crucially on policies that affect agricultural incentives.