In addition to introducing the basics of plasma physics, Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics is a comprehensive presentation of recent developments in the rapidly growing field of nonthermal plasma chemistry. The book offers a detailed discussion of the fundamentals of plasma chemical reactions and modeling, nonthermal plasma sources, relevant diagnostic techniques, and selected applications.

Elucidating interconnections and trends, the book focuses on basic principles and illustrations across a broad field of applications. Expert contributors address environmental aspects of plasma chemistry. The book also includes selected plasma conditions and specific applications in volume plasma chemistry and treatment of material surfaces such as plasma etching in microelectronics, chemical modification of polymer surfaces and deposition of functional thin films. Designed for students of plasma physics, Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics is a concise resource also for specialists in this and related fields of research.

In the modern information era, managers must recognize the competitive opportunities represented by decision-support tools. Adaptive business intelligence systems combine prediction and optimization techniques to assist decision makers in complex, rapidly changing environments. These systems address the fundamental questions: What is likely to happen in the future? And what is the best decision right now? Adaptive Business Intelligence includes elements of data mining, predictive modeling, forecasting, optimization, and adaptability.

The authors have considerable academic research backgrounds in artificial intelligence and related fields, combined with years of practical consulting experience in businesses and industries worldwide. In this book they explain the science and application of numerous prediction and optimization techniques, as well as how these concepts can be used to develop adaptive systems. The techniques covered include linear regression, time-series forecasting, decision trees and tables, artificial neural networks, genetic programming, fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, tabu search, ant systems, and agent-based modeling.

This book is suitable for business and IT managers who make decisions in complex industrial and service environments, nonspecialists who want to understand the science behind better predictions and decisions, and students and researchers who need a quick introduction to this field.

Sie wollen Norwegisch lernen, aber der Gedanke, stundenlang Vokabeln und Grammatik zu pauken, schreckt Sie ab? Dann ist dieses Buch genau das Richtige für Sie! In kurzen, auf 15 Minuten pro Tag begrenzten Lektionen bringt es Ihnen auf unterhaltsame Weise die norwegische Sprache näher. So erfahren Sie im Handumdrehen alles Wichtige über Grammatik, Aussprache und übliche Redewendungen. Durch regelmäßigen Wiederholungsfragen können Sie Ihr Wissen testen und mit Hilfe des zum Download verfügbaren Audiomaterials auch die Aussprache üben. Nach nur drei Monaten beherrschen Sie die Grundlagen spielend.

Product Data Technology encompasses the information related to all stages in the product life cycle from product design via production planning, production processes, production control etc. through the delivery and operational stages of the technical product. Product Data Technology takes a coherent, unified view of the information captured in this whole life cycle and provides methodologies to support this integrated perspective. The Product Data Technology Advisory Group (PDTAG), a Special Interest Group of the CIME Division of the Commission of the European Communities founded in 1991, has encouraged the formation of a new subseries on Product Data Technology within the existing series of Research Reports ESPRIT. This subseries will provide a depository for the important contributions made by ESPRIT projects to the evolving area of Product Data Technology, particularly also those based on STEP (ISO 10303). PDTAG is grateful to Springer Publishers for establishing this subseries which will serve to report recent international developments in Product Data Technology. The current volume describes the results of the ESPRIT Project CACID (Proj. No. 5168), dealing with the subject of computer-aided concurrent integral design. Concurrent engineering provides an important enhancement of computer-aided product design by offering a framework and methodology for the management of design projects with multiple parallel tasks. Concurrent Engineering is one of the important growth areas for Product Data Technology.

Not many other legal fields are experiencing the kind of dynamic development like that which is currently taking place in the field of European private law. The systematic penetration of the alignment of collaborative private law has established itself as a core subject of academic debate. Taking this into account, this work examines the concretization of general clauses in European private law and especially reflects on the core issues of the legitimacy of general clauses and the methods of their concretization.

Adaptive business intelligence systems combine prediction and optimization techniques to assist decision makers in complex, rapidly changing environments. These systems address fundamental questions: What is likely to happen in the future? What is the best course of action? Adaptive Business Intelligence explores elements of data mining, predictive modeling, forecasting, optimization, and adaptability. The book explains the application of numerous prediction and optimization techniques, and shows how these concepts can be used to develop adaptive systems. Coverage includes linear regression, time-series forecasting, decision trees and tables, artificial neural networks, genetic programming, fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, tabu search, ant systems, and agent-based modeling.

