Only if they do the right thing at the right time will owners of small businesses succeed. Simple enough, but what are the factors in their psychological makeup that enable them to do it? Frese and his contributors have studied small businesses in four African countries from a psychological perspective--the first time this has been done--and report that it's the psychological aspects of their strategies, not just the strategies themselves, that contribute significantly to their success. They also prove that many of the stereotypes that seem to characterize the owners of microbusinesses are clearly incorrect. Executives, analysts, bankers, international entrepreneurs, and their academic colleagues will discover that many of the conclusions they have drawn from previous studies can not be generalized. Only by separating those that can be generalized from those that can not, can we get a true understanding of the small business entrepreneurial dynamic.

Frese and his colleagues focus on South Africa, Zimbabwe, Uganda, and Zambia to produce a clear overview of the research on microbusiness and entrepreneurship in developing countries. They find that psychological strategies are closely related to entrepreneurial success, but because conditions in these countries differ widely, the particulars of certain strategies and their effectiveness may also differ. They show that a number of ideas prevalent among professionals and entrepreneurship researchers in developing countries need to be challenged. Among them, that microenterprise owners who started their companies because they were unemployed do worse than those who started for other, more positive reasons. Also, that human capital (education) represents the most important set of variables to be considered for success (it isn't), or that employing family members decreases success (it doesn't). Well written and impeccably researched, the book is an essential contribution to corporate and academic libraries, as well as to the knowledge of individuals in business, psychology, entrepreneurial and regional studies, and related fields.

The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: New Perspectives is an update of the earlier landmark volume in the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Organizational Frontiers Series. This new book takes stock of the advances in the field of the psychology of entrepreneurship with all new chapters and presents the latest findings on traditional topics, such as cognition, motivation, affect, personality, and action. The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: New Perspectives compiles research of the most prolific scholars in the field to produce an overview of the most important psychological topics relevant to entrepreneurship. It includes novel insights into topics such as entrepreneurial cognition, intrapreneurship and innovation, leadership, entrepreneurial competencies, action theory, entrepreneurship training, and the process of entrepreneurship. Additionally, the updated volume presents new topics that have become more and more important in entrepreneurship research. These topics include affect, clinical psychology and disorders, biological correlates of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial teams, culture, identity, starting capital, failure and exit, contextual factors, age and demographic change, evidence-based entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurs' well-being. With a collection of authors comprising experts who have developed the field over the last decade, The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: New Perspectives is vital to all students, scholars, and instructors interested in staying abreast of the most current, novel research and insights into the psychology of entrepreneurship.

Despite the significance and prevalence of errors in organizations, there has been no attempt within the field of Industrial and Organizational Psychology to create a single source summarizing what we know regarding errors in organizations and providing a focused effort toward identifying future directions of research. This volume answers that need and provides contributions by researchers who have conducted a considerable amount of research on errors occurring in the work context. Students, academics and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines, i.e., industrial organizational psychology, medicine, aviation, human factors and systems engineering, will find this book of interest.

Originally published in 1985, this book was an attempt at a comprehensive review of the psychology of action in various areas of psychology. It is also an attempt to bridge two languages and traditions in psychology: German and Anglo-American. Although Anglo-American psychology had had an enormous influence on German psychology, the influence had not gone the other way around - at least not in recent years. Therefore, this book attempts to get the two traditions to speak with each other. The main article, from one language area, and the following discussion, from the other language area, together result in an extensive treatment of an action-theoretic approach in the respective psychological area; thus, both the main article and "discussion" should be read together.

This book examines planning as the critical influence on performance at work and in organizations. Bridging theory and practice, it unites cutting-edge research findings from cognitive science, social psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, strategic management, and entrepreneurship, and describes the practical applications of these research findings for practitioners interested in improving planning performance in organizations.

This book examines planning as the critical influence on performance at work and in organizations. Bridging theory and practice, it unites cutting-edge research findings from cognitive science, social psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, strategic management, and entrepreneurship, and describes the practical applications of these research findings for practitioners interested in improving planning performance in organizations.

