The idea that our memories, in some sense, make us who we are, is a common one-and not at all implausible. After all, what could make us who we are if not the things we have experienced, thought, felt and desired on these idiosyncratic pathways through space and time that we call lives? And how can we retain these experiences, thoughts, feelings and desires if not through memory? On the other hand, most of what we have experienced has been forgotten. And there is now a considerable body of evidence that suggests that, even when we think we remember, our memories are likely to be distorted, sometimes beyond recognition. Imagine writing your autobiography, only to find that that most of it has been redacted, and much of the rest substantially rewritten. What would hold this book together? What would make it the unified and coherent account of a life? The answer, Mark Rowlands argues, lies, partially hidden, in a largely unrecognized form of memory-Rilkean memory. A Rilkean memory is produced when the content of a memory is lost but the act of remembering endures, in a new, mutated, form: a mood, a feeling, or a behavioral disposition. Rilkean memories play a significant role in holding the self together in the face of the poverty and inaccuracy of the contents of memory. But Rilkean memories are important not just because of what they are, but also because of what they were before they became such memories. Acts of remembering sculpt the contents of memories out of the slabs of remembered episodes. Our acts of remembering ensure that we are in the content of each of our memories-present in the way a sculptor is present in his creation-even when this content is lamentably sparse and endemically inaccurate.

In this 2nd edition, the author has substantially revised his book throughout, updating the moral arguments and adding a chapter on animal minds. Importantly, rather than being a polemic on animal rights, this book is also a considered and imaginative evaluation of moral theory as explored through the issue of animal rights.

It is commonly held that our thoughts, beliefs, desires and feelings - the mental phenomena that we instantiate - are constituted by states and processes that occur inside our head. The view known as externalism, however, denies that mental phenomena are internal in this sense. The mind is not purely in the head. Mental phenomena are hybrid entities that straddle both internal state and processes and things occurring in the outside world. The development of externalist conceptions of the mind is one of the most controversial, and arguably one of the most important, developments in the philosophy of mind in the second half of the twentieth century. Yet, despite its significance most recent work on externalism has been highly technical, clouding its basic ideas and principles. Moreover, very little work has been done to locate externalism within philosophical developments in both analytic and continental traditions. In this book, Mark Rowlands aims to remedy both these problems and present for the reader a clear and accessible introduction to the subject grounded in wider developments in the history of philosophy. Rowlands shows that externalism has significant and respectable historical roots that make it much more important than a specific eruption that occurred in late twentieth-century analytic philosophy.

One of the most distinctive cultural phenomena of recent years has been the rise and rise of fame. In this book, Mark Rowlands argues that our obsession with fame has transformed it. Fame was once associated with excellence or achievement in some or other field of endeavour. But today we are obsessed with something that is, in effect, quite different: fame unconnected with any discernible distinction, fame that allows a person to be famous simply for being famous. This book shows why this new fame is simultaneously fascinating and worthless. To understand this new form of fame, Rowlands maintains, we have to engage in an extensive philosophical excavation that takes us back to a dispute that began in ancient Greece between Plato and Protagoras, and was carried on in a remarkable philosophical experiment that began in eighteenth-century France. Somewhat like contestants on a reality TV show, today we find ourselves, unwittingly, playing out the consequences of this experiment.

From eye-witness accounts of elephants apparently mourning the death of family members to an experiment that showed that hungry rhesus monkeys would not take food if doing so gave another monkey an electric shock, there is much evidence of animals displaying what seem to be moral feelings. But despite such suggestive evidence, philosophers steadfastly deny that animals can act morally, and for reasons that virtually everyone has found convincing.
In Can Animals be Moral?, philosopher Mark Rowlands examines the reasoning of philosophers and scientists on this question--ranging from Aristotle and Kant to Hume and Darwin--and reveals that their arguments fall far short of compelling. The basic argument against moral behavior in animals is that humans have capabilities that animals lack. We can reflect on our motivations, formulate abstract principles that allow that allow us to judge right from wrong. For an actor to be moral, he or she must be able scrutinize their motivations and actions. No animal can do these things--no animal is moral. Rowland naturally agrees that humans possess a moral consciousness that no animal can rival, but he argues that it is not necessary for an individual to have the ability to reflect on his or her motives to be moral. Animals can't do all that we can do, but they can act on the basis of some moral reasons--basic moral reasons involving concern for others. And when they do this, they are doing just what we do when we act on the basis of these reasons: They are acting morally.

