This thesis describes novel approaches and implementation of high-resolution microscopy in the extreme ultraviolet light regime. Using coherent ultrafast laser-generated short wavelength radiation for illuminating samples allows imaging beyond the resolution of visible-light microscopes. Michael Zurch gives a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and techniques involved, starting from the laser-based frequency conversion scheme and its technical implementation as well as general considerations of diffraction-based imaging at nanoscopic spatial resolution. Experiments on digital in-line holography and coherent diffraction imaging of artificial and biologic specimens are demonstrated and discussed in this book. In the field of biologic imaging, a novel award-winning cell classification scheme and its first experimental application for identifying breast cancer cells are introduced. Finally, this book presents a newly developed technique of generating structured illumination by means of so-called optical vortex beams in the extreme ultraviolet regime and proposes its general usability for super-resolution imaging.

Terahertz (THz) radiation with frequencies between 100 GHz and 30 THz has developed into an important tool of science and technology, with numerous applications in materials characterization, imaging, sensor technologies, and telecommunications. Recent progress in THz generation has provided ultrashort THz pulses with electric field amplitudes of up to several megavolts/cm. This development opens the new research field of nonlinear THz spectroscopy in which strong light-matter interactions are exploited to induce quantum excitations and/or charge transport and follow their nonequilibrium dynamics in time-resolved experiments. This book introduces methods of THz generation and nonlinear THz spectroscopy in a tutorial way, discusses the relevant theoretical concepts, and presents prototypical, experimental, and theoretical results in condensed matter physics. The potential of nonlinear THz spectroscopy is illustrated by recent research, including an overview of the relevant literature.

"Concise Encyclopedia of Mexico" includes approximately 250 articles on the people and topics most relevant to students seeking information about Mexico. Although the "Concise" version is a unique single-volume source of information on the entire sweep of Mexican history-pre-colonial, colonial, and moderns-it will emphasize events that affecting Mexico today, event students most need to understand.

This thesis describes novel approaches and implementation of high-resolution microscopy in the extreme ultraviolet light regime. Using coherent ultrafast laser-generated short wavelength radiation for illuminating samples allows imaging beyond the resolution of visible-light microscopes. Michael Zürch gives a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and techniques involved, starting from the laser-based frequency conversion scheme and its technical implementation as well as general considerations of diffraction-based imaging at nanoscopic spatial resolution. Experiments on digital in-line holography and coherent diffraction imaging of artificial and biologic specimens are demonstrated and discussed in this book. In the field of biologic imaging, a novel award-winning cell classification scheme and its first experimental application for identifying breast cancer cells are introduced. Finally, this book presents a newly developed technique of generating structured illumination by means of so-called optical vortex beams in the extreme ultraviolet regime and proposes its general usability for super-resolution imaging.

Johann Georg Wille (1715-1808) was a German engraver from Hesse who settled in Paris in 1736 and practiced his art there until his death in 1808. He soon became the central figure in a wide-ranging network of correspondents extending across Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Denmark. His correspondence gives a precise chronology of his relations with artists (A.R. Mengs, C.W.E. Dietrich), writers (J.J. Winckelmann, S. Gessner), art patrons (C.L. von Hagedorn) and visitors to Paris. As such it represents an important document on European art and culture transfer in the second half of the 18th century.

A sweeping tour of the infrared universe as seen through the eyes of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope Astronomers have been studying the heavens for thousands of years, but until recently much of the cosmos has been invisible to the human eye. Launched in 2003, the Spitzer Space Telescope has brought the infrared universe into focus as never before. Michael Werner and Peter Eisenhardt are among the scientists who worked for decades to bring this historic mission to life. Here is their inside story of how Spitzer continues to carry out cutting-edge infrared astronomy to help answer fundamental questions that have intrigued humankind since time immemorial: Where did we come from? How did the universe evolve? Are we alone? In this panoramic book, Werner and Eisenhardt take readers on a breathtaking guided tour of the cosmos in the infrared, beginning in our solar system and venturing ever outward toward the distant origins of the expanding universe. They explain how astronomers use the infrared to observe celestial bodies that are too cold or too far away for their light to be seen by the eye, to conduct deep surveys of galaxies as they appeared at the dawn of time, and to peer through dense cosmic clouds that obscure major events in the life cycles of planets, stars, and galaxies. Featuring many of Spitzer's spectacular images, More Things in the Heavens provides a thrilling look at how infrared astronomy is aiding the search for exoplanets and extraterrestrial life, and transforming our understanding of the history and evolution of our universe.

Die Forderung wohltatiger und gemeinnutziger Zwecke durch Stifter und Mazene hatte im Kaiserreich Hochkonjunktur. In der traditionell stiftungsreichen Stadt Hamburg engagierte sich das alte Handelsburgertum ebenso wie die vielen wirtschaftlichen Aufsteiger. Michael Werner zeigt, welche Auswirkungen Krieg und Inflation, aber auch die verstarkte staatliche Wohlfahrtspolitik in der Weimarer Republik auf die Stiftungskultur hatten. Die totalitare Staatsauffassung im Nationalsozialismus veranderte die Rahmenbedingungen fur die Stiftungen noch einmal stark. So mussten Strategien entwickelt werden, um sich der kompletten Vereinnahmung durch den Staat zu entziehen."