The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: New Perspectives is an update of the earlier landmark volume in the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Organizational Frontiers Series. This new book takes stock of the advances in the field of the psychology of entrepreneurship with all new chapters and presents the latest findings on traditional topics, such as cognition, motivation, affect, personality, and action. The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: New Perspectives compiles research of the most prolific scholars in the field to produce an overview of the most important psychological topics relevant to entrepreneurship. It includes novel insights into topics such as entrepreneurial cognition, intrapreneurship and innovation, leadership, entrepreneurial competencies, action theory, entrepreneurship training, and the process of entrepreneurship. Additionally, the updated volume presents new topics that have become more and more important in entrepreneurship research. These topics include affect, clinical psychology and disorders, biological correlates of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial teams, culture, identity, starting capital, failure and exit, contextual factors, age and demographic change, evidence-based entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurs' well-being. With a collection of authors comprising experts who have developed the field over the last decade, The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: New Perspectives is vital to all students, scholars, and instructors interested in staying abreast of the most current, novel research and insights into the psychology of entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship is essential for international social and economic well-being, as new ventures are the dominant source of job creation, market innovation, and economic growth in many societies. In this book, a noted group of researchers use findings, methods, and theories of modern psychology as the basis for gaining important, new insights into entrepreneurship-and into the hearts and minds of the talented, passionate professionals who create new business ventures. The Psychology of Entrepreneurship, a volume in the SIOP Organizational Frontiers Series, is the first book written about the psychology of entrepreneurship, and includes over 60 research questions to guide industrial organizational psychology, organizational behavior, and entrepreneurship research about entrepreneurs. It seeks to answer questions such as, how and why do some people, but not others, recognize opportunities, decide to start new ventures, and organize successful, rapidly growing new ventures? Some topics addressed include: methods to help researchers explore the domain of entrepreneurship research; the entire process of starting a new business; characteristics of the individual entrepreneur; the history of entrepreneurship education; the cross-cultural effects of entrepreneurship; and the viewpoints of seasoned psychologists who analyze current entrepreneurship research methods. This book will appeal to teachers, students, and researchers in the areas of industrial organizational psychology, organizational behavior, entrepreneurship, and management.

Entrepreneurship is essential for international social and economic well-being, as new ventures are the dominant source of job creation, market innovation, and economic growth in many societies. In this book, a noted group of researchers use findings, methods, and theories of modern psychology as the basis for gaining important, new insights into entrepreneurship-and into the hearts and minds of the talented, passionate professionals who create new business ventures.

The Psychology of Entrepreneurship, a volume in the SIOP Organizational Frontiers Series, is the first book written about the psychology of entrepreneurship, and includes over 60 research questions to guide industrial organizational psychology, organizational behavior, and entrepreneurship research about entrepreneurs. It seeks to answer questions such as, how and why do some people, but not others, recognize opportunities, decide to start new ventures, and organize successful, rapidly growing new ventures?

Some topics addressed include:

• methods to help researchers explore the domain of entrepreneurship research;
• the entire process of starting a new business;
• characteristics of the individual entrepreneur;
• the history of entrepreneurship education;
• the cross-cultural effects of entrepreneurship; and
• the viewpoints of seasoned psychologists who analyze current entrepreneurship research methods.

This book will appeal to teachers, students, and researchers in the areas of industrial organizational psychology, organizational behavior, entrepreneurship, and management.

Despite the significance and prevalence of errors in organizations, there has been no attempt within the field of Industrial and Organizational Psychology to create a single source summarizing what we know regarding errors in organizations and providing a focused effort toward identifying future directions of research. This volume answers that need and provides contributions by researchers who have conducted a considerable amount of research on errors occurring in the work context. Students, academics and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines, i.e., industrial organizational psychology, medicine, aviation, human factors and systems engineering, will find this book of interest.

