This book comprises a course in differential equations, which students of engineering, physics, and mathematics complete as a requirement of bachelor in science degree. The reader must possess basic skills in calculus, since all elementary differentiations and integrations in this book assume that the student could visually spot the derivation from previous years in high school or college. The book is organized in the logical fashion as presented to college students. The ordinary differential equations (o.d.e.) are first studied in great details, since partial differential equations (p.d.e.) must be rendered ordinary by separation of variables so as yield meaningful solution. When separation of variables is untenable (such as in nonlinear partial differential equations), then referrals to numerical solutions are given. Within the scope of o.d.e., first- and second-order differential equations are discussed in details, also since equations of higher orders could be reduced in order by successive methods of substitutions, discussed in the book. Also, within the scope of o.d.e., equations with constant coefficients are dealt with greater details, since variable coefficients could be rendered constants by interim substitutions and reverse substations. Also, dealt with is the reduction of higher degrees of variables to lesser degrees. The following is a brief outline of the topics discussed in the book: Separable exact o.d.e oHomogeneous first-order o.d.e. oHomogenizing first-order o.d.e. with quadratic polynomial oCondition for a total derivative oSolving first-order o.d.e. by integrating factor oSolving first-order o.d.e. by product of two arbitrary functions g(x)f(x) oSolving first-order o.d.e. of higher degree by reduction of degree followed by using product of two arbitrary functions g(x)f(x) oSolving first-order o.d.e. of 2nd-degree by means of quadratic roots. oSolving first-order o.d.e. of 2nd-degree by substitutive reduction to 1st-degree oParametric integration of first-order o.d.e. of 2nd-degree to express y in terms of powers in y'. oGeneral solution of Clairaut's equation. oGeneral solution of Lagrange's equation. oOrthogonal curves of fluid flow. oOrthogonal projection of curves. oIsogonal projection of curves. oSolution of second-order o.d.e. by reducing it to first-order oSolution of second-order o.d.e. and higher degree by reducing it to first-order. oConditions required for general solution of homogeneous o.d.e. oReducing order of o.d.e. when a particular solution is know. oCharacteristic equations and solution of 2nd-order o.d.e. by D-Operator. oCharacteristic equations and solution of 2nd-order o.d.e. with complex roots. oGeneral and particular solutions of the non-homogenous 2nd-order o.d.e. oIntegrating 4th-order nonhomogeneous o.d.e. with sine function by using the Inverse D-Operator. oSimultaneous solution of 1st-order o.d.e. oSimultaneous solution of 2nd-order o.d.e. oOrder reduction of 3rd-order nonhomogeneous o.d.e. by known particular solution oSolving 2nd-order o.d.e by product of two arbitrary functions g(x)f(x). oSolution of 2nd-order nonhomogenous o.d.e. by the method of variable parameters oSolution by the method of change of the independent variable x oSolution of 2nd-order o.d.e. by power series. oSolution of 2nd-order o.d.e. by power series by Frobenius's method. oAiry-Levy's equation oElastic Vibration oHeat Equation oLaplace Equation oWave Equation oFree oscillation or homogeneous o.d.e. oForced oscillation or nonhomogeneous o.d.e. oEuler's elastic bending problem. oWhirling of elastic rod. oTransverse wave transmission in a vertical elastic body. oPropagation of sound waves in gas medium. oFlow of electricity in wire. oTelegraph Equations: oRadio Equations oHeat conducting plate with rectangular cross-section. oOne dimensional variable heat conduction oOne dimensional variable heat conduction with nonvanishing final temperature

This is the third book written by the author on the Egyptian Revolution. The other two books are: (1) "Chain Reaction: Egypt's Revolt 2011 Illustrated" and (2) "A Matter of FAITH: The Islamic Spring." The three books comprise the views of an Egyptian immigrant to the United Stated, left Egypt in 1984 while Mubarak was in power, never returned home due to Mubarak's pervasive corruption and destruction of Egypt. About ten million Egyptians face the same fate of the author of alienating the Nile Valley and never return. Many more millions of Egyptians could not flee from the grip of oppression and corruption of Mubarak, some drowned while attempting to arrive to the European shores. The only exceptions were Mubarak's two sons who were helped by their father to work abroad while their father squeezed the life out of 82 million remaining Egyptians. To be fair, Egypt has taken the path of decay and destruction soon after the 1967's war with Israel and as a result of Nasser's hard-headed politics of spreading revolution, nationalism, and socialism in the Middle East. Thus, Hosni Mubarak was stuck with the heavy burden of fixing failing state about which he lacked any experience in handling. Mubarak's iron-grip on Egypt was not loosened by revolutionary resistance as it was by his aging, detachment from reality, and his wife's delusion in inheriting Egypt to her son Gamal Mubarak. Gamal would have succeeded his father without much resistance had not saboteurs managed to instigate killings of civilians, which ignited tsunamis of anger and violence. The author described both the defunct regime of Mubarak and the newly elected Islamist regime from the point of view of a layman affected by his country politics from afar. In this book, the author adopts the same approach of pacing together the pieces of the puzzle of the military coup of the reverse revolution against Morsi, the newly elected president, and the return of Mubarak's old regime to power. The entire book depends entirely on news fed to the author's family connection in Egypt, open Internet sources, and daily news and interviews. It is written in the heat of the moment and carried all emotions towards a wounded nation and people by one of them living thousands of miles away. Islam Facts and Fiction And The Fight For Egypt CHAPTER 1: Facts Favoring Islam Figurative Verses of Quran Creator and Creatures Heaven and Hell The Vocalization of Quranic Verses Institutionalized Corruption State-Controlled Education Rewards and Punishment Unison in Nature The Rituals of Orderly Living CHAPTER 2: Fiction in the Practice of Islam Literal Mystification of Quranic Ideas Coptic Mystification of the Divine Al-Azhar's Mystification of the Divine Shia's Mystification of the Divine Laymen's Skepticism of the Mystification of the Divine Western Mystification of the Divine Implicating Quranic Verses in Prophetic Predictions Jews in Quran Secularism and Quran Shia and Quran Puritanical Salafis and Quran Wishful Faith Imposing Demands on the Divine Expecting the Divine to Restore Welfare Rejecting the Divine Altogether CHAPTER 3: Al-Azhar Sheikh Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy Sheikh Mahmoud Shaaban Sheikh Ahmed Al- Tayyib Sheikh Ali Goumaa CHAPTER 4: Muslim Brotherhood Clandestine Work Islamic Project Western mindset Stumbling Course Falling with Grace CHAPTER 5: Divine Science Doer, Death, Deeds Spirit and Matter CHAPTER 6: The Fight For Egypt Population Expansion versus Depletion of Resources Resisting Americanization Making A Tyrant Military Coup CHAPTER 7: Rabaa Al-Adawiya Massacres Rabaa Al-Adawiya alive Massacre Begins Shock and Disbelief Burning the mosque of Rabaa Al-Adawiya Unidentified dead bodies CHAPTER 8: Islamic Jihad The Duty of Jihad Tit For Tat Cairo's Resistance CHAPTER 9: Exiled Islamists Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Sheikh Wagdi Ghoneim Youssef Moustafa Nada CHAPTER 10: Egyptian Copts CHAPTER 11: El-Sissi's Strategic Vision DEMOCRACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This is a revised edition of the chapter on Laplace Transforms, which was published few years ago in Part II of My Personal Study Notes in advanced mathematics. In this edition, I typed the cursive scripts of the personal notes, edited the typographic errors, but most of all reproduced all the calculations and graphics in a modern style of representation. The book is organized into six chapters equally distributed to address: (1) The theory of Laplace transformations and inverse transformations of elementary functions, supported by solved examples and exercises with given answers; (2) Transformation of more complex functions from elementary transformation; (3) Practical applications of Laplace transformation to equations of motion of material bodies and deflection, stress, and strain of elastic beams; (4) Solving equations of state of motion of bodies under inertial and gravitational forces. (5) Solving heat flow equations through various geometrical bodies; and (6) Solving partial differential equations by the operational algebraic properties of transforming and inverse transforming of partial differential equations. During the editing process, I added plenty of comments of the underlying meaning of the arcane equations such that the reader could discern the practical weight of each mathematical formula. In a way, I attempted to convey a personal sense and feeling on the significance and philosophy of devising a mathematical equation that transcends into real-life emulation. The reader will find this edition dense with graphic illustrations that should spare the reader the trouble of searching other references in order to infer any missing steps. In my view, detailed graphic illustrations could soothe the harshness of arcane mathematical jargon, as well as expose the merits of the assumption contemplated in the formulation. In lieu of offering a dense textbook on Laplace Transforms, I opted to stick to my personal notes that give the memorable zest of a subject that could easily remembered when not frequently used. Brief Outline of Contents: CHAPTER 1. THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION AND INVERSE TRANSFORMATION 1.1. Integral transforms 1.2. Some elementary Laplace transforms 1.3. The Laplace transformation of the sum of two functions 1.4. Sectionally or piecewise continuous functions 1.5. Functions of exponential order 1.7. Null functions 1.8. Inverse Laplace transforms 1.10. Laplace transforms of derivatives 1.11. Laplace transforms of integrals 1.12. The first shift theorem of multiplying the object function by eat 1.15. Determination of the inverse Laplace transforms by the aid of partial fractions 1.16. Laplace's solution of linear differential equations with constant coefficients CHAPTER 2. GENERAL THEOREMS ON THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 2.1. The unit step function 2.2. The second translation or shifting property 2.4. The unit impulse function 2.5. The unit doublet 2.7. Initial value theorem 2.8. Final value theorem 2.9. Differentiation of transform 2.11. Integration of transforms 2.12. Transforms of periodic functions 2.13. The product theorem-Convolution 2.15. Power series method for the determination of transforms and inverse transforms 2.16. The error function or probability integral 2.22. The inversion integral CHAPTER 3. ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 4. DYNAMICAL APPLICATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS CHAPTER 5. STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS 5.1. Deflection of beams CHAPTER 6. USING LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION IN SOLVING LINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 6.1. Transverse vibrations of a stretched string under gravity 6.2. Longitudinal vibrations of bars 6.3. Partial differential equations of transmission lines 6.4. Conduction of heat 6.5. Exercise on using Laplace Transformation in solving Linear Partial Differential Equations

