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This book describes a comprehensive combination of methodologies
that strongly enhance the modern Virtual Prototype (VP)-based
verification flow for heterogeneous systems-on-chip (SOCs). In
particular, the book combines verification and analysis aspects
across various stages of the VP-based verification flow, providing
a new perspective on verification by leveraging advanced
techniques, like metamorphic testing, data flow testing, and
information flow testing. In addition, the book puts a strong
emphasis on advanced coverage-driven methodologies to verify the
functional behavior of the SOC as well as ensure its security.
Provides an extensive introduction to the modern VP-based
verification flow for heterogeneous SOCs; Introduces a novel
metamorphic testing technique for heterogeneous SOCs which does not
require reference models; Includes automated advanced data flow
coverage-driven methodologies tailored for SystemC/AMS-based VPs;
Describes enhanced functional coverage-driven methodologies to
verify various functional behaviors of RF amplifiers.
Livestock, as a part of the global food production and ecological
systems, is a key commodity for the well-being of humans. In future
huge increase in the demand of animal production is expected to
happen. Where food and water security will be the most important
priorities for humankinds in the 21st century. The World will
experience change in the global climate that will also cause shifts
in the local climate that will have an impact on local and the
global agriculture. This book reviews the impact of climate change
on the health status of livestock and incidence of diseases,
following the theory of global warming.
Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is neurological disorder. It exhibits
genetic heterogeneity. The genes identified in MCPH are
Microcephalin gene at MCPH1 locus, WDR62 at MCPH2, CDK5RAP2 gene at
MCPH3 locus, CEP152 at MCPH4, ASPM at MCPH5 locus, CENPJ at MCPH6
locus and STIL/SIL at MCPH7 locus. The objective of this study was
to identify families from Punjab and to perform homozygosity
mapping and DNA sequencing for mutation detection. We reported
c.3978G>A; p.W1326X mutation in ASPM gene of MCPH families from
Punjab. This is the most prevalent gene investigated for mutations
in Pakistan. The identification of common mutation in ASPM gene in
families with primary microcephaly analyzed in this study from
Punjab and several other families of an apparently different ethnic
group (Pashtun) revealed most probable involvement of common
ancestry for this variant in these MCPH families. Further data
should be explored so that centres for genetic counseling could be
established to guide the people for avoiding blood relation
marraiges.
In pakistan, Cotton crop is naturally vulnerable to many species of
arthropod pests, from the time of its germination to its final
picking. The use of chemicals as a pest control measure is a two
edged sword with both positive and negative impacts. The B. hebetor
wasp is a good biocontrol agent partly because it feeds rapidly and
has gut enzymes that quickly break down two major blood proteins in
moth larvae. The main objective of the present study was to screen
out the insecticides which were environment friendly, less
hazardous to health and least toxic to the laboratory reared
strains of natural enemies like Bracon hebetor (Say) Hymenoptera:
Braconidae). The results showed that Fenpropethrin was the most
toxic. Fenvalerate and Cyhalothrin were the least toxic, while
Deltamethrin and Bifenthrin were moderately toxic against Bracon
hebetor.
It is necessary to provide relief and protection to women against
misuse and abuse of law and to prevent their exploitation.The first
Bill of Rights for women was laid out (in the Quaranic Chapter on
Women Al-Nisa and Other Quaranic Chapters/verses), nearly fourteen
hundred years ago. In fact, women's roles and responsibilities as
engendered in Islam, accord them a high status in the family and
society.For years, women in Pakistan have been severely
disadvantaged and discriminated against. They have been denied the
enjoyment of a whole range of rights - economic, social, civil and
political rights and often deprivation in one of these areas has
entailed discrimination in another. Women, who have been denied
social rights including the right to education, are more easily
abused in the family and community and are more likely to be
deprived of the right to legal redress. Often abuses are
compounded; poor girls and women are trafficked and subject to
forced marriage, forced prostitution or exploitative work
situations such as bonded labor. In all of these situations they
are likely to be mentally, physically and sexually abused, again
without having the wherewithal to obtain justice.
