This book describes a comprehensive combination of methodologies that strongly enhance the modern Virtual Prototype (VP)-based verification flow for heterogeneous systems-on-chip (SOCs). In particular, the book combines verification and analysis aspects across various stages of the VP-based verification flow, providing a new perspective on verification by leveraging advanced techniques, like metamorphic testing, data flow testing, and information flow testing. In addition, the book puts a strong emphasis on advanced coverage-driven methodologies to verify the functional behavior of the SOC as well as ensure its security. Provides an extensive introduction to the modern VP-based verification flow for heterogeneous SOCs; Introduces a novel metamorphic testing technique for heterogeneous SOCs which does not require reference models; Includes automated advanced data flow coverage-driven methodologies tailored for SystemC/AMS-based VPs; Describes enhanced functional coverage-driven methodologies to verify various functional behaviors of RF amplifiers.

Livestock, as a part of the global food production and ecological systems, is a key commodity for the well-being of humans. In future huge increase in the demand of animal production is expected to happen. Where food and water security will be the most important priorities for humankinds in the 21st century. The World will experience change in the global climate that will also cause shifts in the local climate that will have an impact on local and the global agriculture. This book reviews the impact of climate change on the health status of livestock and incidence of diseases, following the theory of global warming.

Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is neurological disorder. It exhibits genetic heterogeneity. The genes identified in MCPH are Microcephalin gene at MCPH1 locus, WDR62 at MCPH2, CDK5RAP2 gene at MCPH3 locus, CEP152 at MCPH4, ASPM at MCPH5 locus, CENPJ at MCPH6 locus and STIL/SIL at MCPH7 locus. The objective of this study was to identify families from Punjab and to perform homozygosity mapping and DNA sequencing for mutation detection. We reported c.3978G>A; p.W1326X mutation in ASPM gene of MCPH families from Punjab. This is the most prevalent gene investigated for mutations in Pakistan. The identification of common mutation in ASPM gene in families with primary microcephaly analyzed in this study from Punjab and several other families of an apparently different ethnic group (Pashtun) revealed most probable involvement of common ancestry for this variant in these MCPH families. Further data should be explored so that centres for genetic counseling could be established to guide the people for avoiding blood relation marraiges.

In pakistan, Cotton crop is naturally vulnerable to many species of arthropod pests, from the time of its germination to its final picking. The use of chemicals as a pest control measure is a two edged sword with both positive and negative impacts. The B. hebetor wasp is a good biocontrol agent partly because it feeds rapidly and has gut enzymes that quickly break down two major blood proteins in moth larvae. The main objective of the present study was to screen out the insecticides which were environment friendly, less hazardous to health and least toxic to the laboratory reared strains of natural enemies like Bracon hebetor (Say) Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The results showed that Fenpropethrin was the most toxic. Fenvalerate and Cyhalothrin were the least toxic, while Deltamethrin and Bifenthrin were moderately toxic against Bracon hebetor.

It is necessary to provide relief and protection to women against misuse and abuse of law and to prevent their exploitation.The first Bill of Rights for women was laid out (in the Quaranic Chapter on Women Al-Nisa and Other Quaranic Chapters/verses), nearly fourteen hundred years ago. In fact, women's roles and responsibilities as engendered in Islam, accord them a high status in the family and society.For years, women in Pakistan have been severely disadvantaged and discriminated against. They have been denied the enjoyment of a whole range of rights - economic, social, civil and political rights and often deprivation in one of these areas has entailed discrimination in another. Women, who have been denied social rights including the right to education, are more easily abused in the family and community and are more likely to be deprived of the right to legal redress. Often abuses are compounded; poor girls and women are trafficked and subject to forced marriage, forced prostitution or exploitative work situations such as bonded labor. In all of these situations they are likely to be mentally, physically and sexually abused, again without having the wherewithal to obtain justice.

