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The story of U. S. nuclear testing between 1945 and 1963 is a vivid
and exciting one, but also one of profound importance. It is a
story of trailblazing scientific progress, weapons of mass
destruction, superpower rivalry, accidents, radiological
contamination, politics, and diplomacy. The testing of weapons that
defined the course and consequences of the Cold War was itself a
crucial dimension to the narrative of that conflict. Further, the
central question of why conduct nuclear tests was debated among
politicians, generals, civilians, and scientists. The book focuses
on this question and on the United States as it was the first
nation to test and use nuclear weapons. The U.S. also has remained
ahead of all other powers in achieving significant testing
milestones and has conducted more nuclear tests than any other
nuclear power. It first argues that nuclear weapons testing was for
the most part a rational state act that provided essential
information about nuclear weapons and their use. This information,
in turn, illuminated other important issues, such as the details of
test cessation agreements.Second, crucial to the history of nuclear
testing as a rational state act was the idea of its normalization,
a process that began under Truman. The norm of nuclear testing as
an acceptable state action however was undermined by Eisenhower's
moratorium of 1958-1961. The ensuing political dilemma surrounding
the tests led under Kennedy found a resolution only through the
Limited Test Ban Treaty. Lastly, the book argues that part of the
reason why Washington accepted the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963
was because it recognized that it had accomplished all that could
realistically be expected from atmospheric weapons testing.
Overall, it was a victory for those who argued in favor of national
security over diplomatic and environmental costs that normalized
nuclear weapons tests. Today, as states continue to pursue nuclear
weaponry, nuclear testing remains an important political issue in
the 21st century, making the study of its history vital.
This important source for students, researchers, advertisers and
parents reviews the debates and presents new research about
advertising to children. Chapters cover food and alcohol
advertising, the effects of product placement and new media
advertising, and the role of parents and teachers in helping
children to learn more about advertising.
This important source for students, researchers, advertisers and
parents reviews the debates and presents new research about
advertising to children. Chapters cover food and alcohol
advertising, the effects of product placement and new media
advertising, and the role of parents and teachers in helping
children to learn more about advertising.
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