This edition comprises the English-Arabic translation and analysis of the poetry of Ahmed Fouad Negm. The work of poet Ahmed Fouad Negm has sparked flashes from my past, as all his sceneries, vernacular, and intimate connection to the poorest peasants of Egypt revived my dormant memories as never before. Negm's brilliant and acute artistic senses enabled him to spare great traditional rituals from the sprawl of urbanization and global invasion of foreign cultures, throughout all corners of the universe. His unwavering expression of ideas, over many decades ahead of his own generation, has concluded mostly in realistic prophecies. That made the profane and rejected poet a true prophet of his era. The myth of how a poor orphaned city dweller could have expanded his knowledge, where many affluent figures of society failed to attain, invoked my deepest curiosity. The poem "Ward," or "Al Anbarra" in Arabic, is an emotional depiction of the salute of release of an imprisoned person by the prison guards. This is a traditional Opera-styled salute executed by all prison guards when a release order arrives "Al-Anbara" Waaaaaaaaaaard .. All hear me I Shook the dice.. Never aided me even once Gambled with dowry and tipping.. Over One Imprisonment for the free... Even was bitter Not once ..Reminded me with repentance of that turn Not once The first to the Prophet .. The second to Ayoub .. Third my solitude.. And the Fourth the fate of And the fifth..That bullied Must end up defeated The first, O Prophet liberator of man, the balsam for the afflicted and rescue of the oppressed Honored the class of men over all animals And raised the sword of guidance higher against tyranny And shouted O my people .. At all times Injustice if ever rules .. And right if ever demeaned Deprives you of rain and harvest and civilization Seas turn thirsty - In man and plants Snakes run loose.. Vultures fill skies Ruin falls on the mountain and the valley and the plains Light parts skies.. Moon's face disappear Sight lost in blindness and darkness and grief And fear topples humans by the cruelty of the jailer People fear each other ..Scare Sultan The Second, I said, Ayoub and I are two examples Ayoub when afflicted...Ayoub persevered two days Stories about Ayoub gave him two names Considered amongst prophets and illuminators together And my patience here ..in the asylum is two My patience for snatching me ..from knowledge and love My patience on ..the rule of the age The bully among us rules ..and the bully's rule shame Rule of animals over men ..rule of two horns I swear by the grave of prophet ..Mohamed with his straight eyes One day, will be erected..two scales not one I look with satisfaction for ..justice in the two scales And the Third, my solitude ..in the world of bullies The bully is protected.. the free is afflicted The jerk when empowered ..hired few drummers Hustlers, imposters, thieves, and muggers Those who love the prophet ..give another applause Dancing spread in the country right and left Flesh exposed.. Rose above words Sounds of tunes unheard..Lyrics of poetry unnoticed Strangulated words of sons..Tunes of bracelets One for the one God Two for the seriousness of Hussein Three for the misery of envy Four for the printing ink Five for my living will Six for coming tomorrow Seven for my broken heart Eight for the wanting of fellows Nine for the world at large Ten for the traitor insect I inform all of you that the prison is a fence .. I inform all of you that the thought is a light I inform all of you that the prison is senile I inform all of you that its door is fragile I inform all of you that the revolution is a thought I inform all of you that it will become a memorial I promise all of you that the gathering is tomorrow And the light within us and you.. Friends.

Table of Contents 1. Why It Took So Long? 2. Why Bearded Islamists? 3. Are Islamists Vampires? 4. Can Democracy Feed The Hungry? Educate The Illiterate? Shelter The Homeless? 5. Faith as a Hindrance to Progress? 6. Do Islamists Have Secret Plot To Take Over The World? 7. Could Islamists Use State Power Properly? 8. Could Islamists Change The Perception Of The West Of Islam? 9. Is Democracy Congruent With Shura? 10. Could Islamists Sanction Modernity? 11. New Islamic Constitution CONSTITUTION PREAMBLE Principles PART I: STATE AND SOCIETY Chapter One: Political principles Chapter Two: Moral and political rights Chapter Three: Economic Principles PART II: RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS Chapter One: Personal rights Chapter Two: Moral and political rights Chapter Three: Economic and social rights PART III: PUBLIC AUTHORITIES Chapter One: Legislative authority Chapter Two: Executive Authority Chapter Three: The Judicial Authority Chapter Four: Local Administration Chapter Five: National Security and Defense PART IV: INDEPENDENT BODIES AND REGULATORY AGENCIES Chapter One: Common provisions Chapter Two: Regulatory Agencies Chapter Three: The Economic and Social Council Chapter Four: The National Electoral Commission Chapter Five: Independent bodies PART V: FINAL AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS Chapter One: Amendments to the Constitution Chapter Two: General Provisions Chapter Three: Transitional Provisions 12. Proposed Jewish Constitution Preamble National Homeland Basic Principles of the State Civil and Human Liberties The National Home of the Jewish People The President of the State The Legislative Authority The Executive Authority The Judiciary The State Comptroller The Status of the Constitution and Other Legislation

