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This monograph explores the properties of passive and middle voice
constructions in Norwegian and Swedish, concentrating on the
linguistic variation related to these two constructions in Mainland
Scandinavian. At an empirical level, we provide a detailed
discussion of the morphosyntax and semantics of the two main types
of passives in both languages, lexical (s-) and periphrasitic
(bli-) passives. At a theoretical level, we propose an architecture
of the language faculty where exponents play a central role.
Exponents are selected to identify the structures generated by the
grammar and provide a platform that make these units interpretable
by the sensori-motor and conceptual-intentional interfaces.
Exponents this play an essential role in determining the
well-formedness of linguistic structures. We demonstrate how
different syntactic structures identified and lexicalized by
exponents in these two languages are capable of capturing the
microvariation observed in the voice systems of these two languages
in a straightforward way. The amount of linguistic information
(i.e., aspect and mood) identified by each exponent in each
language determines the types of complements and specifiers that
can be integrated into and lexicalized by a given exponent.
Although our approach shares certain affinities with other
neo-constructionist approaches, a novel proposal we advance in this
book is that exponents are housed in an intermediate level of
structure that exists between the narrow syntax and its external
interfaces. This exponency-level ( -structure) allows for a more
parsimonious theoretical analysis that does not sacrifice
descriptive adequacy.
This volume contains 13 original essays exploring Rammstein's stage
performance and recorded works from multiple academic perspectives.
Topics range from Rammstein's connection with 19th century German
literature and their East German heritage to cannibalism and the
supernatural. The panoramic view of approaches to Rammstein's music
and performance goes beneath the surface and provides fan and
scholar alike with a deeper appreciation for the band, paving the
way for further studies in the field of Rammstein-ology.
This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human
communication systems: the fact that words that go together in
meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. In the
sentence This is technology that most people think about, but
rarely consider the implications of, the word 'technology' is
interpreted as if it were simultaneously next to the words 'about'
and 'of'. This kind of long-distance dependency has been the
subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the
last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of
grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The
constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are
remarkably difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array
of constraints that have often defied characterization or proper
explanation. This work provides a detailed survey of these
constructions and the factors responsible for their creation and
comprehension, describes new experimental evidence that sheds light
on the nature of the phenomenon, and suggests new avenues for
future research. The volume will be of interest to graduate
students and researchers in the fields of morphosyntax,
psycholinguistics, and cognitive science.
This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human
communication systems: the fact that words that go together in
meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. In the
sentence This is technology that most people think about, but
rarely consider the implications of, the word 'technology' is
interpreted as if it were simultaneously next to the words 'about'
and 'of'. This kind of long-distance dependency has been the
subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the
last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of
grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The
constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are
remarkably difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array
of constraints that have often defied characterization or proper
explanation. This work provides a detailed survey of these
constructions and the factors responsible for their creation and
comprehension, describes new experimental evidence that sheds light
on the nature of the phenomenon, and suggests new avenues for
future research. The volume will be of interest to graduate
students and researchers in the fields of morphosyntax,
psycholinguistics, and cognitive science.
Although there have been numerous investigations of biolinguistics
within the Minimalist Program over the last ten years, many of
which appeal to the importance of Turing's Thesis (that the
structural design of systems must obey physical and mathematical
laws), these studies have by and large ignored the question of the
structural design of language. They have paid significant attention
to identifying the components of language - settling on a lexicon,
a computational system, a sensorimotor performance system and a
conceptual-intentional performance system; however, they have not
examined how these components must be inter-structured to meet
thresholds of simplicity, generality, naturalness and beauty, as
well as of biological and conceptual necessity. In this book,
Stroik and Putnam take on Turing's challenge. They argue that the
narrow syntax - the lexicon, the Numeration, and the computational
system - must reside, for reasons of conceptual necessity, within
the performance systems. As simple as this novel design is, it
provides, as Stroik and Putnam demonstrate, radical new insights
into what the human language faculty is, how language emerged in
the species, and how language is acquired by children.
This book investigates the morphosyntactic, semantic, and pragmatic
properties of language, and the interactions between them, from the
perspective of Optimality Theory. It integrates optimization
processes into the formal and functional study of grammar,
interpreting optimization as the result of conflicting, violable
ranked constraints. Unlike previous work on the topic, this book
also takes into account the question of directionality of grammar.
A model of grammar in which optimization processes interact
bidirectionally allows both language generation-the process of
selecting the optimal form of a given meaning-and language
interpretation-the process of optimal interpretation of a given
form-to be taken into account. Chapters in this volume explore the
consequences of both symmetric (unidirectional) and asymmetric
(bidirectional) versions of Optimality Theory, investigating the
syntax-semantics interface, first language acquisition, and
sequential bilingual grammars. The volume presents cutting edge
research in Optimality-Theoretic syntax and semantics, as well as
demonstrating how optimization processes as modelled in this
formalism serve as a viable approach for linguists and scholars in
related fields.
Although there have been numerous investigations of biolinguistics
within the Minimalist Program over the last ten years, many of
which appeal to the importance of Turing's Thesis (that the
structural design of systems must obey physical and mathematical
laws), these studies have by and large ignored the question of the
structural design of language. They have paid significant attention
to identifying the components of language - settling on a lexicon,
a computational system, a sensorimotor performance system and a
conceptual-intentional performance system; however, they have not
examined how these components must be inter-structured to meet
thresholds of simplicity, generality, naturalness and beauty, as
well as of biological and conceptual necessity. In this book,
Stroik and Putnam take on Turing's challenge. They argue that the
narrow syntax - the lexicon, the Numeration, and the computational
system - must reside, for reasons of conceptual necessity, within
the performance systems. As simple as this novel design is, it
provides, as Stroik and Putnam demonstrate, radical new insights
into what the human language faculty is, how language emerged in
the species, and how language is acquired by children.
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