Historians have pointed to John F. Kennedy’s 1960 campaign as the first time a presidential candidate relied extensively on public opinion polls. Since then, polling has come to define American politics, and is perhaps most clearly embodied in Bill Clinton, the most poll-driven president in history. Melvin G. Holli, however, reveals that reliance on public opinion polls dates to the New Deal Era, when Franklin D. Roosevelt employed a first-generation Finnish-American named Emil Hurja to conduct polls for his 1932 and 1936 campaigns. Roosevelt’s triumph in 1932 and in 1936, as well as the spectacular 1934 Democratic congressional victory, is legendary. What few people know is the story about what happened behind the scenes: Emil Hurja was the driving force behind the Democrats during the New Deal Era. Holli restores Hurja to his rightful place American history and politics, showing us that the Washington press corps were right on target when they dubbed Hurja the “Wizard of Washington.”

Historians have tended to point to John F. Kennedy's 1960 bid for the presidency as the first time a candidate relied extensively on public opinion polls to drive a campaign. Polling has come to define American politics, and is perhaps most clearly embodied in Bill Clinton, the post poll-driven president in history. Melvin G. Holli dismisses this notion, however, and reveals that presidential reliance on public opinion polls dates back to the New Deal Era, when Franklin Roosevelt employed a first-generation Finnish-American named Emil Hurja to conduct polls for this 1932 and 1936 presidential campaigns. Holli shows us how Hurja convinced the Democratic National Committee to allow him to apply the new science of polling FDR's presidential campaign of 1932. Roosevelt's triumph at the polls in that year and again in 1936, as well as the spectacular 1934 Democratic mid-term congressional victory was legendary. Holli restores Hurja to his rightful place in American history and politics, showing us that the Washington press corps were right on target when they dubbed Hurja the 'Wizard of Washington'.

As a coercive instrument, the US executed a bombing raid on Libya, Operation El Dorado Canyon, in response to Libya's state-sponsored terrorist attacks throughout the 1970's and 1980's. Initially hailed as a success, many authors, including Robert A. Pape, now view the 1986 raid as a coercive failure because Colonel Muammar Qaddafi did not completely abandon terrorism. In order to determine the success or failure of a mission, the results must be evaluated against the strategic (political) and tactical objectives for that mission. In the context of what the Reagan administration was attempting to achieve with Operation El Dorado Canyon, the mission was undoubtedly a success. Even though it took almost two decades, Qaddafi ultimately concluded that terrorism against the United States should stop. Operation El Dorado Canyon was the leading coercive factor in Qaddafi's eventual transformation. In order to draw the conclusion that Operation El Dorado Canyon was successful in coercing Qaddafi's "change of heart," this thesis will first examine the violent history of Libya, which planted the seeds of hate for the Western "Imperialist" nations, and the assumption of command by Colonel Qaddafi. Next, this thesis will examine the role Qaddafi and Libya played in numerous, highly visible, terrorist attacks throughout the 1970's and 1980's, and the United States' responses to the attacks prior to Operation El Dorado Canyon.

This book has become established as the standard textbook in the principles and practice of exercise therapy for student physiotherapists and qualified practitioners. It contains extensively illustrated chapters on all forms of active and passive movement. The fourth edition is co-edited by Phyllis Fletcher-Cook, who has totally revised the chapter on Breathing Exercies and those on the Neurophysiological basis of movement. Finally, there are many updated sections as well.

In this revised and updated edition of a classic introductory text, Martin Hollis leads his readers through the age-old philosophical questions of free choice and human nature, appearance and reality, reason and experience, and to newer ones or rationality and morality, other minds and inner selves, and the relation between the natural and human worlds. Using theories and examples ranging from Plato, Descartes, Hume and Kant to T.S. Eliot and Sherlock Holmes, the author paints a delightfully vivid picture of the discipline that is a perfect start for students beginning courses in philosophy or for anyone meeting the subject for the first time.