Micromorphological and mineralogical properties can provide insights and aid interpretation of soil classification.The main objective of the study was to increase the understanding of soil classification through evaluation of micromorphological and mineralogical properties of soils. With a view to determining if differences in properties could be used. Based on the geological map sheet used to identify different parent materials, eight (8) profiles were dung and described and five distinct soil types were identified and mapped as soil units A, B, C, D and E. Results obtained revealed that micromorphology of surface horizon in basaltic soils shows a porous (compound packing) and crumb microstructure. The groundmass consists mainly of fine iron hydroxides in crystallitic micromass. Compound coatings of radial distributed and isotropic ("amorphous") iron hydroxides line the pores. Granitic surface horizon was mainly crumb with vughs and channels microstructure. In addition high clay content which complexes humus and thus reduces its ability to move downward in the profiles. The analysis should help shed some light on microbrafics and the work would be useful to Micropedologists.

Body weight, yolk sac weight, yolk sac/body weight index, estimated yolk sac absorption and chemical composition of yolk should be studied as important parameters when determining the factors for yolk sac infection in chicks. Effect of different types of feed showed that simple commercial starter ration give better results as initial feed in broilers infected with E. coli infection rather than using wheat bran, ground maize, 2% glucose solution with CSR, 6% canola oil with CSR or enzymes with CSR. Feeding commercial starter ration in E. coli infection, in early life of chick can led to increase weight gain, decrease in yolk sac weight and yolk sac/body weight index, increased estimated yolk absorption and better absorption of moisture and protein from yolk. Early chick mortality should be controlled to avoid economic losses in commercial poultry farming

The demand of different multimedia services and different internet supported applications on mobile devices requires a high speed data rate and good service quality. This can be obtained by implementing multiple Antenna technology on both stations i.e. User terminal and base station with an appropriate coding technique, and on the other hand MIMO can fulfill 3G & 4G demand and standard with a combination of other techniques. The MIMO diversity and MIMO multiplexing are the key factors to discuss and matter of concern is to achieve and support high speed data rate. MIMO multiplexing is a way to gain robustness and achievement in speed of data information. The MIMO-OFDM is the reproductive and highly famous services for Wireless broad band access. The combination of MIMO and OFDM accumulates the purpose of each and every scheme that will provide the high throughput. The current and main application of MIMO-OFDM is IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) which will gain high popularity and the researcher's attraction for further development and improvement.

The present research work reports the parametric study of ion beams emitted from two different Mather type plasma focus devices and their utilization in materials processing. Experiments have been conducted by using a conventional 2.3 kJ UNU/ICTP plasma focus device and the NX2 device (a repetitive plasma focus). The ion parameters such as energy, energy distribution, number density and current density are evaluated in the ambient gas pressure by employing a BPX65 photodiode and a Faraday cup (Fe using time of flight technique. A major motivation is to establish the optimum processing conditions for ion nitriding, surface modification, phase changes and carburizing of materials of industrial interest like Ti, AlFe1.8Zn0.8 alloy and SS-321 in plasma environment. The processed samples are characterized for structural and morphological changes, compositional profile and surface hardness by employing XRD, SEM FESEM, EDX, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and Vickers microhardness test. The SRIM code and microindentation measurements are used to estimate the depth profile of the modified layers.

The access to non-formal and extension education is limited for females in Pakistan. In this case study of district Muzaffargarh, a multi stage random sampling technique was employed. Main findings indicated that majority of husband and wife respondents were illiterate. Women received relatively less benefit from different sources of information that not only hindered them to avail better sources of employment but also made their position pity at home and community level. These women were also neglected by Agriculture Extension Department where all the extension agents were male who were restricted socially, customary and religiously to meet with women farmers which ultimately resulted in quite serious state of gender inequality in the field of extension education. The main obstacles to gender mainstreaming in Agricultural Extension include restriction to meet males other than blood relations, socio-economic insecurity, inadequate political empowerment, improper transportation, residential problem for female extension workers, and male ego in respect of their vested dominance.