Presenting the evolution of supplementary pensions over the past 25 years, this comprehensive book introduces the origin of pensions as a concept and explores the role that international organisations play within the field. It draws comparisons between different welfare states, reflecting upon current research and identifying new directions and ideas. Despite observing significant differences in the approaches to pension design, the book identifies common challenges, including the need to provide for an increasingly aging population, slow economic growth following the 2008 global financial crisis, the need for effective regulation, and increased labour market flexibility. Leading scholars analyse the experiences of a broad range of countries and offer insights into their responses to the numerous challenges faced by national pension systems. The book covers significant moments in pensions history following the World Bank's 1994 report on Averting the Old Age Crisis, and subsequent responses to challenges posed by longevity and economic crises. This book will be an ideal companion for academic researchers and financial law scholars interested in pensions and looking to develop an international perspective on the issue, as well as professionals in the pensions industry who are engaging with other countries and looking to develop their knowledge of overseas pension systems.

Western missionaries in China were challenged by something they could not have encountered in their native culture; most Westerners were Christian, and competitions in their own countries were principally denominational. Once they entered China they unwittingly became spiritual merchants who marketed Christianity as only one religion among the long-established purveyors of other religions, such as the masters of Buddhist and Daoist rites. A Voluntary Exile explores the convergence of cultures. This collection of new and insightful research considers themes of religious encounter and accommodation in China from 1552 to the present, and confronts how both Western Europeans and indigenous Chinese mitigated the cultural and religious antagonisms that resulted from cultural misunderstanding. The studies in this work identify areas where missionary accommodation in China has succeeded and failed, and offers new insights into what contributed to cultural conflict and confluence. Each essay responds in some way to the "accommodationist" approach of Western missionaries and Christianity, focusing on new areas of inquiry. For example, Michael Maher, SJ, considers the educational and religious formation of Matteo Ricci prior to his travels to China, and how Ricci's intellectual approach was connected to his so-called "accommodationist method" during the late Ming. Eric Cunningham explores the hackneyed assertion that Francis Xavier's mission to Asia was a "failure" due to his low conversion rates, suggesting that Xavier's "failure" instigated the entire Chinese missionary enterprise of the 16th and 17th centuries. And, Liu Anrong confronts the hybridization of popular Chinese folk religion with Catholicism in Shanxi province. The voices in this work derive from divergent scholarly methodologies based on new research, and provide the reader a unique encounter with a variety of disciplinary views. This unique volume reaches across oceans, cultures, political systems, and religious traditions to provide important new research on the complexities of cultural encounters between China and the West.

This book examines the unique relationships between seven important leaders in history--from Henry VIII to Martin Luther King, Jr.--and their principal advisors. Studying the common psychological themes in such relationships, as well as the consequences of the collaborations, Michael Maher traces the evolution of new styles of political leadership from absolutism through nationalism and socialism to the social advocacy developed by Martin Luther King and Ralph Abernathy. The book uncovers the complex systems each team creates and the way these systems evolve toward a point of impasse or gridlock that requires the emergence of a new political system. Written for the general reader interested in history, this unique, comparative approach will also appeal to the student of politics and management.

"LieutenantS" uncovers several recurring patterns in the partnerships of each leader and lieutenant. The book reveals how none of these lieutenants fully controls the forces they use, but merely manages or manipulates them for a time. Maher explores the often complementary personalities in the partnerships--one introspective, the other an extrovert; or older men with younger collaborators. He discusses the strongly developed sense of mission in each of the lieutenants, often greater than that of the leader. The book follows new models of leadership and political power created by these partnerships and reveals, even in the most abstract or altruistic appearance, the sense of power these lieutenants covet.

Recognize the homophobia and anti-gay violence in a respected institution The only study of its kind, Being Gay and Lesbian in a Catholic High School: Beyond the Uniform offers compelling evidence to Catholic educators, clergy, and laypeople that their superb academic institutions are not fulfilling the clear mandate of the Church on inclusive loving behavior toward sexual minorities. Yet the facts presented in Being Gay and Lesbian in a Catholic High School prove that too often they encourage or allow stereotyping, homophobia, and anti-gay violence.The experiences recounted in this disturbing book range from feeling differenct and being pressured to date the opposite sex to suffering life-changing violence. Virtually all the students, even the most deeply closeted, felt the negative effects of anti-gay jokes and verbal harassment. The most tragic experience in Being Gay and Lesbian in a Catholic High School is the story of a boy who was called "Sodomy" by his classmates. In his affluent suburban Catholic high school, he was routinely mocked, tormented, and physically assaulted--all with the knowledge of the teachers and administration. Driven to several suicide attempts, he was hospitalized for depression and finally dropped out.This powerful and moving book presents detailed information on the problem of homophobia in Catholic education, including: personal testimonies of gay and lesbian former Catholic high school students an original study of attitudes found among Catholic high school students on the topic of homosexuality an extensive summary of official Catholic teaching on homosexuality and homosexuals an analysis of the discrepancies between the prevailing attitudes and actions and the Church's official teaching solid theoretical background information on the psychology of gay teenagers discussions of experiences in same-sex, mixed-gender, and minor seminary high schools memories of sexual relationships with classmates and priestsThse painful tales from Catholic school alumni will disturb, enrage, and sadden you. With this poignant and insightful book, educators in public, private, and parochial shcools can explore new ways to change anti-gay attitudes and prevent anti-gay violence.

