This greatly revised edition of an influential 1999 book consolidates its authoritative advocacy of the New Lex Mercatoria (NLM). Since the publication of the first edition, self-regulation and private governance in international business have gained world-wide recognition. Three dynamic commercial law initiatives in particular demonstrate that, in spite of the long-lasting dispute about the nature and dogmatic underpinnings of NLM, legal theory and international practice have accepted that transnational business law is open to the 'codification' of its contents. The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law, and (most recently and dramatically) the TransLex Principles at www.trans-lex.org all draw their legal conclusions from observing the real-life phenomena surrounding regional and global integration of markets and foreign direct investment. This new edition presents an advanced elaboration of the author's 'Creeping Codification' thesis based on the TransLex Principles, an Internet-based method using an ongoing, spontaneous, and dynamic codification process which is never completed. The TransLex Principles contain black-letter texts of 128 principles and rules of the NLM with comprehensive, constantly updated comparative law references from domestic statutes, court decisions, doctrine, arbitral awards, and uniform laws. An annex to this book contains a synopsis of the wealth of materials available on the TransLex web site as well as a rare personal account of one of the fathersA"of the NLM, Philippe Kahn. International legal practitioners and academics alike have long complained about the inadequate legal framework for international trade and commerce. This book, with its far-reaching theoretical and methodological analysis of the doctrine of an autonomous transnational economic law, clearly opens the way to an independent and workable third legal system alongside domestic law and public international law. It offers international practitioners (contract negotiators, arbitrators, attorneys and other representatives of the parties in international arbitration proceedings) with a powerful and reliable instrument to apply transnational commercial law in daily legal practice.

Periods of transition are often symbolically associated with death, making the latter the paradigm of liminality. Yet, many volumes on death in the social sciences and humanities do not specifically address liminality. This book investigates these "ultimate ambiguities," assuming they can pose a threat to social relationships because of the disintegrating forces of death, but they are also crucial periods of creativity, change, and emergent aspects of social and religious life. Contributors explore death and liminality from an interdisciplinary perspective and present a global range of historical and contemporary case studies outlining emotional, cognitive, artistic, social, and political implications.

Periods of transition are often symbolically associated with death, making the latter the paradigm of liminality. Yet, many volumes on death in the social sciences and humanities do not specifically address liminality. This book investigates these "ultimate ambiguities," assuming they can pose a threat to social relationships because of the disintegrating forces of death, but they are also crucial periods of creativity, change, and emergent aspects of social and religious life. Contributors explore death and liminality from an interdisciplinary perspective and present a global range of historical and contemporary case studies outlining emotional, cognitive, artistic, social, and political implications.

Few thorough ethnographic studies on Central Indian tribal communities exist, and the elaborate discussion on the cultural meanings of Indian food systems ignores these societies altogether. Food epitomizes the social for the Gadaba of Odisha. Feeding, sharing, and devouring refer to locally distinguished ritual domains, to different types of social relationships and alimentary ritual processes. In investigating the complex paths of ritual practices, this study aims to understand the interrelated fields of cosmology, social order, and economy of an Indian highland community.

Religion is studied from a multitude of approaches and methodologies: history, anthropology, philosophy, sociology, psychology and the academic study of religion. This book differs from most other introductions and handbooks in that it draws on ongoing research to show 'how' researchers approach their topics. The aim is to provide orientation in this multidisciplinary context without attempting to homogenize the field. It is intended for undergraduate students studying religion as well as broader audiences interested in the study of religion. The introduction provides students with an overview of four key issues that are at stake in choosing an approach to studying religion in a multidisciplinary context: 1) the ways scholars conceptualize and delineate 'religion' as an object of study, 2) what theory is and what it is for, 3) at what level of analysis research may take place, and 4) the 'problem of belief' in the study of religion. In the subsequent chapters, each author discusses material from their own research to demonstrate the approach and methodology they apply and what kind of insights these yield. Collectively, the introduction and the individual chapters allow students to orient themselves with regard to the various methodologies and perspectives that may be deployed to formulate and answer their own research questions.

The vast and ancient topic of kingship in India has mostly been studied from the perspectives of rulers and other elites. But what constitutes sovereignty viewed from "below"? This book — ethnographic and comparative in its essence — deals with indigenous conceptualizations of sovereignty taking as its starting point a local proverb that connects the ritual (Dasara) of the king with festivals performed by his "tribal" subjects. The first part of the book initially introduces some pan-Indian ideas of kingship and proceeds to discuss indigenous notions of sovereignty as represented in rituals and myths in the region concerned (highland Odisha). The second part is devoted to the investigation of the proverbial performances. Mainly based on historical sources first the Dasara festival of the king is discussed, subsequently the indigenous rituals are described and analyzed, which the author ethnographically documented around the turn of the millennium. Ultimately, the proverb and the rituals constitute the idea of a sacrificial polity in which rulers and ruled share sovereignty in the sense that they are co-responsible for the flow of life.