Please note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: AQA Level/Subject: AS and A Level Maths First teaching: September 2017 First exams: June 2018 Approved by AQA, this Student Book provides full support for A Level Maths (2017 specification). Bridging units at the start of each Year 1 chapter provide the perfect springboard to support students in their transition from GCSE. Concise recap sections and abundant fluency-style questions ensure the whole class can be brought to the same level of readiness for A Level. The main chapters cover the full specification across pure, mechanics and statistics. Clear and concise explanations are supported by extensive worked examples showing key techniques and common pitfalls. For each topic, students can check their understanding with a fluency-style exercise before advancing to a dedicated problem-solving exercise. This book supports the major changes in assessment style for the 2017 specification, with an assessment at the end of each chapter written in the new exam style, and with revision exercises that test synoptically across the syllabus. The statistics content has been fully updated to support AQA's new 2018 Large data set (car data). Short answers are in the back of the book, while full step-by-step solutions are provided free online. MyMaths links appear at the bottom of all exercises, providing a quick route to further practice and support. Additional support is available online via Oxford's widely acclaimed Kerboodle platform.

This Student Book is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: AQA Level and subject: AS/A Level Maths First teaching: 2017 Approved by AQA, this Student Book provides full support for AS Level Maths and Year 1 of the full A Level (2017 specification). Bridging units at the start of each chapter provide the perfect springboard to support students in their transition from GCSE. Concise recap sections and abundant fluency-style questions ensure the whole class can be brought to the same level of readiness for A Level. The main chapters cover the full AS specification across pure, mechanics and statistics. Clear and concise explanations are supported by extensive worked examples showing key techniques and common pitfalls. For each topic, students can check their understanding with a fluency-style exercise before advancing to a dedicated problem-solving exercise. This book supports the major changes in assessment style for the 2017 specification, with an assessment at the end of each chapter written in the new exam style, and with revision exercises that test synoptically across the syllabus. The statistics content has been fully updated to support AQA's new 2018 Large data set (car data). Short answers are in the back of the book, while full step-by-step solutions are provided free online. MyMaths links appear at the bottom of all exercises, providing a quick route to further practice and support. Additional support is available online via Oxford's widely acclaimed Kerboodle platform.

One of the most distinctive cultural phenomena of recent years has been the rise and rise of fame. In this book, Mark Rowlands argues that our obsession with fame has transformed it. Fame was once associated with excellence or achievement in some or other field of endeavour. But today we are obsessed with something that is, in effect, quite different: fame unconnected with any discernible distinction, fame that allows a person to be famous simply for being famous. This book shows why this new fame is simultaneously fascinating and worthless. To understand this new form of fame, Rowlands maintains, we have to engage in an extensive philosophical excavation that takes us back to a dispute that began in ancient Greece between Plato and Protagoras, and was carried on in a remarkable philosophical experiment that began in eighteenth-century France. Somewhat like contestants on a reality TV show, today we find ourselves, unwittingly, playing out the consequences of this experiment.

'Most of the serious thinking I have done over the past twenty years has been done while running.' Mark Rowlands has run for most of his life. He has also been a professional philosopher. And for him the two - running and philosophising - are inextricably connected. In Running with the Pack he tells us about the most significant runs of his life: from the entire day he spent running as a boy in Wales, to the runs along French beaches and up Irish mountains with his beloved wolf Brenin, and through Florida swamps more recently with his dog Nina. Woven throughout the book are profound meditations on mortality, middle age and the meaning of life. This is a highly original and moving book that will make the philosophically inclined want to run, and those who love running become intoxicated by philosophical ideas.

This fascinating book charts the relationship between Mark Rowlands, a rootless philosopher, and Brenin, his extraordinarily well-travelled wolf. More than just an exotic pet, Brenin exerted an immense influence on Rowlands as both a person, and, strangely enough, as a philosopher, leading him to re-evaluate his attitude to love, happiness, nature and death. By turns funny (what do you do when your wolf eats your air-conditioning unit?) and poignant, this life-affirming classic of popular philosophy will make you reappraise what it means to be human.

From eye-witness accounts of elephants apparently mourning the death of family members to an experiment that showed that hungry rhesus monkeys would not take food if doing so gave another monkey an electric shock, there is much evidence of animals displaying what seem to be moral feelings. But despite such suggestive evidence, philosophers steadfastly deny that animals can act morally, and for reasons that virtually everyone has found convincing. In Can Animals be Moral?, philosopher Mark Rowlands examines the reasoning of philosophers and scientists on this question-ranging from Aristotle and Kant to Hume and Darwin-and reveals that their arguments fall far short of compelling. The basic argument against moral behavior in animals is that humans have capabilities that animals lack. We can reflect on our motivations, formulate abstract principles that allow that allow us to judge right from wrong. For an actor to be moral, he or she must be able scrutinize their motivations and actions. No animal can do these things-no animal is moral. Rowland naturally agrees that humans possess a moral consciousness that no animal can rival, but he argues that it is not necessary for an individual to have the ability to reflect on his or her motives to be moral. Animals can't do all that we can do, but they can act on the basis of some moral reasons-basic moral reasons involving concern for others. And when they do this, they are doing just what we do when we act on the basis of these reasons: They are acting morally.