This is a revised edition of the chapter on Complex Variables, which was published few years ago in Part II of My Personal Study Notes in Advanced Mathematics. In this edition, I reproduced, refined, and enhanced all the calculations and graphics in a modern style of representation. In addition, I re-typed the cursive scripts of the personal notes and edited the typographic errors. In the editing process, I added plenty of comments on the underlying meanings of the arcane equations, such that the reader could discern the practical weight of each mathematical formula. In a way, I attempted to convey a personal sense and feeling on the significance and philosophy of devising a mathematical equation that transcends into real-life emulation. When equations deviate clearly from traditional algebraic patterns, I attempted to help the reader to understand how non-algebraic problems could be solved graphically and through programmed numerical iteration. The reader will find this edition dense with graphic illustrations, made even for the simplest configurations that should spare the reader the trouble of searching other references in order to infer any missing steps. In my view, detailed graphic illustrations could sooth the harshness of arcane mathematical jargon, as well as expose the merits of the assumptions contemplated in the formulation. In lieu of offering a dense textbook on Complex Variables, I opted to stick to my personal notes that give the memorable zest of a subject that could easily fade away in the mind when not frequently used 1. Introduction to complex numbers 2. Theory of functions of complex variables 2.1. The real and imaginary parts of a complex number 2.2. Complex number as vectors 2.3. Modulus and Argument of a complex number 2.4. Cartesian and Polar representation of complex numbers 2.5. Pure Real and Imaginary numbers 2.6. Representation of complex numbers on a Riemann Sphere 3. Algebraic operations on complex numbers 3.1. Addition of complex numbers 3.2. Reciprocal of a complex number 3.3. The product of complex numbers 3.4. Division of complex numbers 3.5. The nth roots of complex numbers 3.6. Conjugate complex numbers 3.7. Polynomials of complex numbers 3.8. Rational Functions of complex numbers 3.9. Exponential Functions of complex numbers 3.10. Hyperbolic Functions of complex numbers 3.11. Trigonometric Functions of complex numbers 3.12. Logarithmic Functions of complex numbers 3.13. Inverse Hyperbolic Functions of complex numbers 3.14. Inverse Trigonometric Functions of complex numbers 3.15. Complex Exponent Functions of complex numbers 3.16. Algebraic and Transcendental Functions of complex numbers 3.17. Definition of Limit of complex functions 3.18. Continuity of complex functions 4. Conformal Mapping 4.1. Jacobian or rates of change of x, y, on u, v 4.2. Example of mapping complex functions z ( x, y ) on a quadratic function w (u, v) 4.3. The Transformation of w (u, v) = exp z (x, y)] 4.4. The Transformation of w (u, v) = cosh z (x, y)] 5. Inverse Transformation 5.1. Inverse transformation of a line on a point on same line 5.2. Inverse transformation of a line on a point not on same line 5.3. Inverse transformation of a circle on a point on same circle 5.4. Inverse transformation of a circle on a point not on same circle 5.5. Inverse transformation of angle between two curves 5.6. Operations involved in the inverse transformation of curves 5.7. Summary of bilinear transformation of lines and circles 6. Series of complex numbers 6.1. Convergence of a series of complex numbers 6.2. Power Series of complex variables 6.3. Circle of convergence 6.4. Line Integral of a function of complex variables 7. Cauchy's Theorem 7.1. Isolating singularities with Cauchy's problems 7.2. Poles of singular functions 7.3. Cauchy's Theorem of Residue 7.4. Cauchy's Integral formula 8. Taylor's and LAURENT'S expansions

Special Functions Fourier Transforms Laplace Transforms Chapter 7: SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 1. Gamma Functions 2. Beta Functions 3. Bessel Functions 3.1. Bessel equation for zero order 3.2. Properties of Bessel functions 3.3. Bessel functions of order one (n = 1) 3.4. Relationships between Bessel functions of orders zero and one 3.5. Lammel' s integrals 3.6. Fourier-Bessel expansions of zero order 3.7. Vibration of uniformly stretched membrane 3.8. Application of Bessel functions on conduction of heat 3.9. Modified Bessel function of zero order 3.10. Bessel and Kelvin functions 3.11. Bessel functions of any real order 3.12. Bessel functions of integral order 3.13. Bessel coefficients 3.14. Recurrence formulae 3.15. Bessel function as integrals 3.16. The Bessel functions of order n of the third kind (Hankel functions of order n) 4. Legendre functions 4.1. Alternative definition of Legendre polynomials 4.2. Legendre's recurrence formulae 4.3. Integral properties of Lagendre polynomial 4.4. The associated Legendre functions. 4.5. Applications of Legendre functions 5. Exercises on special functions Chapter 8: Fourier transforms 1. Fourier series and harmonic analysis 2. Fourier theorem 3. Preliminary integrals used in Fourier transforms 4. Determination of the coefficients of the Fourier expansion 5. Examples of Fourier transformations 6. Fourier expansions in cosines only 7. Fourier expansions in sines only 8. Fourier expansions in even harmonics 9. Fourier expansions in odd harmonics 10. Summary of common Fourier transforms 11. Practical Fourier Analysis Chapter 11: Laplace Transforms 1. The Laplace Transformation 2. General Theorems on the Laplace Transformation 2.1. The unit step function 2.2. The second translation or shifting property 2.3. Application of the shift theorem to the solution of difference and differential equations 2.4. The unit impulse function 2.5. The unit doublet 2.6. The behavior of f(s) as s tends to infinity. 2.7. Initial value theorem 2.8. Final value theorem 2.9. Differentiation of transform 2.10. Application of the differentiation of Laplace transform to the solution of linear differential equations with coefficients as polynomials in t. 2.11. Integration of transforms 2.12. Transforms of periodic functions 2.13. The product theorem-Convolution 2.14. Application of the product theorem to the solution of differential and integral equations 2.15. Power series method for the determination of transforms and inverse transforms 2.16. The error function or probability integral 2.17. The sine-integral function Si(t) 2.18. The Cosine -integral function Ci(t) 2.19. The exponential integral function 2.20. Evaluation of definite integrals using the Laplace transformation 2.21. The Heaviside's expansion formulae 2.22. The inversion integral 2.23. Formulae for residues 2.24. Inversion in the case of branch points 2.25. Miscellaneous Examples on Laplace Transform 2.26. Exercises on Laplace Transforms 3. Electrical Applications of the Laplace Transformation 4. Dynamical Applications of Laplace Transforms 5. Structural Applications 5.1. Deflection of beams 5.2. Exercises on Laplace Transform in practical applications 6. Using Laplace Transformation in solving Linear Partial Differential Equations 6.1. Transverse vibrations of a stretched string under gravity 6.2. Longitudinal vibrations of bars 6.3. Partial differential equations of transmission lines 6.4. Conduction of heat 6.5. Exercise on using Laplace Transformation in solving Linear Partial Differential Equations

This volume encompasses three chapters from my personal study notes which covers all courses and notes in my study of Nuclear Engineering, from high school throughout my post-doctorate associateship. CHAPTER 14: ARTIFICIAL TRANSMUTATION TECHNIQUE FOR PRODUCING SUITABLE AGENTS OF TRANSMUTATION VAN DE GRAAFF ELECTROSTATIC HIGH TENSION GENERATOR COCKCROFT AND WALTON TENSION MULTIPLIER RESONANCE ACCELERATOR-CYCLOTRON MORE POWERFUL PARTICLE-ACCELERATING MACHINES METHOD OF SCINTILLATIONS METHOD OF CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS MAGNETIC SPECTROGRAPH METHOD IONIZATION CHAMBER METHOD COUNTER METHOD CLOUD CHAMBER METHOD PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION METHOD CERTAIN PROMINENT TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS 1. THE NEUTRON 2. ARTIFICIAL OR INDUCED RADIOACTIVITY 3. NUCLEAR FISSION THE REACTOR OR PILE THE ATOM BOMB (1) Source of stellar energy (2) The hydrogen bomb (3) The rigged H-bomb (4) Controlled thermonuclear reaction CHAPTER 15: COSMIC RAYS A. The cosmic ray ionization chamber B. The coincidence counters C. The scintillation counters D. The counter controlled cloud chamber E. The photographic emulsion method F. The bubble chamber method 7. THE ABSORPTION OF COSMIC RAYS IN MATTER 8. MEASUREMENT OF THE ENERGY OF COSMIC RAYS 9. THE POSITRON 10- THE MESOTRON 11. COSMIC RAY SHOWERS 12. HEAVY PARTICLE COMPONENTS OF COSMIC RADIATION A. Primary cosmic rays B. Secondary cosmic rays C. Cosmic ray stars 13. NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF COSMIC RADIATION 14. ORIGIN OF COSMIC RAYS CHAPTER 16: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE NUCLEUS 1. STRUCTURE OF NUCLEI A. Theories of nuclear composition (a) The proton-electron theory (b) The proton-neutron theory (c) The neutron-positron theory (d) The negative proton-neutron theory A. NUCLEAR METHODS B. ELECTRIC METHODS 3. NUCLEAR MASS 4. NUCLEAR CHARGE 5. NUCLEAR QUANTUM STATES 6. NUCLEAR STATISTICS 7. NUCLEAR SPIN AND MAGNETIC MOMENT (i) ANALYSIS OF THE HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN ATOMIC SPECTRA (a) Counting the number of hyperfine components (b) Measuring the relative separations of the members of a state cluster (c) Measuring the relative intensities of the components of the hyperfine pattern (d) Counting the number of hyperfine components in Zeeman effect (ii) METHOD OF ALTERNATING INTENSITIES IN BAND SPECTRA (iii) MAGNETIC DEFLECTION OF MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC BEAMS (iv) STUDY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRA (v) ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE SPECTRA BIBLIOGRAPHY

