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Precision medicine is focused on the individual and will require
the rapid and accurate identification and prioritization of
causative factors of disease. To move forward and accelerate the
delivery of the anticipated benefits of precision medicine,
developing predictable, reproducible, and reliable animal models
will be essential. In order to explore the topic of animal-based
research and its relevance to precision medicine, the National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day
workshop on October 5 and 6, 2017. The workshop was designed to
focus on the development, implementation, and interpretation of
model organisms to advance and accelerate the field of precision
medicine. Participants examined the extent to which next-generation
animal models, designed using patient data and phenotyping
platforms targeted to reveal and inform disease mechanisms, will be
essential to the successful implementation of precision medicine.
This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from
the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction to
Precision Medicine and Animal Models 2 Existing Precision Medicine
Initiatives 3 The Promise and Perils of Animal Models 4
Reproducibility and Predictivity 5 In Vitro Alternatives to Animal
Models 6 Assessing Safety and Toxicology 7 Patient Perspectives 8
Reflections on the Workshop References Appendix A: Agenda Appendix
B: Planning Committee Biographies Appendix C: Speaker Biographies
The surface of the human body and its mucous membranes are heavily
colonized by microorganisms. Our understanding of the contributions
that complex microbial communities make to health and disease is
advancing rapidly. Most microbiome research to date has focused on
the mouse as a model organism for delineating the mechanisms that
shape the assembly and dynamic operations of microbial communities.
However, the mouse is not a perfect surrogate for studying
different aspects of the microbiome and how it responds to various
environmental and host stimuli, and as a result, researchers have
been conducting microbiome studies in other animals. To examine the
different animal models researchers employ in microbiome studies
and to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of each of
these model organisms as they relate to human and nonhuman health
and disease, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory
Animal Use of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine convened a workshop in December 2016. The workshop
participants explored how to improve the depth and breadth of
analysis of microbial communities using various model organisms,
the challenges of standardization and biological variability that
are inherent in gnotobiotic animal-based research, the
predictability and translatability of preclinical studies to
humans, and strategies for expanding the infrastructure and tools
for conducting studies in these types of models. This publication
summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 A Trans-Kingdom
Perspective on Animal Models and Microbiome Research 3 Non-Rodent
Models for Microbiome Research 4 Modeling Human Microbiota in
Animal Systems 5 Experimental Reproducibility Using Gnotobiotic
Animal Models 6 Establishing and Evolving Gnotobiotic Facilities 7
Reflections on the Workshop References Appendix A: Workshop Agenda
Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Planning Committee Appendix C:
Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators Appendix
D: Glossary
The marmoset, a type of small monkey native to South America, is a
research model of increasing importance for biomedical research in
the United States and globally. Marmosets offer a range of
advantages as animal models in neuroscience, aging, infectious
diseases, and other fields of study. They may be particularly
useful for the development of new disease models using genetic
engineering and assisted reproductive technologies. However,
concerns have been voiced with respect to the development of new
marmoset-based models of disease, ethical considerations for their
use, the supply of marmosets available for research, and gaps in
guidance for their care and management. To explore and address
these concerns, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory
Animal Use hosted a public workshop on October 22-23, 2018, in
Washington, DC. The workshop focused on the availability of
marmosets in the United States and abroad; animal welfare and
ethical considerations stemming from the use of wildtype and
genetically modified marmosets; and standards of housing and care,
dietary needs, and feeding requirements for marmosets in captivity.
This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from
the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2
Context for the Use of Marmosets as Animal Models 3 Ethical
Considerations 4 Current Research Applications 5 Marmoset Genomics
and Genetic Diversity 6 Marmoset Supply and Availability 7 Marmoset
Care and Management 8 Final Remarks Appendix A: Workshop Agenda
Appendix B: Professional Biosketches
The obligation to treat animals used in research ethically and
humanely extends beyond their lives in the laboratory to include
their transportation from place to place. Yet transporting animals
is a highly regulated and complex process that raises many
difficult issues. To examine these issues, the Roundtable on
Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use held a workshop on
September 3-4, 2014, in Washington, DC. More than 200 people
participated in the workshop in person and online, including
representatives of academic research institutions, pharmaceutical
and consumer product companies, government agencies, research
advocacy groups, professional associations, and the public. The
workshop was designed to draw attention to the essential thoughtful
journey planning behind each transport of laboratory animals. Table
of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction and Overview 2 Air
Transportation 3 Land Transportation 4 The Health Status and
Logistics of Laboratory Animals 5 Species-Specific Considerations 6
International, National, and State Regulatory Requirements 7
Perspectives on the Transportation of Laboratory Animals 8
Interactive Sessions 9 Key Points from the Workshop and a Look to
the Future Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Committee and
Speaker Biographies Appendix C: Transportation Checklist Appendix
D: Statement of Task
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Design, Implementation, Monitoring, and Sharing of Performance Standards for Laboratory Animal Use - Summary of a Workshop (Paperback)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use; Edited by Lida Anestidou, …
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Discovery Miles 13 040
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In order to better understand the critical issues pertaining to the
concept of performance standards for laboratory animal use, the
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Roundtable on Science and
Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use held a public workshop on April
20-21, 2015. The purpose of the workshop was to promote the
appropriate and responsible care of animals in research, to provide
a balanced and civil forum for discussion and collaboration, and to
help build transparency and trust among stakeholders. Participants
addressed the challenges of defining, developing, implementing,
assessing, and validating performance standards to ensure "optimal
practices, management, and operations." This report summarizes the
presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents
Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Performance Standards for
the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 3 Regulatory and
Advisory Perspectives 4 End-User Perspectives 5 Detailed Steps in
the Development and Implementation of Performance Standards 6
Reports from the Breakout Sessions 7 Sharing Acceptable Performance
Standards 8 Reflections on the Workshop Appendix A: Workshop Agenda
Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and
Organizing Committee Members Appendix C: Statement of Task
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