The subject of Signals and Systems is enormously complex, involving many concepts such as signals, mathematics and filter design that are woven together in an intricate manner. To cope with this scope and complexity, many Signals and Systems texts are often organized around the "numerical examples" of a system. With such organization, students can see through the complexity of Signals and Systems, they can learn about the distinct concepts and protocols in one part of the communication system while seeing the big picture of how all parts fit together. From a pedagogical perspective, our personal experience has been that such approach indeed works well. Based on the Authors extensive experience of teaching and research, the book is written with such a reader in mind. The Book is intended for a course on signals & systems at the senior undergraduate level and above. The authors consider all the requirements and tools used in analysis and design of discrete time systems for filter design and signal processing. Key features of the International Edition: * The extensive use of MATLAB based examples to illustrate how to solve the signals & systems problems. The textbook includes a wealth of problems with solutions. * Worked-out examples have been included to explain new and difficult concepts and to expose the reader to real-life signal processing problems. The inclusion of FIR and IIR filter design further enriches the contents of the book.

Challenging behavior in students is a world wide problem.Challenging behavior is a vexed issue in rural areas of Pakistan.There are so many causes behind challenging behavior in students.Poverty and illiteracy of parents are one of the fundamental causes of challenging behavior in the world. The book focuses on the nature and causes of challenging behavior in secondary school students in Pakistan. The book reflects the management strategies to overcome the challenging behavior.The work will be significant for the academicians, researchers, psychologists and parent

The present surveillance study was conducted to assess the prevalence of bone mineral density disorders in relationship with modification in lifestyle and dietary habits. On the accomplishment of the study, correlation and association between bone mineral density and nutritional risk factors (carbonated beverages, tea, calcium supplements, milk/dairy products, green leafy vegetables, meat products, legumes & cereal consumption) and non-nutritional risk factors (socioeconomic status, gender, age, BMI, physical activity, education, smoking & chronic maladies) were assessed. The results of study revealed that several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were associated in the development of osteoporosis. According to research findings, people are moving towards the sedentary lifestyle and calcium-enriched diets are not commonly consumed. However, the trend of carbonated beverage consumption has replaced the traditional use of dairy products; consequently, osteoporosis is becoming more prevalent. Observations also revealed that low socioeconomic status are also contributing in the prevalence of osteoporosis.

The book contains the numerical problems/examples on Electricity & Magnetism & Circuit theory to meet the requirements of B Sc(Pass) & B S(Hons). This manual is a comprehensive and well written in accordance with the latest revised syllabus prescribed by the HEC, Pakistan. It provides a thorough understanding of the concept of all types of numerical problems selected from the widely used referenced books and previous examinations papers. The contents of this book is a detailed and systematic presentation of all chapters according to approved syllabus given electrostatics, electric fields, Gauss's law, capacitance and dielectrics, DC circuits, the magnetic field and the magnetic fields due to current etc.

The advent of multicore processors has put the performance of traditional parallel programming techniques in question. The traditional lock-based parallel programming techniques are error prone and suffer from various problems such as deadlocks, live-locks, priority inversion etc. In the last one and half decade, a considerable amount of the research has been carried out to achieve the synchronization among the parallel applications without using locking. One of most promising technique which has come out as a result of this research work is Transactional Memory (TM). Transactional Memory system commits the data in atomic code sequences called the transaction. In order to understand the design and implementation trade-offs of different implementations of the Software Transactional Memory, a comprehensive comparative study is required. Although some comparative studies have been carried out in the past, they were very focused in their scope and covered only few STM implementations. In this report, a qualitative literature survey is conducted and the state of the art in Software Transactional Memory is presented, covering prominent approaches to date.

Matri (Lathyrus sativus) is a low cost and indigenous leguminous crop. we use matri protein isolate as protein source. Physico-chemical, sensory characteristics of infant formula were determined. The product was packed in polyethylene bags and stored at room temperature for a period of 90 days and analysis of the product were done at every 30 days interval. Statistical analysis revealed a non-significant effect of treatments and storage on moisture of infant formula. Statistical analysis revealed that storage had significant effect on the pH and acidity of infant formula, whereas treatment and their interaction effect were found to be significant. All the four treatments showed a significant difference for the pH values of infant for formula. Acidity of infant formula is 1.1 % at the start of the study which significantly up to 1.6 at 90 days of storage period. Statistical analysis revealed that the treatments had a non-significant effect on Protein, Fat, total sugars content and ash of infant formula. On the other hand, storage as well as the interaction between treatments and storage showed a non-significant effect on the all parameters content of infant formula.

The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) is functional ingredients of a drug that acts against diseases. In other words, the active ingredient(s) in a drug or medicine are the substances that produce intended pharmacologic effects which might be positive or negative. The quality and safety of the drugs depends on API and new chemical entity development entirely depends on it. Most of the pharmaceutical industries buy API from other manufacturing units. Therefore, it becomes mandatory to check quality of APIs and other raw materials. In the present study, assessment of the level of APIs in local drugs and microbial quality of water used in Pakistani pharmaceutics were studied. The present study found that twelve (n=12) drugs being analyzed for their APIs concentration were within acceptable level. These drugs include mefenamic acid, pyrental pamoate, lignocaine hydrochlorid, ephedrine hydrochloride, cimetidine, aspirin, metronidazole, salbutamol, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, benzyl benzoate and dexamethasone.The obtained results were statistical different for different drugs (P 0.05). However, no significant differences were found within drugs groups."

The significance of legumes in human diet, as substitute way for protein requirement to meet the demand in lesser agricultural production countries, rising prize of animal protein along with quickly growing population, shapes the extensively high production of legumes with legume base products are particularly vital. Besides, the carrying evidence for overwhelming the malnutrition, legumes own good quality of protein, fiber and mineral contents, optical and functional properties are also dynamic for upcoming commercial practices like novel food formulations, supplementation, infant formulas, product development and functional/ nutraceutical foods.

Maize germs from six promising hybrids were characterized for chemical composition. Oil was separated from germ and evaluated for cake preparation. Defatted maize germ (DMG) flour was subjected to biological and safety evaluation. DMG flour was then blended with wheat flour in different combinations; evaluated for functional, textural and rheological behavior. Flour blends were further used to develop value-added products like bread and cookies. MGO was successfully incorporated in cake recipe with high sensory quality. Defatted maize germ flour being considerable source of protein, dietary fiber and minerals was found to be safe having good biological assay. DMG flour also resulted in improvement of functional properties of DMG flour- wheat flour blends; revealed its worth in food preparations. Protein and fiber enriched cookies and breads were prepared up to 15% wheat flour substitution with DMG flour. Consumer response to purchase defatted maize germ flour fortified cookies was generally very positive; showing its worth in food formulations.