In the early decades of European integration, the enforcement of EU competition law was highly centralized. Virtually all enforcement actions under Articles 101 and 102 TFEU were initiated by the European Commission. More recently, the enforcement of EU competition law has become less centralized - many would say even decentralized. In 2004, essentially in an effort to increase enforcement capacity in the wake of EU enlargement, the involvement of Member State competition authorities was significantly reinforced by national authorities being given power to pursue infringements of EU competition law, largely on the basis of their domestic enforcement regimes. This combination of decentralization and enforcement autonomy raises questions about the relationship between EU law and national law, as well as about the costs of enforcement. Sanctions in EU Competition Law links these questions by analyzing how competences in the area of sanctions are distributed between EU and national law, and how this influences the costs of enforcement. The author's conclusions - which highlight the economic implications of the choices made by competition authorities, courts, and legislators - will be of use to all the above in further developing EU competition policy. The thesis on which this book is based was declared runner-up in the 2013 Concurrences Awards. (Series: Hart Studies in Competition Law)

Ein Ansatz zur Benutzerqualifizierung liegt darin, dem Benutzer ein moglichst breites Unterstiitzungsspektrum innerhalb von Anwendungssoftware zur Verfiigung zu stellen. Hierzu wurde ein generisches Modell erarbeitet, mit dem versucht wird, zwei zentrale Probleme zu losen: Die Integration einer weitestgehenden Benutzerunterstiitzung von der klassischen Hilfe bis hin zum Anbieten interaktiver kontext-sensitiver Lemeinheiten, direkt und unteilbar verbunden mit der Applikation und die Moglichkeit, Software auf unterschiedliche Arbeitsprozesse abzustimmen. Dies bedeutet, daB aus dem Spektrum der Gesamtfunktionalitat jeweils nur ein dem Arbeitsprozess zugeordneter Ausschnitt an Funktionalitat dem Benutzer zur Verfiigung gestellt wird. 5 Literatur Chin D N (1989) KNOME: Modeling What the User Knows in UC. In: Kobsa A, Wahlster W (ed) User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer Verlag, Berlin Coutaz J (1987) The Construction of User Interfaces and the Object Paradigm. In: Goos G, Hartmanis J (ed) ECOOP '87 European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. Springer Verlag, Berlin Deutsche Industrienorm 66234/8 (1984) Bildschirmarbeitsplatze -Grundsatze der Dialoggestaltung. Beuth Verlag, Berlin Deutsche Industrienorm 66280/1 (1986) Informationsverarbeitung -Gestaltung von maskenorientierten Dialogsystemen, Gestaltung von Masken, Entwurf 9/1986. Beuth Verlag, Berlin Greif S (1987) Ergebnisse des Projekts: Multifunktionale Buro-Software und Qualifizierung. Universitat Osnabrock Kobsa A, Wahlster W (ed) (1989) User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer Verlag, Berlin Norrie DH, Six H-W (ed) (1990) Computer Assisted Learning, Springer Verlag, Berlin Petri C A (1962) Kommunikation mit Automaten, Dissertation, TH Darmstadt Rathke C (1986) Reprasentation von Wissen in einer objektorientierten Sprache.

Hier wird erstmals eine umfassende und verstandliche Einfuhrung in das komplexe Gebiet der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion in Buro und Verwaltung gegeben. Behandelt werden folgende Fragen: Wie kann man neue Kommunikationstechniken in die betriebliche Praxis integrieren? Wie konnen dabei die Kriterien humaner Arbeitsgestaltung berucksichtigt werden? Wie kann die Software-Gestaltung dahingehend optimiert werden? Wie sollte ein adaquates Training speziell fur die Mensch-Computer-Interaktion aussehen? Welche sozialen Veranderungen werden durch die Einfuhrung neuer Kommunikationstechniken erwartet? Das Buch bietet trotz seines Lehrbuchcharakters eine stark praxisorientierte Einfuhrung in diesen Themenbereich."