This Student Book provides full support for the Further Pure 2 paper in the Edexcel AS and A Level exams. Throughout the book, the explanations are clear and concise, with an emphasis on visual presentation, abundant worked examples and learning by doing. In every chapter, sequential exercises allow students to practise first their fluency and skills, and then the new exam-style problem-solving and modelling questions. The problem-solving is supported by Strategy boxes, which provide guidance on how best to approach these questions. Short answers are given in the back, while full step-by-step solutions to every single question can be found online. This Student Book belongs to a series of 10 OUP Student Books covering all the compulsory and optional papers for Edexcel Further Maths AS and A Level.

In this book, Mark Rowlands challenges the Cartesian view of the mind as a self-contained monadic entity, and offers in its place a radical externalist or environmentalist model of cognitive processes. Cognition is not something done exclusively in the head, but fundamentally something done in the world. Drawing on both evolutionary theory and a detailed examination of the processes involved in perception, memory, thought and language use, Rowlands argues that cognition is, in part, a process whereby creatures manipulate and exploit relevant objects in their environment. It is not simply an internal process of information processing; equally significantly, it is an external process of information processing. This innovative book provides a foundation for an unorthodox but increasingly popular view of the nature of cognition.

In The Nature of Consciousness, Mark Rowlands develops an innovative account of the nature of phenomenal consciousness, one that has significant consequences for attempts to find a place for it in the natural order. The most significant feature of consciousness is its dual nature: consciousness can be both the directing of awareness and that upon which awareness is directed. Rowlands offers a clear and philosophically insightful discussion of the main positions in this fast-moving debate, and argues that the phenomenal aspects of conscious experience are aspects that exist only in the directing of experience towards non-phenomenal objects, a theory that undermines reductive attempts to explain consciousness in terms of what is not conscious. His book will be of interest to a wide range of readers in the philosophy of mind and language, psychology and cognitive science.

Mark Rowlands develops an innovative and radical account of the nature of phenomenal consciousness, with significant consequences for attempts to find a place for it in the natural order. He argues that the phenomenal aspects of conscious experience are aspects that exist only in the directing of experience towards non-phenomenal objects, a theory that undermines reductive attempts to explain consciousness in terms of what is not conscious. His book will be of interest to a wide range of readers in the philosophy of mind and language, psychology, and cognitive science.

This Student Book is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: Edexcel Level and subject: A Level Maths First teaching: 2017 Endorsed for Edexcel, this Student Book provides full support for A Level Maths (2017 specification). Bridging units at the start of each Year 1 chapter provide the perfect springboard to support students in their transition from GCSE. Concise recap sections and abundant fluency-style questions ensure the whole class can be brought to the same level of readiness for A Level. The main chapters cover the full specification across pure, mechanics and statistics. Clear and concise explanations are supported by extensive worked examples showing key techniques and common pitfalls. For each topic, students can check their understanding with a fluency-style exercise before advancing to a dedicated problem-solving exercise. This Student Book supports the major changes in assessment style for the 2017 specification, with an assessment at the end of each chapter written in the new exam style, and with revision exercises that test synoptically across the syllabus. The Year 2 calculus coverage has been updated to support Edexcel's new specification content (revised in 2018). Short answers are in the back of the book, while full step-by-step solutions are provided free online. MyMaths links appear at the bottom of all exercises, providing a quick route to further practice and support. Additional support is available online via Oxford's widely acclaimed Kerboodle platform.

Ensure students are fully prepared for A-Level Maths with this revised second edition, fully updated to bridge the GCSE Maths 9-1 and A-level 2017 specifications. Written by an experienced A-level author who is a practising A-level teacher, this fully updated edition is an ideal resource to be used in the classroom or for independent study. Similar in structure to Collins Maths revision guides, the Bridging GCSE and A-level Maths Student Book is split into an explanation section and a practice section. * Identify and understand the transition from GCSE to AS and A-level Maths with 'What you should already know' objectives and 'What you will learn' objectives at the start of each topic * Get a head start on your AS/A-level Maths with introductions to key pure maths topics for all exam boards (AQA, OCR, MEI and Edexcel) * Boost your understanding with worked examples which include extra guidance in the form of 'Handy hint', 'Checkpoint', 'A-level Alert!' and 'Common error' boxes * Reinforce and build on your maths to fully prepare you for AS level/A-level with worked examples and plenty of practice questions from Grades 7-9 at GCSE Level extending to AS standard * Think and draw on different areas of maths with investigations at the end of some topics * Check your progress with answers to Maths practice questions at the back of the book * Test your understanding of the maths you've covered with the practice exam paper

In this book, Mark Rowlands challenges the Cartesian view of the mind as a self-contained monadic entity, and offers in its place a radical externalist or environmentalist model of cognitive processes. Drawing on both evolutionary theory and a detailed examination of the processes involved in perception, memory, thought and language use, Rowlands argues that cognition is, in part, a process whereby creatures manipulate and exploit relevant objects in their environment. This innovative book provides a foundation for an unorthodox but increasingly popular view of the nature of cognition.

