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Explains the basis of Brain Computer Interface and how it can be
established using different EEG signal characteristics Covers the
detail classification of different types of EEG signals with
respect to their physical characteristics Explains detection and
diagnosis of epileptic seizures from EEG data of a subject Reviews
design and development a low cost and robust EEG acquisition system
Provides mathematical analysis of EEG including MATLAB codes for
students to experiment with EEG data
The conception of modernity as a radical rupture from the past runs
parallel to the conception of Europe as the primary locus of global
history. The essays in this volume contest the temporal and spatial
divisions-between past and present, modernity and tradition, and
Europe's progress and Asia's stasis-which the conventional
narrative of modernity creates. Drawing on early modern Chinese and
Indian history and culture instead, the authors of the book explore
the provenance of modernity beyond the west to see it in a
transcultural and pluralistic light. The central argument of this
volume is that modernity does not have a singular core or essence-a
causal centre. Its key features need to be disaggregated and new
configurations and combinations imagined. By studying the Bhakti
movement, Confucian democracy, and the maritime and agrarian
economies of China and India, this book enlarges the terms of
debate and revisits devalued terms and concepts like tradition,
religion, authority, and rural as resources for modernity. This
book will be of great interest to researchers and academicians
working in the areas of history, Sociology, Cultural Studies,
literature, geopolitics, South Asian and East Asian Studies.
The conception of modernity as a radical rupture from the past runs
parallel to the conception of Europe as the primary locus of global
history. The essays in this volume contest the temporal and spatial
divisions-between past and present, modernity and tradition, and
Europe's progress and Asia's stasis-which the conventional
narrative of modernity creates. Drawing on early modern Chinese and
Indian history and culture instead, the authors of the book explore
the provenance of modernity beyond the west to see it in a
transcultural and pluralistic light. The central argument of this
volume is that modernity does not have a singular core or essence-a
causal centre. Its key features need to be disaggregated and new
configurations and combinations imagined. By studying the Bhakti
movement, Confucian democracy, and the maritime and agrarian
economies of China and India, this book enlarges the terms of
debate and revisits devalued terms and concepts like tradition,
religion, authority, and rural as resources for modernity. This
book will be of great interest to researchers and academicians
working in the areas of history, Sociology, Cultural Studies,
literature, geopolitics, South Asian and East Asian Studies.
This book provides a guide to Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
bitcell design and analysis to meet the nano-regime challenges for
CMOS devices and emerging devices, such as Tunnel FETs. Since
process variability is an ongoing challenge in large memory arrays,
this book highlights the most popular SRAM bitcell topologies
(benchmark circuits) that mitigate variability, along with
exhaustive analysis. Experimental simulation setups are also
included, which cover nano-regime challenges such as process
variation, leakage and NBTI for SRAM design and analysis. Emphasis
is placed throughout the book on the various trade-offs for
achieving a best SRAM bitcell design. Provides a complete and
concise introduction to SRAM bitcell design and analysis; Offers
techniques to face nano-regime challenges such as process
variation, leakage and NBTI for SRAM design and analysis; Includes
simulation set-ups for extracting different design metrics for CMOS
technology and emerging devices; Emphasizes different trade-offs
for achieving the best possible SRAM bitcell design.
All biomass is derived from photosynthesis. This provides us with
food fuel, as well as fibre. This process involves conversion of
solar energy, via photochemical reactions, into chemical energy. In
plants and cyanobacteria, carbon dioxide and water are converted
into carbohydrates and oxygen. It is the best studied research area
of plant biology. We expect that this area will assume much greater
importance in the future in view of the depleting resources ofthe
Earth's fuel supply. Furthermore, we believe that the next large
increase in plant productivity will come from applications of the
newer findings about photosynthetic process, especially through
manipulation by genetic engineering. The current book covers an
integrated range of subjects within the general field of
photosynthesis. It is authored by international scientists from
several countries (Australia, Canada, France, India, Israel, Japan,
Netherlands, Russia, Spain, UK and USA). It begins with a
discussion of the genetic potential and the expression of the
chloroplast genome that is responsible for several key proteins
involved in the electron transport processes leading to O
evolution, proton release and the production of 2 NADPH and A TP,
needed for CO fixation. The section on photosystems discusses 2 how
photosystem I functions to produce NADPH and how photosystem II
oxidizes water and releases protons through an "oxygen clock" and
how intermediates between the two photosystems are produced
involving a "two electron gate".