'My concern is not to persuade people that they should stop eating. My hope is that they will begin to change their way of thinking, including the way they think about eating and drinking' - Michael Werner. In 1923, Therese Neumann, a nun in Southern Germany, stopped eating and drinking. Apart from the wafer given at Mass, she did not eat again, despite living for a further 35 years. Other similar cases have been reported over the years - often holy men from the East - and have taken on something of a mythical status. However, they remain obscure enough to be brushed aside by modern scientists. Michael Werner presents a new type of challenge to sceptics. A fit family man in his 50s, he has a doctorate in Chemistry and is the managing director of a research institute in Switzerland. In this remarkable account he describes how he stopped eating in 2001 and has survived perfectly well without food ever since. In fact, he claims never to have felt better! Unlike the people who have achieved this feat in the past, he is an ordinary man who lives a full and active life. Michael Werner has an open challenge to all scientists: 'Test me using all the scientific monitoring and data you wish!' In fact, he describes one such test here in which he was kept without food in a strictly monitored environment for ten days. Werner also describes in detail how and why he came to give up food, and what his life is like without it. This book features other reports from those who have attempted to follow this way of life, as well as supplementary material on possible scientific explanations of how one could 'live on light'.

Terahertz (THz) radiation with frequencies between 100 GHz and 30 THz has developed into an important tool of science and technology, with numerous applications in materials characterization, imaging, sensor technologies, and telecommunications. Recent progress in THz generation has provided ultrashort THz pulses with electric field amplitudes of up to several megavolts/cm. This development opens the new research field of nonlinear THz spectroscopy in which strong light-matter interactions are exploited to induce quantum excitations and/or charge transport and follow their nonequilibrium dynamics in time-resolved experiments. This book introduces methods of THz generation and nonlinear THz spectroscopy in a tutorial way, discusses the relevant theoretical concepts, and presents prototypical, experimental, and theoretical results in condensed matter physics. The potential of nonlinear THz spectroscopy is illustrated by recent research, including an overview of the relevant literature.

We are not powerless over our addictions, nor are we helpless victims of heredity, a disease, a spiritual malady, or a slew of character defects that require the intervention of a "higher power," and a lifetime of meetings to control. Studies show that 75% of all addicts recover on their own, without pills, patches, rehabs, or self-help groups. How many people do you know who successfully quit smoking "cold turkey," without artificial aids or programs, and nicotine is one of the most addictive substances on earth.

People can recover on their own because they find ways of addressing the learned aspects of addiction that are driven by our reward system. Almost any activity we find pleasurable, from eating a chocolate chip cookie to hearing great music or seeing a beautiful face, can activate the reward system. Once aroused, these circuits enable our brains to encode the circumstances that led to the pleasure, so we can repeat the behavior and the reward in the future.

Over time, the pleasure becomes misery, but we now have little choice but to continue because the behaviors and belief systems that drive our addiction have become well-learned, deeply ingrained habits. The journey to addiction begins with our receiving positive reinforcement from use of the drug - it makes us feel good, and ends with the "gotta have its" screaming in our ear. For some, it seems like a hopeless situation, but the vast majority of us find a solution to the problem, and so can you.

Just as we learn to become addicted, we can learn to make the necessary changes to our thoughts and beliefs that will relieve us of the burden of our addictions for a lifetime, not just a day-at-a-time. Powerless No Longerwill help you learn to take advantage of your brain's natural ability to rewire itself, its neuroplasticity, to overcome your addictive behavior and reach your full potential.

Powerless No Longer is for anyone who is concerned about an addictive behavior problem and is looking for help deciding upon a course of action. The book introduces a newcomer to the science of addiction, the process of change, and specific methods and tools that offer a way out.

If you are questioning your own drug and alcohol use, or have tried 12-step programs and not succeeded, Powerless No Longer is for you. If you believe you are "powerless" over your addiction, you will see evidence proving that this is not true. Powerless explains the self-change methods that work for the majority of addicts who recover on their own, and shows you how to apply these principles in your own recovery. Powerless combines in one place:

- A detailed explanation of the bio/psycho/social aspects of addiction

- The research and studies that show how most people recover

- A comprehensive review of current recovery methods, and

- Suggestions you can use to take what's available and build a recovery program that fits your own needs

There is no single drug, method, or program that works for everyone under all conditions and circumstances. In other words, there is no "silver bullet" for addiction, and Powerless No Longer doesn't claim to be one either. There are almost as many paths to successful recovery as people who have recovered, and no single group or method has the only ticket. However, there are certain commonalities in the methods used by study subjects who quit on their own, and a huge body of scientific evidence indicating what does work for most people most of the time. That's what you will find in Powerless No Longer-choices, not a rigid framework of inflexible dogma.

You do need to tap into a source of power and strength, but it isn't outside, it's internal. If you possess a genuine desire to effect self-change, you have within yourself all the power you need, and PNL can help you unlock it.

Golf stories are funny, caddie stories are hilarious Caddy Tales is proof of this statement. Scott has done an outstanding job of putting a few of his actual caddying experiences on paper which allows the reader to feel like they are sitting in the same room reliving the stories. These tales capture the comedy that ensues when the golf gods shake the elite and private members to their core. 33 million people play golf in the United States every year, yet less than 1% of them will have ever taken a caddie. The 99 % that do take caddies are not your PGA Tour Pro's or Professional golfers. They are members and resort guests that shoot an average of 95. Caddy Tales is a unique one of a kind book which tells the hysterical stories that develop when people from all walks of life take a caddie.