Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease caused by the abnormal growth and development of early non-granular white blood cells, or lymphoblasts. ALL occurs predominantly in children, peaking at 4 years of age. Interferons (IFNs) are the biological agents involved in the antiviral responses and the inhibition of tumor growth. In oncology, the IFNs are an important treatment options for a number of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The IFN- 1gene consists of 840 bp and it lacks intron sequences. Seventy patients suffering from Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia were studied and analyzed for mutation analysis of IFN- 1. So, 58.3% of the patients suffering from ALL were observed and compared with 41.7% normal DNA samples as control. PCR was performed and amplified gene products were detected on agarose gel and PAGE. Finally, SSCP was performed and mobility shift was observed in 7 out of 70 ALL samples. We observed that ALL disease typically develops in children ages 1-10 years old and is more prevalent in males than females. Mutation in the IFN- 1 gene was significantly related to 1-5 years in case of association of mutation with age.

Cancer is an un-control growth of cells. Cancer cells grow in an abnormal fashion, crowd out the normal cells. Liver is the largest organ inside the body; hepatocellular carcinoma is a cancer arising from liver. Laryngeal cancer affects the larynx, which is often called voice box, common in males. Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the world, leading cause of death from cancer in men. Multiple gene mutations are involved in cancer pathology. Type I interferons (IFN, IFN, IFN ) are the proteins involved in cell signaling and growth. This study was conducted to determine whether mutation in IFN 1 plays a significant role in liver, larynx and lung cancer. Paraffin embedded tissues of liver, larynx and lung were used for DNA isolation. SSCP technique was used to detect mutation. Only two samples of lung carcinoma shows the mobility shift on SSCP gel. It was observed that people in older age have more chances of cancer. In general population, males are more prone to larynx and lung cancer than female. Significant values were observed (p