This book provides a guide to Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
bitcell design and analysis to meet the nano-regime challenges for
CMOS devices and emerging devices, such as Tunnel FETs. Since
process variability is an ongoing challenge in large memory arrays,
this book highlights the most popular SRAM bitcell topologies
(benchmark circuits) that mitigate variability, along with
exhaustive analysis. Experimental simulation setups are also
included, which cover nano-regime challenges such as process
variation, leakage and NBTI for SRAM design and analysis. Emphasis
is placed throughout the book on the various trade-offs for
achieving a best SRAM bitcell design.Provides a complete and
concise introduction to SRAM bitcell design and analysis; Offers
techniques to face nano-regime challenges such as process
variation, leakage and NBTI for SRAM design and analysis;Includes
simulation set-ups for extracting different design metrics for CMOS
technology and emerging devices;Emphasizes different trade-offs for
achieving the best possible SRAM bitcell design.
This self-contained book addresses the need for analysis,
characterization, estimation, and optimization of the various forms
of power dissipation in the presence of process variations of
nano-CMOS technologies. The authors show very large-scale
integration (VLSI) researchers and engineers how to minimize the
different types of power consumption of digital circuits. The
material deals primarily with high-level (architectural or
behavioral) energy dissipation.
This self-contained book addresses the need for analysis,
characterization, estimation, and optimization of the various forms
of power dissipation in the presence of process variations of
nano-CMOS technologies. The authors show very large-scale
integration (VLSI) researchers and engineers how to minimize the
different types of power consumption of digital circuits. The
material deals primarily with high-level (architectural or
behavioral) energy dissipation.
At the core of postmodern thought, especially in literary theory,
is the belief that such ideals as truth, reason, and objectivity
are social constructs that have no universal or trans-historical
validity. In exploring this constructivist view, Satya P. Mohanty
examines its underlying epistemological claims and their social and
political implications. His book points the way toward a critical
alternative to the epistemological and cultural relativisms.Mohanty
grounds his critique in readings of some of the major figures of
postmodernism, including Paul de Man, Louis Althusser, Fredric
Jameson, and Jacques Derrida and analyzes the views of Mikhail
Bakhtin, C. S. Peirce, Hilary Putnam, and Richard Rorty,
particularly their notions of language and referentiality. Mohanty
defends a post-positivist realist conception of objectivity as a
legitimate ideal of all inquiry. He outlines a realist theory of
social identity and multicultural politics which sees radical moral
universalism and cultural diversity as complementary not competing
ideals."
Although existing nanometer CMOS technology is expected to remain
dominant for the next decade, new non-classical devices are being
developed as the potential replacements of silicon CMOS, in order
to meet the ever-present demand for faster, smaller, more efficient
integrate circuits. Many new devices are based on novel emerging
materials such as one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and
two-dimensional graphene, non-graphene two-dimensional materials,
and transition metal dichalcogenides. Such devices use on/off
operations based on quantum mechanical current transport, and so
their design and fabrication require an understanding of the
electronic structures of materials and technologies. Moreover, new
electronic design automation (EDA) tools and techniques need to be
developed based on integrating devices from emerging novel
material-based technologies. The aim of this book is to explore the
materials and design requirements of these emerging integrated
circuit technologies, and to outline their prospective
applications. It will be useful for academics and research
scientists interested in future directions and developments in
design, materials and applications of novel integrated circuit
technologies, and for research and development professionals
working at the cutting edge of integrated circuit development.