Micromorphological and mineralogical properties can provide
insights and aid interpretation of soil classification.The main
objective of the study was to increase the understanding of soil
classification through evaluation of micromorphological and
mineralogical properties of soils. With a view to determining if
differences in properties could be used. Based on the geological
map sheet used to identify different parent materials, eight (8)
profiles were dung and described and five distinct soil types were
identified and mapped as soil units A, B, C, D and E. Results
obtained revealed that micromorphology of surface horizon in
basaltic soils shows a porous (compound packing) and crumb
microstructure. The groundmass consists mainly of fine iron
hydroxides in crystallitic micromass. Compound coatings of radial
distributed and isotropic ("amorphous") iron hydroxides line the
pores. Granitic surface horizon was mainly crumb with vughs and
channels microstructure. In addition high clay content which
complexes humus and thus reduces its ability to move downward in
the profiles. The analysis should help shed some light on
microbrafics and the work would be useful to Micropedologists.
Body weight, yolk sac weight, yolk sac/body weight index, estimated
yolk sac absorption and chemical composition of yolk should be
studied as important parameters when determining the factors for
yolk sac infection in chicks. Effect of different types of feed
showed that simple commercial starter ration give better results as
initial feed in broilers infected with E. coli infection rather
than using wheat bran, ground maize, 2% glucose solution with CSR,
6% canola oil with CSR or enzymes with CSR. Feeding commercial
starter ration in E. coli infection, in early life of chick can led
to increase weight gain, decrease in yolk sac weight and yolk
sac/body weight index, increased estimated yolk absorption and
better absorption of moisture and protein from yolk. Early chick
mortality should be controlled to avoid economic losses in
commercial poultry farming
The demand of different multimedia services and different internet
supported applications on mobile devices requires a high speed data
rate and good service quality. This can be obtained by implementing
multiple Antenna technology on both stations i.e. User terminal and
base station with an appropriate coding technique, and on the other
hand MIMO can fulfill 3G & 4G demand and standard with a
combination of other techniques. The MIMO diversity and MIMO
multiplexing are the key factors to discuss and matter of concern
is to achieve and support high speed data rate. MIMO multiplexing
is a way to gain robustness and achievement in speed of data
information. The MIMO-OFDM is the reproductive and highly famous
services for Wireless broad band access. The combination of MIMO
and OFDM accumulates the purpose of each and every scheme that will
provide the high throughput. The current and main application of
MIMO-OFDM is IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) which will gain high popularity
and the researcher's attraction for further development and
improvement.
The present research work reports the parametric study of ion beams
emitted from two different Mather type plasma focus devices and
their utilization in materials processing. Experiments have been
conducted by using a conventional 2.3 kJ UNU/ICTP plasma focus
device and the NX2 device (a repetitive plasma focus). The ion
parameters such as energy, energy distribution, number density and
current density are evaluated in the ambient gas pressure by
employing a BPX65 photodiode and a Faraday cup (Fe using time of
flight technique. A major motivation is to establish the optimum
processing conditions for ion nitriding, surface modification,
phase changes and carburizing of materials of industrial interest
like Ti, AlFe1.8Zn0.8 alloy and SS-321 in plasma environment. The
processed samples are characterized for structural and
morphological changes, compositional profile and surface hardness
by employing XRD, SEM FESEM, EDX, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and
Vickers microhardness test. The SRIM code and microindentation
measurements are used to estimate the depth profile of the modified
layers.
The access to non-formal and extension education is limited for
females in Pakistan. In this case study of district Muzaffargarh, a
multi stage random sampling technique was employed. Main findings
indicated that majority of husband and wife respondents were
illiterate. Women received relatively less benefit from different
sources of information that not only hindered them to avail better
sources of employment but also made their position pity at home and
community level. These women were also neglected by Agriculture
Extension Department where all the extension agents were male who
were restricted socially, customary and religiously to meet with
women farmers which ultimately resulted in quite serious state of
gender inequality in the field of extension education. The main
obstacles to gender mainstreaming in Agricultural Extension include
restriction to meet males other than blood relations,
socio-economic insecurity, inadequate political empowerment,
improper transportation, residential problem for female extension
workers, and male ego in respect of their vested dominance.
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