This volume encompasses five chapters from my personal study notes which covers all courses and notes in my study of Nuclear Engineering, from high school throughout my post-doctorate associateship. CHAPTER 9: The Wave Nature of Matter The Wave Nature of Matter DE BROGLIE'S CONCEPT OF MATTER WAVES EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MATTER WAVES EXPERIMENTS OF DAVISSON AND GERMER EXPERIMENTS OF G. P. THOMSON THEORETICAL STUDY OF MATTER WAVES QUANTUM MECHANICS Matrices Algebra 1. THE CORPUSCULAR CONCEPT OF MATTER 2. THE TRANSFORMATION THEORY WAVE MECHANICS PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF the wave function PRINCIPLE OF INDETERMINACY CRITICISM OF THE THEORY OF MATTER WAVES CHAPTER 10: Quantum Statistics Principles of statistical mechanics Calculus of probabilities and its laws CLASSICAL STATISTICS APPLICATIONS OF THE QUANTUM STATISTICS A. Bose-Einstein statistics 1. Black body radiation 2. Gas degeneration B. Fermi-Dirac statistics 1. Electron theory of metals 2. Thermal and electrical conductivities 3. Thermoelectricity 4. Thermionic effect 5. Photoelectric effect 6. Contact potential difference (Volta effect) 7. Paramagnetism of the alkali metals CRITICISM OF THE QUANTUM STATISTICS CHAPTER 11: The Atom SPECIAL UNITS USED IN ATOMIC PHYSICS The Electronic Structure of the Atom The Atom Models THOMSON ATOM MODEL RUTHERFORD NUCLEAR ATOM MODEL EXPERIMENTS ON THE SCATTERING OF ALPHA PARTICLES BOHR ATOM MODEL ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE ORIGIN OF SPECTRAL LINES Bohr's theory of the origin of spectral lines 1. Spectrum of the singly ionized helium 2. Determination of the ratio of the mass of the electron to that of the proton: m/MH 3. The discovery deuterium or heavy hydrogen of mass number two APPLICATIONS OF BOHR'S THEORY EXCITATION AND IONIZATION OF ATOMS Methods of excitation of atoms EXPERIMENT OF DAVIS AND GOUCHER X-RAY SPECTRA SOME PECULIARITIES OF THE CHARACTERISTIC X-RAY SPECTRA X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTRA THE SOMMERFELD RELATIVISTIC ATOM MODEL VECTOR ATOM MODEL QUANTUM NUMBERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VECTOR MODEL OF THE ATOM MAGNETIC MOMENT DUE TO ORBITAL MOTION BOHR MAGNETON MAGNETIC MOMENT DUE TO ELECTRON SPIN ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE IN ATOMS ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS WITH THEIR MODERN SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATIONS Semiconductors and transistors FINE STRUCTURE OF SPECTRAL LINES OPTICAL SPECTRA Fine structure FINE STRUCTURE OF THE SODIUM D-LINE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE H-alpha LINE X-RAY SPECTRA ZEEMAN EFFECT DEBYE'S EXPLANATION OF THE NORMAL ZEEMAN EFFECT EXPLANATION OF THE ANOMALOUS ZEEMAN EFFECT PASCHEN-BACK EFFECT STARK EFFECT THE STARK PATTERN OF THE H-a LINE FORBIDDEN LINES IN ATOMIC SPECTRA Forbidden lines in nebular and auroral spectra EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION OF THE VECTOR MODEL STERN AND GERLACH EXPERIMENT GYROMAGNETIC EFFECT THE WAVE MECHANICAL ATOM MODEL SOLUTION OF SCHRODINGER'S EQUATION FOR THE ONE-ELECTRON ATOM SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE WAVE MECHANICAL THEORY 1. HYDROGEN AND HELIUM ATOMS 2. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS CHAPTER 12: Molecular Spectra Van der Waals type of binding Molecular Spectra Van der Waals type of binding Metallic binding Electric moments of molecules Size and shape of molecules Dissociation of molecules: heat of dissociation Franck-Condon principle MOLECULAR SPECTRA Theory of the rotation-vibration spectra Theory of the electronic band spectra PECULIARITIES OF CERTAIN BAND SPECTRA ISOTOPIC EFFECT IN MOLECULAR SPECTRA RAMAN EFFECT APPLICATIONS OF THE RAMAN EFFECT IN PHYSICS APPLICATIONS OF THE RAMAN EFFECT IN CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE SPECTROSCOPY Chapter 13: Modern Problems of Radioactivity Modern Problems of Radioactivity The Nucleus of the Atom RADIATIONS FROM NATURAL RADIOELEMENTS Alpha disintegration Beta disintegration Gamma-ray emission SPECTRA OF THE RADIATIONS FROM NATURAL RADIOELEMENTS GAMMA RAY SPECTRA Nuclear energy levels ALPHA RAY SPECTRA BETA RAY SPECTRA The cloud chamber method Theoretical interpretation of the beta-ray continuum

This volume encompasses eight chapters from my personal study notes which cover all courses and notes in my study of Nuclear Engineering, from high school throughout my post-doctorate associateship. Great emphasis is added on the two theories of relativity where the author posed many critical questions regarding the optical definition of relative simultaneity which Einstein used to equate matter with energy through the relation E = mc . TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: ELECTRIC DISCHARGE THROUGH GASES 1.1. Electric Discharge under normal gas pressure Ionization Ionization by collision Disruptive discharge Sparking potential and pressure of gas Sparking potential and distance between electrodes Paschen's law Nature of discharge: Brush, spark and corona discharges Mobility of ions Mobility and Nature of the ions Mobility and Ionic Mass Mobility and Gas Pressure Mobility and Temperature Decay of the ions-Recombination 1.2. Electric Discharge under Low Gas Pressure Behavior of emission of radiation in discharge tube Discoveries of the cathode tube Cathode rays Positive rays X-rays Geissler tube Sodium vapor lamp Mercury vapor lamp Fluorescent lamps CHAPTER 2: THE ELECTRON . CHARGE TO MASS RATIO (e/m) Thomson's Method CHARGE OF THE ELECTRON Methods using the Cloud Chamber Wilson Cloud Chamber Thomson's cloud chamber experiment H.A. Wilson's experiment Millikan's oil drop method MASS OF THE ELECTRON RADIUS OF THE ELECTRON CHAPTER 3: THE ELECTRON THEORY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN METALS THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY THERMOELECTRIC EFFECTS Seebeck effect Peltier effect Thomson effect MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Methods of measuring magnetic susceptibility Faraday method Curie magnetic balance Gouy method Rowland method Diamagnetism Paramagnetism Ferromagnetisms Variation of magnetization with field Magnetic properties of alloys Heusler alloys Magneto-striction Magneto-thermal effects THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS Langevin's theory of diamagnetism Langevin's theory of paramagnetism Weiss molecular field theory of paramagnetism Weiss theory of ferromagnetism ZEEMAN EFFECT CRITICISM OF THE ELECTRON THEORY MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRON EMISSION THERMIONIC EMISSION The Schottky effect Cold emission The shot effect 3.8.2. PHOTOELECTRIC EMISSION 3.8.3. PRACTICAL APPLIANCES OF ELECTRON BEAMS 3.8.3. I. THERMIONIC VALVES CHAPTER 4: POSITIVE RAYS POSITIVE RAYS THOMSON'S PARABOLA METHOD OF POSITIVE RAY ANALYSIS ASTON'S MASS SPECTROGRAPH DEMPSTER'S MASS SPECTROGPAPH BAINBRIDGE'S MASS SPECTROGRAPH NIER'S MASS SPECTROGRAPH BAINBRIDGE AND JORDAN DOUBLE-FOCUSING MASS SPECTROGRAPH THE ISOTOPIC CONSTITUTION OF ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: X-Rays X-Rays PRODUCTION AND DETECTION OF X-RAYS The betatron The ionizing power of X-rays WAVE NATURE OF X-RAYS EXPERIMENT OF LAUE, FRIEDRICH AND KNIPPING EXPERIMENTAL METHODS OF MEASURING FOR X-RAYS CRYSTAL X-RAY SPECTROMETER RULED GRATING X-RAY SPECTROGRAPH ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF X-RAYS THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALS CHAPTER 6: RADIOACTIVITY RADIOACTIVITY DISCOVERY OF RADIOACTIVITY INITIAL RESEARCHES ON RADIOACTIVITY FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT OF THE CONSTANTS OF RADIOACTIVE DISINTEGRATION RADIOACTIVE TIME SCALES ALPHA RAYS BETA-RAYS BECQUEREL'S EXPERIMENT KAUFMANN'S EXPERIMENT BUCHERER'S EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT OF GUYE AND LAVANCHY GAMMA-RAYS WAVELENGTHS OF THE GAMMA-RAYS USES OF RADIOACTIVITY CHAPTER 7: THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY ORIGIN OF THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY MICHELSON-MORLEY EXPERIMENT TROUTON-NOBLE EXPERIMENT EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF RELATIVITY SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS OF THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY CHAPTER 8: THE QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION THE QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION The classical electromagnetic wave theory QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION QUANTA OR PHOTONS The photoelectric effect MILLIKAN'S EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT OF MAURICE DE BROGLIE The Compton effect CRITICISM OF THE QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIAT

The Anatomy of Tyrants By Mohamed F. El-Hewie The book dissects the common features of eleven military tyrants that changed the history in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It looks into the personal outlook and appearances, the behavior and actions, and the strategic plans and purposes of those characters. Adolf Hitler Arial Sharon Bin Laden Fidel Castro Hosni Mubarak Joseph Stalin Kim Jong Muaammar Qaddafi Napoleon Bonaparte Saddam Hussein Slobodan Milosevic

Chain Reaction: Egypt's Revolt 2011 Illustrated The 2011's Egyptian revolt is illustrated in the context of the trend of events since the establishment of Israel in 1948 during King Farouk's reign in Egypt, followed by Naser's revolution, Sadat's peace treaty with Israel and his assassination by the Muslim Brotherhood, the capture and execution of Saddam, and ending by the ousting of Mubarak by his own people. King Farouk Gammal Abdel Naser 1952's revolution Jehan Sadat Moshe Dayan, Golda Meir, October 6, 1981, Khaled Al-Islambouli, Sadat's assassination, February 11, 2011, Omar Suleiman, Minister of information, Financial involvements, Barak Obama travel Egypt, Hillary Clinton, Change of history, Obama's approach to crooks and despots, Frank Wisner, Jimmy Carter, George Bush, American President leading, No dialogue until Mubarak is gone, Egyptians in Qatar, Egyptians abroad and the flag, No to police state, Tearing Mubarak's poster, Shaking hands with Shimon Perez, Ariel Sharon devoted his entire life promoting apartheid, The Massacre of Sabra and Shatilla, The image that shocked the world, Saddam's ceremonial trail, God Is Great, Men and women waving the flag of Egypt, Tahrir Square's art work, Tahrir Square, the two tanks, Tanks in Tahrir Square, The Egyptian people, Tahrir Square or the Square of Liberation, Wedding on the background of a tank, Tahrir Square on the 18th day of revolt, His wife is pregnant, and his future son does not want to see Mubarak, Hunger and poverty, Blood sucker, The people want to try the killer president, Martyr till you leave, One nation in the great fight for destiny, Poem: "Leave" means depart, don't you get it?, Sell the Nile and the Dam, The revolution of Tunisia, Social justice and liberty, Egypt riots turned violent as Mubarak's supporters, Mubarak's regime and the government employees, Riot Police in Cairo, Tear gas, Street fighting, Stone throwing as a weapon, Organized revolution in the Tahrir Square, Praying in Tahrir Square during the revolt., Camping in Tahrir Square from January 25, Alexandria, Ramelah Square, Praying, revolting, in the company of the American made tanks, Gamal Abdel Nasser as an Egyptian hero, Nasser's funeral, Nassar brought confidence to the Egyptians, Nasser as an honest man, Gamal and his son Khaled, Yasser Arafat, Nikita Khrushchev's1964 visit to Alexandria., Peace with Israel, King Farouk's lazy and corrupt lifestyle, King Abd al-Aziz al-Saud and King Farouk of Egypt, Farouk with his wife Narriman

If you own Essentials of Weightlifting and Strength Training, by Mohamed F. El-Hewie, you do NOT need to purchase this abridged edition. The simple concept of axial strength training has its roots in the civil engineering of massive structures. The spine is the main axis of the human skeleton. As such, axial training emphasizes strengthening the low back, with every weight training or aggressive exercise that generates great momentum, such as running or jumping. The very basic secrets of axial training is exercising the low back, then the legs, then the shoulders in every exercise session. The variation and choices of exercises are subjective and individual and will evolve over the course of years as you gain deeper insight into the art and science of strength training. The essential role is the even distribution of strengthening over those three body regions, with the low back at the very center of attention. Anatomically, the spine is anchored to the pelvic girdle at the low back. On the top of the spine lies the shoulder girdle. Think about an anatomical musculoskeletal girdle as the cross roads of forces, from two limbs to the main axis or the spine. The pelvic girdle connects the forces of the lower limbs to the spine through the antagonistic hip flexors and extensors. The shoulder girdle connects the forces of the upper limbs to the spine through the flexors, extensors, elevators, and rotators of the shoulders. Each girdle has a massive bony structure through which forces link and divert course of action. The skull and the chest cage are the bony bases of the shoulder girdle. The ilium, sacrum, and pubic bones are the bony base of the pelvis girdle. Weightlifting balances the forces on those bone structures such that the body frame remains balanced during the explosive, ballistic muscular contraction. Like building a cathedral, from the ground, up, weightlifting training must stabilize the body frame on the stable feet arches. Even if you do not intend to perform aggressive sports, you have no choice in performing essential living chores, which entail explosive and ballistic muscular contraction. Examples of those essential biological functions are sneezing, coughing, bearing down, shouting, laughing, reacting to sudden and acute changes in visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli. Therefore, all people are required to perform aggressive muscular actions in order to stay mobile, safe, and capable of coping with the demands of living. All aggressive muscular contractions utilize the two anatomical musculoskeletal arches of the body: the spinal arch and the feet arch (or arc). The spinal arch, which is the subject of the book, shoots the head as an arrow during each explosive muscular contraction. Try to sneeze without shooting your head and fixing your lower back on stable ground. You seen realize that sneezing utilizes the archery function of the spine of fixing the low back as a base and energizing the head as an arrow. That aggressive sneezing action clears the respiratory passages from any lodged material and maintains the flow of gases between the body and the outside. Similarly, the feet arch performs the archery function of shooting the body mass upwards every time we shift our weight from one foot to the other. As you grow wiser in managing your training energy, you will learn to curtail your desire from over emphasizing one region than the others. In other words, performing few exercises with even proportion, over the low back, legs, and shoulders, is superior to performing very lengthy exercise list that emphasizes one region over the other two. The best example of the latter flawed training is the notorious fad of designating certain days of the week to exercise certain regions of the body. Here, the author would not endorse the isolation methodology as it defies the common sense of developing balanced musculoskeletal system. Mohamed F. El-Hewie