The fourteen papers in this volume, both unpublished and originally published between 1981 and 1990 offer a comprehensive selection of G. H. Lawson's work and discuss the following: assessing economic performance ownership value creation pricing of non-competitive government contracts valuation of a business measurement of corporate performance according to cash flow.

This bibliography presents a review of trends in management accounting research and a classified annotated listing of over 600 works in the area. It is intended to help the accounting researcher or student who wishes to review the development of the literature in management accounting over many years. The book traces this development from 1926 to 1982 through the primary academic journals. This review has focussed on accounting literature and includes only those works from outside the accounting literature that were seminal in defining and introducing a research area, and were frequently referenced in the accounting literature.

The fourteen papers in this volume, both unpublished and originally published between 1981 and 1990 offer a comprehensive selection of G. H. Lawson's work and discuss the following: assessing economic performance ownership value creation pricing of non-competitive government contracts valuation of a business measurement of corporate performance according to cash flow.

Western missionaries in China were challenged by something they could not have encountered in their native culture; most Westerners were Christian, and competitions in their own countries were principally denominational. Once they entered China they unwittingly became spiritual merchants who marketed Christianity as only one religion among the long-established purveyors of other religions, such as the masters of Buddhist and Daoist rites. A Voluntary Exile explores the convergence of cultures. This collection of new and insightful research considers themes of religious encounter and accommodation in China from 1552 to the present, and confronts how both Western Europeans and indigenous Chinese mitigated the cultural and religious antagonisms that resulted from cultural misunderstanding. The studies in this work identify areas where missionary accommodation in China has succeeded and failed, and offers new insights into what contributed to cultural conflict and confluence. Each essay responds in some way to the "accommodationist" approach of Western missionaries and Christianity, focusing on new areas of inquiry. For example, Michael Maher, SJ, considers the educational and religious formation of Matteo Ricci prior to his travels to China, and how Ricci's intellectual approach was connected to his so-called "accommodationist method" during the late Ming. Eric Cunningham explores the hackneyed assertion that Francis Xavier's mission to Asia was a "failure" due to his low conversion rates, suggesting that Xavier's "failure" instigated the entire Chinese missionary enterprise of the 16th and 17th centuries. And, Liu Anrong confronts the hybridization of popular Chinese folk religion with Catholicism in Shanxi province. The voices in this work derive from divergent scholarly methodologies based on new research, and provide the reader a unique encounter with a variety of disciplinary views. This unique volume reaches across oceans, cultures, political systems, and religious traditions to provide important new research on the complexities of cultural encounters between China and the West.

Recognize the homophobia and anti-gay violence in a respected institution!The only study of its kind, Being Gay and Lesbian in a Catholic High School: Beyond the Uniform offers compelling evidence to Catholic educators, clergy, and laypeople that their superb academic institutions are not fulfilling the clear mandate of the Church on inclusive loving behavior toward sexual minorities. Yet the facts presented in Being Gay and Lesbian in a Catholic High School prove that too often they encourage or allow stereotyping, homophobia, and anti-gay violence.The experiences recounted in this disturbing book range from feeling differenct and being pressured to date the opposite sex to suffering life-changing violence. Virtually all the students, even the most deeply closeted, felt the negative effects of anti-gay jokes and verbal harassment. The most tragic experience in Being Gay and Lesbian in a Catholic High School is the story of a boy who was called "Sodomy" by his classmates. In his affluent suburban Catholic high school, he was routinely mocked, tormented, and physically assaulted--all with the knowledge of the teachers and administration. Driven to several suicide attempts, he was hospitalized for depression and finally dropped out.This powerful and moving book presents detailed information on the problem of homophobia in Catholic education, including: personal testimonies of gay and lesbian former Catholic high school students an original study of attitudes found among Catholic high school students on the topic of homosexuality an extensive summary of official Catholic teaching on homosexuality and homosexuals an analysis of the discrepancies between the prevailing attitudes and actions and the Church's official teaching solid theoretical background information on the psychology of gay teenagers discussions of experiences in same-sex, mixed-gender, and minor seminary high schools memories of sexual relationships with classmates and priests Thse painful tales from Catholic school alumni will disturb, enrage, and sadden you. With this poignant and insightful book, educators in public, private, and parochial shcools can explore new ways to change anti-gay attitudes and prevent anti-gay violence.