Martin Schmidt untersucht die Eignung verschiedener Abbildungskonzeptionen (insbesondere der "Fair-Value-Bilanzierung") fur die Rechnungslegung aus Sicht der Bilanztheorie, der empirischen Kapitalmarktforschung und der Abschlussprufung. Auf der Basis des kapitaltheoretischen Gewinns entwickelt er eine geeignete konzeptionelle Grundlage zur Abbildung von Finanzinstrumenten, in die die internationale Rechnungslegungsnorm IAS 39 vergleichend einbezogen wird.
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Die Sprunggelenke des Menschen sind auffallend gestaltete Bewegungseinrichtungen an der Abknickungszone des FuEes gegen den Unterschenkel. Sie unterstiitzen einerseits die aufrechte Korperhaltung und dienen andererseits der ungehinderten Fortbewegung unter norrnalen Korpergewichtsbelastungen. Neben der Obertragung der Korperschwe- re auf das FuEskelett dient das obere Sprunggelenk vor allem dem ungestorten Gehen und Laufen. 1m Zusammenwirken mit den sich nach distal fortsetzenden, straff geftihr- ten Gelenkforrnationen der subtalaren FuEplatte erweitert das untere Sprunggelenk den Bewegungsspielraum des menschlichen FuEes, ohne die Festigkeit der Skelettver- bindungen zu beeintrachtigen. Dadurch wird eine leichte Anpassung des FuEes an die Unebenheiten der Bodenflache errnoglicht, urn vor allem die Sicherung einer au frech- ten Korperhaltung zu gewahrleisten. Morphologische Veranderungen des FuEskeletts erwarb der Mensch durch Um- wandlungen eines Greif-oder KletterfuEes in einen Stand-und LauffuE wahrend der Evolution (Weidenreich 1921). Als F olgen der Orthoskelie und Bipedie treten nun an den Artikulationsflachen beider Sprunggelenke Forrn-und Funktionswandlungen be- sonders deutlich in Erscheinung. Das SkelettgefUge beider Sprunggelenke sowie ihre Funktionen wurden aus dieser Erkenntnis heraus bereits seit langerer Zeit ausftihrlich untersucht und diskutiert. Um- fassende Abhandlungen anthropologischer Probleme standen zahlreichen Arbeiten der vergleichenden und beschreibenden Anatomie gegeniiber. Quantitative Ergebnisse wurden in friiheren Jahren jedoch unter Anwendung methodisch unterschiedlicher MeEverfahren erarbeitet. Die somit zum Tell voneinander abweichenden Befunde ftihr- ten schIieElich zu widerspriichlichen Deutungen von Aufbau und Funktion menschIi- cher Sprunggelenksysteme und erschwerten unnotigerweise das Verstandnis der natiir- lichen FuEbewegungen.

The International Congress of Comparative Law, organised by the International Academy of Comparative Law, took place in Vienna from 20th to 26th July 2014. A number of different legal topics were discussed, such as: comparative law and unification of laws, legal education, private international law, environmental law, intellectual property, labour law, public international law, tax law and constitutional law. The reports written by the national commentators on their various fields are based on the questionnaires set out by the general reporting secretaries, who are experts in their own fields. Most of the German reports are published in this book.

Wie funktioniert der deutsche Strommarkt? Wie bestimmt man die kostengunstigsten aber ausreichend grossen Rohre fur Wassernetze? Wie entscheidet man, ob bestimmte Mengen Erdgas durch ein Gasnetz transportiert werden koennen oder nicht? Dieses einfuhrende Lehrbuch zeigt anhand konkreter Fragestellungen aus Strom-, Wasser-, Gas- und Verkehrsnetzen, mit welchen Begriffen und Techniken sich Transportvorgange in solchen Versorgungsnetzen durch mathematische Modelle beschreiben lassen. Neben den technisch-physikalischen Modellen lernt der Leser Techniken zur Analyse typischer Markte und Handelsmechanismen im Energiesektor kennen. Fur beide Falle werden die mathematischen Loesungsverfahren ausfuhrlich diskutiert. Dazu werden unter anderem klassische Flusstheorie, Optimalitatsbedingungen, lineare Komplementaritatsprobleme und gemischt-ganzzahlige nichtlineare Optimierungsprobleme behandelt, so dass der Leser automatisch zentrale Tucken ganzzahliger und nichtlinearer Optimierungsprobleme kennenlernt und sich im Umgang mit diesen ubt. Das Buch beinhaltet uber 50 UEbungsaufgaben sowie 5 Projektaufgaben, bei denen konkrete praktische Fragestellungen am Rechner geloest werden sollen. Vorausgesetzt werden lediglich Vorkenntnisse aus den ublichen Grundvorlesungen der kontinuierlichen und linearen Optimierung (inklusive Dualitat). Das Buch ist gut als Grundlage fur eine Lehrveranstaltung im Umfang von 4 Semesterwochenstunden plus UEbungen im Umfang von etwa 2 Semesterwochenstunden geeignet.

Contributions from members of the German Association for Comparative Law will be among the papers presented at this summer's twentieth International Congress of Comparative Law, to be held for the first time in Asia at Fukuoka, Japan, in July. In a strong range of topics, one focus during the six-day congress will be on questions of multiculturalism and language that concern both comparative law methodology and other legal fields such as family law. Further dealt with will be matters particularly relevant to consumer protection, ranging from choice of court agreements to price control in contracts, duty of information, the regulation of crowd-funding, as well as leisure and travel contracts. Another focus will be on digitalisation's far-reaching economic, societal and legal implications, with questions of data protection in the realm of comparative law accentuated by contributions on the right to be forgotten or current national legal orders. Overall, the volume will reflect the present state of discussions within German jurisprudence. With contributions by: Christina Breunig, Moritz Brinkmann, Johanna Croon-Gestefeld, Anatol Dutta, Katharina Erler, Matthias Fervers, Stefan Grundmann, Beate Gsell, Dirk Hanschel, Wolfgang Hau, Leonhard Hubner, Luca Kaller, Jurgen Kuhling, Sebastian Mock, Joachim Munch, David Ruther, Anne Sanders, Bianca Scraback, Stefanie Schmahl, Martin Schmidt-Kessel, Boris Schinkels, Andreas Spickhoff, Klaus Tonner; Jan Thiessen, Tobias H. Troeger, Lars Viellechner, Marc-Philippe Weller, Matthias Weller, Bettina Weisser

This book provides rule-by-rule commentaries on the Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market. The eIDAS regulation aims at proving a framework for secure and trustworthy electronic transactions in the EU. This volume offers comprehensive comments on all provisions of this regulation containing references to European scholarly writing. As a cross-border project this book is written by an international group of contributors and provides analysis from different European countries. In order to assess the arising legal issues the contributions to this book reflect both aspects of the eIDAS regulation: On one hand the technological-neutral approach intended by this regulation, but also the nevertheless technically determined definitions and provisions of this very specific field of law.