The Modern Anthropology of India is an accessible textbook providing a critical overview of the ethnographic work done in India since 1947. It assesses the history of research in each region and serves as a practical and comprehensive guide to the main themes dealt with by ethnographers. It highlights key analytical concepts and paradigms that came to be of relevance in particular regions in the recent history of research in India, and which possibly gained a pan-Indian or even trans-Indian significance. Structured according to the states of the Indian union, contributors raise several key questions, including: What themes were ethnographers interested in? What are the significant ethnographic contributions? How are peoples, communities and cultural areas represented? How has the ethnographic research in the area developed? Filling a significant gap in the literature, the book is an invaluable resource to students and researchers in the field of Indian anthropology/ethnography, regional anthropology and postcolonial studies. It is also of interest to students of South Asian studies in general as it provides an extensive and critical overview of regionally based ethnographic activity undertaken in India.

A new collection of essays by leading scholars on the role of culture and cultural change in the development of countries and regions around the world. These thinkers approach the role of culture from a range of beneficial angles. They explore the new ground opened up by Laurence Harrison and Samuel Huntingdon in their widely discussed book Culture Matters, which examines the role that culture plays in hindering or accelerating development in the Third World. This book is a companion volume to the acclaimed Developing Cultures: Essays on Cultural Change.

Dynamics of conversion and religious change more generally are extremely complex, yet it is crucial for contemporary societies to understand them. This volume contributes to this understanding by focussing on the processes and modalities of conversion within, between and across various religious traditions (Hinduism, Islamic Reformism, Christianity, indigenous religions) from a multi-disciplinary perspective, including anthropology, sociology, religious studies, history and theology. While the book deals with Indian case studies, the introduction, preface (by Piers Vitebsky) and afterword (by Aparecida Vilaça) also offer a comparative perspective linking the Indian situation to contexts of conversion in other parts of the world. The introduction not only provides an overview of important research on conversion in India, it also intends to advance the general theoretical reflection on conversion, considers analytical tools for further research and discusses the work of important theorists such as Pierre Bourdieu, Joel Robbins and Marshall Sahlins who are not generally referred to in debates on conversion in India.

The Modern Anthropology of India is an accessible textbook providing a critical overview of the ethnographic work done in India since 1947. It assesses the history of research in each region and serves as a practical and comprehensive guide to the main themes dealt with by ethnographers. It highlights key analytical concepts and paradigms that came to be of relevance in particular regions in the recent history of research in India, and which possibly gained a pan-Indian or even trans-Indian significance. Structured according to the states of the Indian union, contributors raise several key questions, including: What themes were ethnographers interested in? What are the significant ethnographic contributions? How are peoples, communities and cultural areas represented? How has the ethnographic research in the area developed? Filling a significant gap in the literature, the book is an invaluable resource to students and researchers in the field of Indian anthropology/ethnography, regional anthropology and postcolonial studies. It is also of interest to students of South Asian studies in general as it provides an extensive and critical overview of regionally based ethnographic activity undertaken in India.

"A book of great practical wisdom by authors who have profound insight into the intellectual dynamics governing contemporary life."--Dallas Willard, author of Knowing Christ Today In In Praise of Doubt, two world-renowned social scientists, Peter L. Berger (The Homeless Mind, Questions of Faith) and Anton C. Zijderveld (The Abstract Society, On Cliches), map out how we can survive the political, moral, and religious challenges raised by the extreme poles of relativism and fundamentalism. A book that asks and answers Big Questions, In Praise of Doubt offers invaluable guidance on how to have convictions without becoming a fanatic.

Europe is a relatively secular part of the world in global terms. Why is this so? And why is the situation in Europe so different from that in the United States? The first chapter of this book - the theme - articulates this contrast. The remaining chapters - the variations - look in turn at the historical, philosophical, institutional and sociological dimensions of these differences. Key ideas are examined in detail, among them: constitutional issues; the Enlightenment; systems of law, education and welfare; questions of class, ethnicity, gender and generation. In each chapter both the similarities and differences between the European and the American cases are carefully scrutinized. The final chapter explores the ways in which these features translate into policy on both sides of the Atlantic. This book is highly topical and relates very directly to current misunderstandings between Europe and America.