Constraints have emerged as the basis of a representational and computational paradigm that draws from many disciplines and can be brought to bear on many problem domains. This volume contains papers dealing with all aspects of c- puting with constraints. In particular, there are several papers on applications of constraints, re?ecting the practical usefulness of constraint programming. The papers were presented at the 1998 International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 98), held in Pisa, Italy, 26{30 - tober, 1998. It is the fourth in this series of conferences, following conferences in Cassis (France), Cambridge (USA), and Schloss Hagenberg (Austria). We received 115 high quality submissions. In addition, 7 abstracts submissions were not followed by a full paper, hence were not counted as submissions. The program committee selected 29 high quality papers after thorough refereeing by at least 3 experts and further discussion by committee members. We thank the referees and the program committee for the time and e ort spent in reviewing the papers. The program committee invited three speakers: { Joxan Ja ar { Peter Jeavons { Patrick Prosser Their papers are in this volume."

This volume presents a collection of refereed papers reflecting the state of the art in the area of over-constrained systems.
Besides 11 revised full papers, selected from the 24 submissions to the OCS workshop held in conjunction with the First International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, CP '95, held in Marseilles in September 1995, the book includes three comprehensive background papers of central importance for the workshop papers and the whole field. Also included is an introduction by one of the volume editors together with a bibliography listing 243 entries. All in all this is a very useful reference book relevant for all researchers and practitioners interested in hierarchical, partial, and over-constrained systems.

This bibliography presents a review of trends in management accounting research and a classified annotated listing of over 600 works in the area. It is intended to help the accounting researcher or student who wishes to review the development of the literature in management accounting over many years. The book traces this development from 1926 to 1982 through the primary academic journals. This review has focussed on accounting literature and includes only those works from outside the accounting literature that were seminal in defining and introducing a research area, and were frequently referenced in the accounting literature.

Developing Skills for the classroom and beyond: Fundamentals of Cost Accounting lets the student see the development of cost accounting tools and techniques as a natural response to decision making. Using a procedural approach, the material in the text is presented from the perspective of both the preparer of information and the user of the information. This allows both accounting majors and those students planning other careers to appreciate the issues from both sides.

In these days it is difficult to find a good Catholic work on the subject of Psychology. Modern works are tainted with the errors of Modernism and Liberalism. This work from the turn of the century (nineteenth to twentieth) is a solid work on this most important subject. The author notes: My aim here, as in the previous editions, has been not to construct a new original system of my own, but to resuscitate and make better known to English readers a Psychology that has already survived four and twenty centuries, that has had more influence on human thought and human language than all other psychologies together, and that still commands a far larger number of adherents than any rival doctrine. My desire, however, has been not merely to expound but to expand this old system; not merely to defend its assured truths, but to test its principles, to develop them, to apply them to the solution of modem problems and to re-interpret its generalizations in the light of the most recent researches. I have striven to make clear to the student of modem thought that this ancient psychology is not quite so absurd, nor these old thinkers quite so foolish, as the current caricatures of their teaching would lead one to imagine: and I believe I have shown that not a little of what is supposed to be Dew has been anticipated, and that most of what is true can be assimilated without much difficulty by the old system. On the other hand, I have sought to bring the scholastic student into closer contact with modern questions; and to acquaint him better with some of the merits of modern psychological analysis and explanation.

Spiritual Development the Hard Way carves a pragmatic map for those who seek answers to the oldest questions of humanity. Beginning with the basic foundations of our condition, which cause any intelligent person a sense of entrapment, it explains the mechanisms, the process, and the landscape of escape from this entrapment. Using both new and ancient methods and concepts, it presents countless insights into all aspects of this journey to freedom. The primary focus of this book is on a comprehensive, practical array of techniques to employ in every aspect of life, offering creative and visionary guidance with glimpses of the final purpose of spiritual attainment.

This volume draws together essays by fourteen international scholars in the field of Aramaic and Syriac studies. It is published to pay fitting honour to Professor Martin McNamara, who has contributed so much to Targumic studies for almost forty years. The contributions in this collection reflect his interests in the study of the Targums, the development of the Aramaic language and early Jewish and Christian literature. Many of the contributors to this volume have worked with Professor McNamara in preparing volumes for the Aramaic Bible series, to which he has devoted so much time and energy.>