The transmission of forces from without to within solid medium comprises a mathematical challenge of utmost complexity. The sources of difficulties are as follows: 1. Surface indeterminate conditions 2. Medium indeterminate relationships 3- Spatial indeterminate continuity 4. Fixing and loading indeterminate conditions 5. Inertial rotational indeterminate equilibrium STATICS OF STRESS Navier's Partial differential equations of stress Surface conditions for projection of stress Cauchy's quadratic or surface of normal stresses Spherical stress tensor Stress deviator tensor Vanishing deviator of the first invariant of the GEOMETRY OF STRAIN Cauchy's equations for displacement, elongation, shear, and rotational strains General strain tensor Deviator and spherical strain tensors and invariants Cubic deviations of the third invariant of the relative strain tensor VOLUMETRIC HOOKE'S LAW The three components of Hooke's law Elastic properties of material Relationships between Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and Lame's coefficients Elastic potential energy LAME'S EQUATIONS OF CONTINUITY ELASTIC VIBRATION Vibration of unbound surfaces Longitudinal vibration Transverse vibration Harmonic longitudinal vibrations Vibration of bound surfaces TORSION, BENDING, AND SUSPENSION OF A BAR Pure shear stress Torsion of a circular bar Pure bending stress Suspension of a bar PLANE ELASTICITY PROBLEMS Plane strain approximations Modified Hooke's law for planar strains Planar stress approximations Hooke's law for planar stress Interpretation of Maurice Levy's equation Polynomial stress function Pure bending of cantilever Forced bending of cantilever Uniformly loaded beam supported at both ends Vertically loaded triangular dam Separation of variables or geometrical polynomials Beam with infinite span Cylindrical tube with infinite length Cylindrical polar radial Levy's stress function Lame's circular cylindrical tube Bending a circular ring Finite force applied on half plane Flamant Boussinesg BIHARMONIC EQUATION BiHarmonic equation of plane stress in polar cylindrical coordinates Variable separation constant TORSION OF PRISMATICAL BARS Prismatical Circular Cylindrical Bar Torsion of prismatical bars Ludwig Prandtl's shear stress function Fx, y Prismatical Elliptic Cylindrical Bar Complex stress and torsion functions Torsional angle or angle of twist Deformed crosssection contour Triangular Prismatical Bar Complex function representation of triangular geometry Prismatical bar with rectangular crosssection Membrane surface tension with Ludwig Prandtl's stress function GENERAL SOLUTION OF ELASTICITY PROBLEMS Beltrami Michell Equations Maxwell's stress functions Morera's stress functions Plane stress in cylindrical coordinates Harmonic equation Concentrated load on half space medium Distributed load on half space medium Filon's solution of plain stress problem by complex variables Airy stress function with complex harmonic function Elastic vibrational waves THIN SLAB SOLUTION BY PLANE APPROXIMATION Bending of rod versus bending of thin slab Sophie Germain's equation for bending and torsion of thin slab Elliptic plate Circular plate Rectangular plate Navier's method Levy's method VARIATIONAL METHOD OF SOLUTION IN PLANAR ELASTICITY Clapeyron's Theorem in Linear Elasticity Lagrange's geometrical variation Vibrational perturbation of displacements and strains Elastic body energy Virtual work done Plane crosssection approximations in thick media Lagrange's equation for threedimensional arbitrary body Castigliano's static variation Torsion of prismatical rod Castigliano's variation equation for torsion of rod Laplace's form of Castigliano's variation equation for torsion of rod Practical approximate solution of elasticity by method of variation of elastic energy Lame's problem of rectangular prism

The book introduces a prioritization scheme of choosing bodybuilding exercises during every training session with the main focus on BONE INTEGRITY and FUNCTIONAL BALANCE. Exercising every region in your body in every training session is a skill and art that you must master if you are serious about living long and healthy life. You can train every muscle every day, within reasonable training time, and at reasonable energy expenditure. Thinking spinal, thinking axial, and making your bone frame the focus of your physical activities will promote you soft tissues to thrive in a healthy system. Of those, your heart, lungs, and brain will thank you for your judicial planning of your resistance training routines. CHAPTER 1: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 1.1. THE SHORT CUT TO BUILD MUSCLES AND DEFORM YOUR BONE FRAME 1.2. THE KEY TO BONE INTEGRITY AND FUNCTIONAL BALANCE 1.3. THE SKELETON 1.4. MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES 1.5. ANTHROPOMETRY AND BIOMECHANICS 1.6. MUSCULAR TORQUE DURING LIFTING 1.7. KNEE EXTENSORS 1.8. HIP FLEXION 1.9. THE HIP ABDUCTORS 1.10. THE HIP ADDUCTORS 1.11. THE FEET BALANCERS 1.12. TORSO EXTENSORS 1.13. THE SHOOTERS 1.14. THE ARM PULLERS 1.15. THE PRESSORS 1.16. THE HOOK MUSCLE 1.17. THE ARM RAISERS AND DEPRESSORS 1.18. MUSCULAR IMBALANCE 1.19. POWER BOOSTING MODALITIES CHAPTER 2: WARM-UP & STRETCHING 2.1. INTRODUCTION 2.2. TRAPEZIUS STRETCHING 2.3. ASYMMETRIC SPINAL STRETCHING 2.4. SYMMETRIC SPINAL STRETCHING 2.5. IMPULSIVE, SYMMETRIC STRETCHING OF PELVIC AND SPINAL JOINTS 2.6. STATIC, ASYMMETRIC PELVIC STRETCHING 2.7. STATIC, SYMMETRIC STRETCHING OF KNEES AND ANKLES 2.8. STATIC, ASYMMETRIC STRETCHING OF LEGS 2.9. STRETCHING WITH LIGHT WEIGHTS CHAPTER 3: BODYBUILDING BASICS 3.1. ESSENCE OF BODYBUILDING 3.2. JUDGING CRITERIA 3.3. BODYBUILDING DIET 3.4. ANABOLIC STEROIDS 3.5. MUSCULAR ACTIONS 3.6. STRENGTHENING ELBOW FLEXORS 3.7. STRENGTHENING ELBOW EXTENSORS 3.8. STRENGTHENING THE SHOULDERS 3.9. SHOULDER ADDUCTION AND EXTENSION 3.10. STRENGTHENING THE HIPS 3.11. HIP EXTENSION 3.12. STRENGTHENING THE KNEES 3.13. HIGHLIGHTS OF CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER 4: BUILDING THE FRAME: THE PRIMARY ZONE 4.1. GOODMORNING BACK EXTENSION 4.2. STIFF-LEGGED DEADLIFT 4.3. CLASSICAL DEADLIFT 4.4.1. BACK SQUAT 4.5. MILITARY CLEAN 4.6. POWER CLEAN 4.7. HANG CLEAN 4.8. MILITARY SNATCH 4.9. POWER SNATCH 4.10. BENT-OVER ROWS 4.11. LEVER BENT-OVER ROW 4.12. ABDOMINAL EXERCISES CHAPTER 5: BUILDING THE BRIDGES: THE SECONDARY ZONE PART I: SHOULDERS 5.1. SHOULDER PRESS 5.2. SHOULDER ELEVATION 5.3. SHOULDER EXTERNAL ROTATION 5.4. FRONT RAISES 5.5. SHOULDER ABDUCTION PART II: CHEST 5.6. BENCH PRESS 5.7. PARALLEL BAR DIPS 5.8. SHOULDER FRONT ADDUCTION 5.9. PULLOVER PART III: BACK 5.10. LATISSIMUS DORSII EXERCISES 5.11. BENT-OVER ROWS PART IV: HIPS 5.12. HIP EXTENSION 5.13. HIP FLEXION 5.14. HIP ADDUCTION 5.15. CABLE AND MACHINE HIP ADDUCTION 5.16. HIP ABDUCTION 5.17. KNEE EXTENSION 5.18. KNEE FLEXION PART V: TORSO 5.19. TORSO AND LOW BACK CHAPTER 6: BUILDING THE TERMINALS: THE TERTIARY ZONE 6.1. BRACHIALIS MUSCLE 6.2. BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE 6.3. BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE 6.4. BRACHIORADIALIS MUSCLE 6.5. WRIST AND FINGER EXTENSORS 6.6. WRIST AND FINGER FLEXORS 6.7. ANKLE FLEXION (DORSAL FLEXION) 6.8. ANKLE EXTENSION (PLAN

