'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.

Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in seawater are considered next, along with some uses of acoustics. These are followed by an examination of the composition and behaviour of dissolved constituents, including such topics as residence times, the control of pH, and redox relationships.
Finally, the history of seawater and its role in global cycles is reviewed, with special reference to climatic change and the CO2 problem.

This textbook documents and explains the natural climatic and ecological changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years. It also outlines the emergence and global impact of humans during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the connections between the components of the Earth's climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data.
The book reveals how the rise of humankind coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction. It shows that human effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back a million years or more.

The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data.
One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.

Dissecting in detail the arguments underlying the costs and economics of open and distance learning, this text should give the reader an insight and the confidence to cost their own open and distance learning projects.

Dissecting in detail the arguments underlying the costs and economics of open and distance learning, this text should give the reader an insight and the confidence to cost their own open and distance learning projects.

Many campus universities are now adopting and adapting distance education for some of their activities. Sir John Daniel discusses the changing role of distance education and training and how to gain a competitive advantage. The central question of the book is how the knowledge media can contribute to the renewal of universities, particularly through the further development of distance learning. Part of the book examines universities that have risen to the challenges of cost and accessibility by using technology in its widest sense.

The editors charged contributors to examine individual aspects of policy and practice considering, inter alia, three sub-themes. The first is the competence-based approach and its implementation; the second is an exploration of who are the winners and losers as government has placed national economic development at the heart of its policies and programmers for education and training. A third theme is the process of change and intervention itself. While apparent in all the chapters, it is most easily traced in the case studies where policies initiated at national level by government and other bodies are modified by factors in the local context and are implemented in ways which are acceptable to individual organizations. The New Training Initiative made competence-based qualifications a key component of its agenda for improving Britain's VET performance. This has now emerged as the pervasive influence on both VET policy and practice and, features with different degrees of optimism and unease in several chapters.

The editors charged contributors to examine individual aspects of policy and practice considering, inter alia, three sub-themes. The first is the competence-based approach and its implementation; the second is an exploration of who are the winners and losers as government has placed national economic development at the heart of its policies and programmers for education and training. A third theme is the process of change and intervention itself. While apparent in all the chapters, it is most easily traced in the case studies where policies initiated at national level by government and other bodies are modified by factors in the local context and are implemented in ways which are acceptable to individual organizations. The New Training Initiative made competence-based qualifications a key component of its agenda for improving Britain's VET performance. This has now emerged as the pervasive influence on both VET policy and practice and, features with different degrees of optimism and unease in several chapters.

The mega-universities base their success on distance education. Many campus universities are now adopting distance education for some of their activities. Sir John Daniel discusses the changing role of distance education within the wider enterprise of education and training and how to gain a competitive advantage. Technology plays a major role in contributing to the changes and the delivery of distance learning and the central question of the book is how the knowledge media can contribute to the renewal of universities, particularly through further development of distance education.