IP Core Protection and Hardware-Assisted Security for Consumer
Electronics presents established and novel solutions for security
and protection problems related to IP cores (especially those based
on DSP/multimedia applications) in consumer electronics. The topic
is important to researchers in various areas of specialization,
encompassing overlapping topics such as EDA-CAD, hardware design
security, VLSI design, IP core protection, optimization using
evolutionary computing, system-on-chip design and application
specific processor/hardware accelerator design. The book begins by
introducing the concepts of security, privacy and IP protection in
information systems. Later chapters focus specifically on
hardware-assisted IP security in consumer electronics, with
coverage including essential topics such as hardware Trojan
security, robust watermarking, fingerprinting, structural and
functional obfuscation, encryption, IoT security, forensic
engineering based protection, JPEG obfuscation design, hardware
assisted media protection, PUF and side-channel attack resistance.
The demand for ever smaller and portable electronic devices has
driven metal oxide semiconductor-based (CMOS) technology to its
physical limit with the smallest possible feature sizes. This
presents various size-related problems such as high power leakage,
low-reliability, and thermal effects, and is a limit on further
miniaturization. To enable even smaller electronics, various
nanodevices including carbon nanotube transistors, graphene
transistors, tunnel transistors and memristors (collectively called
post-CMOS devices) are emerging that could replace the traditional
and ubiquitous silicon transistor. This book explores these
nanoelectronics at the circuit and systems levels including
modelling and design approaches and issues. Topics covered include
self-healing analog and radio frequency circuits; on-chip gate
delay variability measurement in scaled technology node; nanoscale
finFET devices for PVT aware SRAM; data stability and write ability
enhancement techniques for finFET SRAM circuits; low-leakage
techniques for nanoscale CMOS circuits; thermal effects in carbon
nanotube VLSI interconnects; lumped electro-thermal modeling and
analysis of carbon nanotube interconnects; high-level synthesis of
digital integrated circuits in the nanoscale mobile electronics
era; SPICEless RTL design optimization of nanoelectronic digital
integrated circuits; green on-chip inductors for three-dimensional
integrated circuits; 3D network-on-chips; and DNA computing. This
book is essential reading for researchers, research-focused
industry designers/developers, and advanced students working on
next-generation electronic devices and circuits.
The demand for ever smaller and portable electronic devices has
driven metal oxide semiconductor-based (CMOS) technology to its
physical limit with the smallest possible feature sizes. This
presents various size-related problems such as high power leakage,
low-reliability, and thermal effects, and is a limit on further
miniaturization. To enable even smaller electronics, various
nanodevices including carbon nanotube transistors, graphene
transistors, tunnel transistors and memristors (collectively called
post-CMOS devices) are emerging that could replace the traditional
and ubiquitous silicon transistor. This book explores these
nanoelectronics at the device level including modelling and design.
Topics covered include high-k dielectrics; high mobility n and p
channels on gallium arsenide and silicon substrates using
interfacial misfit dislocation arrays; anodic metal-insulator-metal
(MIM) capacitors; graphene transistors; junction and doping free
transistors; nanoscale gigh-k/metal-gate CMOS and FinFET based
logic libraries; multiple-independent-gate nanowire transistors;
carbon nanotubes for efficient power delivery; timing driven buffer
insertion for carbon nanotube interconnects; memristor modeling;
and neuromorphic devices and circuits. This book is essential
reading for researchers, research-focused industry
designers/developers, and advanced students working on
next-generation electronic devices and circuits.
This volume illuminates the disciplinary character of
photosynthesis, which spans (bio)physics to agronomy. The book will
help provide students with the necessary conceptual outlook for
integrating information from the bioenergetic and enzymatic angles,
obtained at the molecular level, with the physiology of
chloroplasts, leaves and eventually crops. It therefore serves the
larger interests of both students and researchers in the areas of
agriculture, biotechnology, biochemistry, biophysics, plant
physiology, and molecular biology, who are engaged in studying not
only the basic aspects of photosynthesis, a major process
determining biomass production, but also its relationship to plant
productivity.
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