The thought of publishing my personal study notes that covered fifteen years of undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral learning and research dates to the year 1969. The only difference between my forty year old thought and the present is the phenomenal invention and growth of the Internet and computer software. Then, our copy machines were run by ammonia deposits on chemically treated paper. The stencil tissues and engravers were the common tools for small size publication. None of those was economically viable during my years as student with total dependency on scholarships and family support. In 1986, after settling in Colorado Springs, Colorado, my elder sister volunteered to ship all my belonging from Egypt to the USA. A half-ton wooden box traveled from Alexandria, Egypt, to Houston, Texas, carrying all my handwritten notes and college textbooks. Then, the custom clearance and transportation between Texas and Colorado ran under $500. The kindness of my sister for risking the enormous troubles in dealing with the Egyptian bureaucratic exporting agencies was paralleled with the similar kindness of the America truck driver who had to drive through a residential apartment complex with an 18-wheeler, yet to find out that his truck was not equipped with a lift that could lower the half-ton container on the ground of the apartment complex. The driver allowed me an extra day to ready and leased fork lift from a local rental shop. Driving a forklift on the streets of Colorado Springs was one of many adventures I enjoyed in such beautiful Rocky town. By 1986, I already gathered more modern and elegant books in mathematics. But, my personal notes embodied a process of engraving the mathematical thinking into my neurons. My cursive writings and graphic illustrations during interactive learning with lecturers and independent home searching and preparation are vividly recorded into forty year old notes. Those include the theoretical subject matter, the examples that followed, and the challenging problems for exercising. I strove to keep the notes as complete as they developed during the learning process. My graphic approach to the interpretation of mathematically abstract concepts illustrates the mental development of my learning. The present study notes comprise linkable topics with bitmapped snips intermingled with searchable text and cover the following topics: 1: Gradient, Divergence and Curl 2: Gauss's and Stokes' Theorems 3: General Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates 4: Tensor Analysis 5: The Special Theory of Relativity 6: Matrices 7: Special functions 8: Fourier transforms .... CHAPTER 1: GRADIENT, DIVERGENCE AND CURL 1. Scalar and Vector fields 1.1. Definitions of scalar and vector fields 2. Continuity 3. Partial derivatives 4. Increments in point functions 5. Directional derivatives 6. The gradient of a scalar function 6.1. Direction of gradient vector 6.2. Practical Application of the gradient 6.2.1. Electrostatic field 6.2.2. Equipotential surface or level surface 6.2.3. Interpretation of the magnitude and direction of the gradient of a scalar field 6.2.4. Example of the gradient derivation 7. Line integrals 7.1. Application of linear integrals 8. Conservative Fields 8.1. Application on electrostatic field 8.2. Gradient of a single valued differentiable function 8.3. Gradient of a constant vector 9. The divergence of a vector 9.1. Interpretation of divergence of a vector 10. The curl of a vector 10.1. Interpretation of curl of a vector 10.2. Alternative definition of the curl of a vector

College Level Mathematics Personal Study Notes This book comprises three hundred and thirty solved examples in college mathematics, a prerequisite for completion of bachelor degree in electrical engineering, nuclear engineering, physics, or mathematics. Each chosen example represents a unique concept in applied mathematics that is essential in preparing the undergraduate student to advance to higher level mathematics and physics. In most chapters, unsolved exercises are added for practicing. Thus, the book represents the essential needs of study of mathematics during the five intense study years of undergraduate college education. A special feature of this ebook is the effort taken to put the solved examples in the simplest form and to limit the number of examples to the absolute minimum that does not cram the memory of the already strained student. Even though redundant examples are believed by some to enhance memorization of mathematical concepts, I opted to follow my instincts supported by my own experience that simplicity and conciseness could lead to long last and clear vision than redundancy. The following syllabus was adapted from my undergraduate study at the Faculty of Engineering between years 1969 and 1974 and the Faculty of Science of the University of Alexandria, Egypt, between the years 1976 and 1978. Matrices, Binomial Theory, Partial Fractions, Theory of Residues, Differential Equations, Particular and Complementary Solutions of Second Order Differential Equations, Properties of the f(D)- Operator, Trigonometry, Analytical Geometry: Straight Line, Circle, Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola, Polar Coordinates, Hyperbolic functions, Curvature, Leibniz theory and Nuclear Differentiation, Integration, Maclaurin Series and Taylor limits, Newton's Method of Numerical Solution of Equations, Partial Differentiation, Applications on Integration and Polar Equations, Multiple Integrals: Green's Theorem, Spherical Trigonometry: Napier's rules, Numerical Solution of Equations, Graphical Method of Solution of Equation, Newton-Raphson's iterative method of solution, The Method of False Position (Regula Falsi) Or Inverse Interpolation, Bolzano Method, Roots of Polynomial Equations, Synthetic division, Evaluation of derivatives by synthetic division, Synthetic division by quadratic polynomial, Method of finding the imaginary roots of polynomials, Graeffe's Root Squaring Method, Simultaneous equations of first degree, Gauss method of elimination, The Gauss-Seidel iteration method, Relaxation methods, Finite difference solution of differential equations, Linear Programming,

1. PLANNING WEIGHTLIFTING ROUTINES EVALUATING BAR TRAJECTORIES 2. START LOW, GO SLOW MANAGING PARTIAL AND FULL-RANGE EXERCISES STRICT SAFETY PROTOCOLS 3. LEARNING FLUID MOVEMENT LEARNING POUNDAGE MANAGEMENT UNDERSTANDING KNEE INJURIES 4. WORKING ON TIGHTENING THE CONDUIT OF MUSCULAR FORCES FEET ESCAPE DURING FULL BODY EXTENSION WHEN TO LET GO? 5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM AND THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM HOW DOES MUSCLE FUELING AFFECT GENERATING MOMENTUM? 6. REFINING THE BAR TRAJECTORY IN THE SNATCH LIFT OPTIMIZING BODYWEIGHT AND STRENGTH 7. LIFTING FROM THE HANG HANG SNATCH HANG CLEAN 8. SPREAD-OUT VERSUS INTERRUPTED STRENGTH-TRAINING FEET ESCAPE AVOIDED BOUNCING IN THE DEEP SQUAT 9. CLEAN PULL CLASSICAL CLEAN CLASSICAL JERK 10. COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 11. PROGRESS IN THE DEADLIFT PROGRESS IN THE POWER CLEAN 12. ONLINE COACHING VERSUS COACHING IN-PERSON 13. VECTOR ANALYSIS MAGNITUDE, DIRECTION, AND TIMING OF FORCES REACTIVE FORCES IN ENERGIZED MASSES 14. ANATOMY OF WEIGHTLIFTING

This edition comprises the English-Arabic translation and analysis of the poetry of Ahmed Fouad Negm. The work of poet Ahmed Fouad Negm has sparked flashes from my past, as all his sceneries, vernacular, and intimate connection to the poorest peasants of Egypt revived my dormant memories as never before. Negm's brilliant and acute artistic senses enabled him to spare great traditional rituals from the sprawl of urbanization and global invasion of foreign cultures, throughout all corners of the universe. His unwavering expression of ideas, over many decades ahead of his own generation, has concluded mostly in realistic prophecies. That made the profane and rejected poet a true prophet of his era. The myth of how a poor orphaned city dweller could have expanded his knowledge, where many affluent figures of society failed to attain, invoked my deepest curiosity. The poem "Ward," or "Al Anbarra" in Arabic, is an emotional depiction of the salute of release of an imprisoned person by the prison guards. This is a traditional Opera-styled salute executed by all prison guards when a release order arrives "Al-Anbara" Waaaaaaaaaaard .. All hear me I Shook the dice.. Never aided me even once Gambled with dowry and tipping.. Over One Imprisonment for the free... Even was bitter Not once ..Reminded me with repentance of that turn Not once The first to the Prophet .. The second to Ayoub .. Third my solitude.. And the Fourth the fate of And the fifth..That bullied Must end up defeated The first, O Prophet liberator of man, the balsam for the afflicted and rescue of the oppressed Honored the class of men over all animals And raised the sword of guidance higher against tyranny And shouted O my people .. At all times Injustice if ever rules .. And right if ever demeaned Deprives you of rain and harvest and civilization Seas turn thirsty - In man and plants Snakes run loose.. Vultures fill skies Ruin falls on the mountain and the valley and the plains Light parts skies.. Moon's face disappear Sight lost in blindness and darkness and grief And fear topples humans by the cruelty of the jailer People fear each other ..Scare Sultan The Second, I said, Ayoub and I are two examples Ayoub when afflicted...Ayoub persevered two days Stories about Ayoub gave him two names Considered amongst prophets and illuminators together And my patience here ..in the asylum is two My patience for snatching me ..from knowledge and love My patience on ..the rule of the age The bully among us rules ..and the bully's rule shame Rule of animals over men ..rule of two horns I swear by the grave of prophet ..Mohamed with his straight eyes One day, will be erected..two scales not one I look with satisfaction for ..justice in the two scales And the Third, my solitude ..in the world of bullies The bully is protected.. the free is afflicted The jerk when empowered ..hired few drummers Hustlers, imposters, thieves, and muggers Those who love the prophet ..give another applause Dancing spread in the country right and left Flesh exposed.. Rose above words Sounds of tunes unheard..Lyrics of poetry unnoticed Strangulated words of sons..Tunes of bracelets One for the one God Two for the seriousness of Hussein Three for the misery of envy Four for the printing ink Five for my living will Six for coming tomorrow Seven for my broken heart Eight for the wanting of fellows Nine for the world at large Ten for the traitor insect I inform all of you that the prison is a fence .. I inform all of you that the thought is a light I inform all of you that the prison is senile I inform all of you that its door is fragile I inform all of you that the revolution is a thought I inform all of you that it will become a memorial I promise all of you that the gathering is tomorrow And the light within us and you.. Friends.