Animal Rights is a big deal. From animal testing to vegetarianism, and hunting to preservation of fish stocks, it's a topic that's always in the news. Mark Rowlands, author of The Philosopher and the Wolf, is the world's best known philosopher of animal rights. In this, the first introduction he has written to the topic, he starts by asking whether there is anything about humans that makes us psychologically or physiologically distinctive - so that there might be a moral justification for treating animals in a different way to how we treat humans. From this foundation, he goes on to explore specific issues of eating animals, experimentation, pets, hunting, zoos, predation and engineering animals. He ends with a challenging argument of how an improved understanding of animal ethics can and should affect readers' choices.

Can animals be persons? To this question, scientific and philosophical consensus has taken the form of a resounding, 'No!' In this book, Mark Rowlands disagrees. Not only can animals be persons, many of them probably are. Taking, as his starting point, John Locke's classic definition of a person, as "a thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself the same thinking thing, in different times and places," Rowlands argues that many animals can satisfy all of these conditions. A person is an individual in which four features coalesce: consciousness, rationality, self-awareness and other-awareness, and many animals are such individuals. Consciousness-something that is like to have an experience-is widely distributed through the animal kingdom. Many animals are capable of both causal and logical reasoning. Many animals are also self-aware, since a form of self-awareness is essentially built into the possession of conscious experience. And some animals are capable of a kind of awareness of the minds of others, quite independently of whether they possess a theory of mind. This is not just a book about animals, however. As well as being fascinating in their own right, animals, as Claude Levi-Strauss once put it, are "good to think." In this seamless interweaving of the empirical study of animal minds with philosophy and its history, this book makes a powerful case for the idea that reflection on animals allows us to better understand each of these four pillars of personhood, and so illuminates what means for any individual-animal or human-to be conscious, rational, self- and other-aware.

In this 2nd edition, the author has substantially revised his book throughout, updating the moral arguments and adding a chapter on animal minds. Importantly, rather than being a polemic on animal rights, this book is also a considered and imaginative evaluation of moral theory as explored through the issue of animal rights.

Mark Rowlands presents a novel analysis of three epoch-defining environmental problems: climate, extinction, and pestilence. Our climate is changing at a rate that is unprecedented and, if unchecked, disastrous. Species are disappearing hundreds or thousands of times faster than normal. COVID-19 has wreaked social and economic havoc but is merely the latest off a blossoming production line of emerging infectious diseases, many of which have the potential to be far worse. Rowlands establishes that all three problems are consequences of choices we have made about energy, which can be divided into two major forms: fuel and food. Focusing on food choices as far more central to the issue than commonly recognized, he argues that the solution is breaking our collective habit of eating animals. Rowlands shows that in doing so, we stem our insatiable hunger for land, which he identifies as central to the problems of extinction and pestilence. He explains that reversing the industrial farming of animals for food will first, substantially cut climate emissions, rapidly enough to allow sustainable energy technologies time to become viable alternatives; and most importantly, make vast areas of a land available for the kind of aggressive afforestation policy that he shows as necessary to bring all three problems under control. With World on Fire, Mark Rowlands identifies the source of our environmental ills and provides a compelling and accessible account of how to solve them.

Please note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: AQA Level/Subject: AS and A Level Maths First teaching: September 2017 First exams: June 2018 This Student Book provides full support for year two of an AQA A Level course. Covering all the pure maths, mechanics and statistics content needed, the book provides dedicated exercises in every chapter for exam-style problem-solving and modelling questions. Dedicated revision exercises test synoptically across the curriculum. Throughout the book, the explanatory text is clear and concise, with abundant worked examples to show how key techniques can be used and common pitfalls to avoid. Short answers are in the back of the book, while full step-by-step solutions are provided online. MyMaths links appear at the bottom of all exercises, providing a quick route to further practice and support.

This Student Book provides full support for the Further Pure 1 paper in the Edexcel AS and A Level exams. Throughout the book, the explanations are clear and concise, with an emphasis on visual presentation, abundant worked examples and learning by doing. In every chapter, sequential exercises allow students to practise first their fluency and skills, and then the new exam-style problem-solving and modelling questions. The problem-solving is supported by Strategy boxes, which provide guidance on how best to approach these questions. Answers are given in the back, while full step-by-step solutions to every single question can be found online. This Student Book belongs to a series of 10 OUP Student Books covering all the compulsory and optional papers for Edexcel Further Maths AS and A Level.