This book is designed for children of ages 6 to 8 years for the purpose of guiding their imagination in the direction of the sport of strength training, fitness, and health. The book presents visual examples of Weightlifters in different phases of their development to become champions. This gives the child real visual imagery of the route to championship and self empowerment.

This book is aimed at educating and preparing adolescents of the ages 12 to 16 in the basics of Olympic Weightlifting and Strength Training. The book familiarizes teachers, parents, and kids with the fundamentals of lifting and resistance training. The book starts by explaining how muscles work by burning energy and moving the nutrients around the body organs. Young children need to be educated on the process of transport of energy from food to cells allover the body. They then will understand how strength training helps the body grow and stay healthy and fit. Strong muscles and bones help the individual to maintain high level of health and fitness. The growth process involves the development of the mental and neural functions, which help the person solve complex problems and maintain high coordination and balance. Weightlifting is introduced by warming up without weights. Lifting light plates follows the warm up as an intermediary transition to serious lifting. The Olympic lifts are then practiced with dummy objects prior to engaging in heavy weights. This prepares the lifter to ingrain the mental imagery of performance under resistance. The two main Olympic lifts: the Snatch and the Clean and Jerk, are described in details and demonstrated by practical home-gym video clips. The book's main theme evolves on how to offer adolescents the option of becoming Olympic Weightlifters when they are young enough to accomplish such an extraordinary goal. The book's main tools are the simplicity and rigorousness of exercising for BIG IDEAS. Unless the workout out plan simple and logical, it would not lead to the life-long commitment to exercise, health, and fitness. The authors advocate the role of managing and executing exercise planning as a life-long endeavor of positive accomplishments and enriching the child's life. Mohamed F. El-Hewie Woodland Park, New Jersey, USA, August 2010. Sjaak Smorenburg Houten, The Netherlands, August 2010.

1. PLANNING WEIGHTLIFTING ROUTINES EVALUATING BAR TRAJECTORIES 2. START LOW, GO SLOW MANAGING PARTIAL AND FULL-RANGE EXERCISES STRICT SAFETY PROTOCOLS 3. LEARNING FLUID MOVEMENT LEARNING POUNDAGE MANAGEMENT UNDERSTANDING KNEE INJURIES 4. WORKING ON TIGHTENING THE CONDUIT OF MUSCULAR FORCES FEET ESCAPE DURING FULL BODY EXTENSION WHEN TO LET GO? 5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM AND THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM HOW DOES MUSCLE FUELING AFFECT GENERATING MOMENTUM? 6. REFINING THE BAR TRAJECTORY IN THE SNATCH LIFT OPTIMIZING BODYWEIGHT AND STRENGTH 7. LIFTING FROM THE HANG HANG SNATCH HANG CLEAN 8. SPREAD-OUT VERSUS INTERRUPTED STRENGTH-TRAINING FEET ESCAPE AVOIDED BOUNCING IN THE DEEP SQUAT 9. CLEAN PULL CLASSICAL CLEAN CLASSICAL JERK 10. COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 11. PROGRESS IN THE DEADLIFT PROGRESS IN THE POWER CLEAN 12. ONLINE COACHING VERSUS COACHING IN-PERSON 13. VECTOR ANALYSIS MAGNITUDE, DIRECTION, AND TIMING OF FORCES REACTIVE FORCES IN ENERGIZED MASSES 14. ANATOMY OF WEIGHTLIFTING

The ceremonial practice of Weightlifting contests presents a great dilemma for athletes, their coaches, and the countries, which they represent. This book deals with the performance of Weightlifters during the events of contest. Such performance is affected by the lifter's sense that his/her performance during the contest might be the best and/or the last athletic event of his/her life, the prime time to shine as a new star in the most competitive sport of force, power, and grace. For the coach, Weightlifting contests present the greatest challenge on many levels. First, Weightlifting coaches do not earn any appreciable financial return from the sport, other than getting connection to people of influence. Thus, the coach's drive for winning is mostly his passion and time-long dedication to the sport. Second, the lifter represents a great uncertainty to the coach during the unusual stress of contests. Slight disturbance in sleep, diet, or other social distractions could influence the performance of the lifter beyond prediction. Third, the planning of the lifts and adjusting of the lifter bodyweight are serious issues, which the coach must manage effectively in order to accomplish the best of his lifter's assets. In this book, the author dedicates chapters 1 and 2 for warming up during the contest, emphasizing the basic rules of using dummy objects in rehearsing the full range-of- motion of the Weightlifting exercises. That is followed up with warming up with maximal weight as the trial time approaches. Chapter 3 deals with planning the first lift when lifter is advanced among his/her competitors. Chapter 8 discusses the strategy of staying-in to avoid getting removed from the contest, as a result of failed trials. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 discuss three different lifting styles by a Romanian, Russian, and Turkish lifters. Chapter 7 is the largest chapter in the book and deals with toe-to-toe racing for winning the Gold. Here, lifters must plan to maximize the sum of two lifts (the Snatch and the Clean/Jerk) by increasing the weight of the barbell over three trials, for each of the two lifts. The lifter cannot lower the weight if he failed in lifting a higher weight. The heaviest lift of the three trials makes the valid score in that lift, by that lifter. The strategy of planning for winning when lifters might be tied by bodyweights, in the event of lifting the same total in the two lifts, is also discussed. Women Weightlifters are covered in chapter 9, 10, and 11. Those three chapters discuss the particular issues related to women's musculoskeletal anatomy that differentiates women lifters from men. Finally, chapters 12 and 13 discuss the technical issues of failure in Weightlifting contests. The book should help the reader relate to the scarce and precious moments in life, when athletes accomplish the most formidable tasks of enhancing health, strength, and fitness at the best of human endeavors. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Warming Up With 20 kg Bar Chapter 2. Warming Up With Maximal Load Chapter 3. Planning The First Lift in Clean/Jerk Chapter 4. Russian Male Lifting Style Chapter 5. The Top Male Lifter Chapter 6. Lifting On Wide Knee-Separation Chapter 7. Kilogram-To-Kilogram Racing Chapter 8. Staying In Contest Chapter 9. Short-limbed Woman Lifter Chapter 10. The Women Lifter Chapter 11. Women's Snatch Chapter 12. Dealing With Failure. Case 1 Chapter 13. Dealing With Failure. Case 2

For those readers who are inclined to visual learning with the least amount of text, we present this illustrated edition of the Weightlifting Attic. We presented the sport of weightlifting in 584 photos and illustrations with comments on their roles in the four-year training program in Sjaak Smorenburg's Weightlifting Room. The illustrations emphasize the techniques of lifting and errors that are inherent in the learning process. We added anatomical illustrations when we felt that the reader might need a hint in figuring out the basic working schemes in the process of lifting. The book covers the following topics: Classical Weightlifting room Power Snatch Snatch, narrow grip One legged Squat Clean and Jerk The Deadlift and Pull Front Squat Failed Snatch Comparison with International lifters Hang Snatch Hang Clean The Snatch: Head, hips, bar trajectories The Clean and Jerk: Head, hips, bar trajectories Jerk from the Rack Front Squat Power Snatch Shoulder Press and Squatting Narrow hand gripped Snatch Anatomy of leg muscles Efficient Olympic Bar Trajectory Training on the head and squatting positioning Mohamed F. El-Hewie Woodland park, New Jersey, July 2010. Sjaak Smorenburg Houten, The Netherlands, July 2010.

6.1. ANATOMY OF ABDOMINAL MUSCLES 6.14. ABDOMINAL EXERCISES 6.14.1. CRUNCHES 6.14.2 LEG RAISES 6.14.3. STRATEGIES OF ABDOMINAL EXERCISE 6.14.3.1. THE PROPER UPRIGHT POSTURE AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLES 6.14.3.2. VARIETIES OF ABDOMINAL EXERCISES 6.14.3.2.1. BASIC ABDOMINAL EXERCISES 6.14.3.2.2. ABDOMINAL EXERCISES ON A SUSPENSION BAR 6.14.3.2.3. ABDOMINAL EXERCISES ON A BENCH