Developing Cultures: Case Studies is a collection of 27 essays by a group of leading internationals scholars on the role of culture and cultural change in the evolution of countries and regions around the world. The essays aim to further the exploration of the thesis put forth by Larry Harrison and Samuel Huntington in their widely discussed book Culture Matters which examined the role that culture plays in hindering or accelerating political and economic development in the Third World. This book is a companion volume to Developing Cultures: Essays on Cultural Change (0415952824).

Anders als viele denken, heißt ‚Kombinatorik können‘ nicht, irgendwelche Formeln geschickt anwenden zu können. Es heißt vielmehr, die klaren, konstruktiven und oft originellen Ideen hinter diesen Formeln zu durchschauen und im Idealfall selbst zu entdecken.   Kombinatorik ist die Theorie des intelligenten Zählens. Sie ist die Kunst, die Mächtigkeiten von Mengen zu bestimmen, ohne diese mühevoll abzählen zu müssen. Es gibt keinen Grund, darunter nur endliche Mengen zu verstehen. Daher widmet sich das letzte Kapitel dieses Buchs der Entdeckung des Unendlichen. In ‚Hilberts Hotel’ und mit ‚Cantors Diagonalen’ verliert das Unendliche alles Rätselhafte, das so gern hineingeheimnisst wird.   Wie vieles (nicht alles) in der Mathematik ist Kombinatorik zuallererst ein spannendes Denkabenteuer. Haben Sie Spaß an Mathematik? Oder hatten Sie den einmal, und er ist Ihnen irgendwann abhandengekommen? Dann ist dieses Buch genau für Sie geschrieben worden. Besondere Vorkenntnisse sind nicht erforderlich. Das nötige Vorwissen haben Sie bereits.   

Das Buch liefert eine handbuchartige, rechtsvergleichende Darstellung der in einem internationalen Wirtschaftsschiedsverfahren auftretenden Rechtsprobleme, mit denen sich der Praktiker im Hinblick auf die standige Zunahme derartiger Verfahren immer wieder konfrontiert sieht. Der Autor legt dabei besonderes Gewicht auf die Verknupfung verfahrens- und materiellrechtlicher Aspekte.Der Verfasser untersucht neben den in der Schweiz und in den Niederlanden erlassenen Schiedsgesetzen auch das UNCITRAL-Modellgesetz fur die internationale Handelsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Neben diesen Gesetzen werden die UNCITRAL-Schiedsordnung sowie die Schiedsordnungen der Zurcher Handelskammer und des Niederlandischen Schiedsgerichtsinstituts analysiert.Im Interesse der Benutzerfreundlichkeit fur den Praktiker sind die besprochenen Gesetze und Schiedsordnungen sowie die entsprechenden Musterschiedsklauseln und die New Yorker Konvention uber die Anerkennung und Vollstreckung auslandischer Schiedsspruche im Anhang abgedruckt."

Unser Verhaltnis zu Computer und Informationstechnologie wird weniger von den Maschinen bestimmt als davon, wie wir von ihnen denken. Die Informatisierung des Alltags geht einher mit der Entwicklung pragender individueller und kultureller Bilder von der Welt der Computer. In dieser Studie werden erstmals eine umfassende Ethnologie der Computerkultur und eine theoretische und empirische Analyse von Computerweltbildern vorgelegt. Zu diesem Zweck entwickelt der Autor im ersten Teil des Buches ein neues, multiperspektivisches Modell des Weltbildkonzepts. Im zweiten, empirischen Teil analysiert der Autor vor dem Hintergrund einer spezifischen Informatik- und Computerkultur in Gesellschaft, Wissenschaft und Schule die Computerweltbilder von Mathematik- und Informatiklehrern.

Der steigende Einfluss der Herstellerindustrie sowie Autonomieverluste der Anwender durch globale Vernetzungen lassen heute nur noch einen schmalen Gestaltungskorridor im Anwenderbetrieb ubrig. Die Gestaltung von Arbeit und Technik kann somit kaum noch als alleiniges Problem "autonomer" Anwenderbetriebe behandelt werden. Die Anwendung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken im Buro folgt nicht der Automatik einer "Nutzungslogik," sondern wird vonOrientierungen und Leitbildern starker beeinflusst als bisher angenommen. Dies weisen die Autoren aufgrund empirischer Untersuchungen nach und eroffnen aus der Sicht einer sozialorientierten Informatik neue Perspektiven der Gestaltung von Arbeit und Technik."

Religion is studied from a multitude of approaches and methodologies: history, anthropology, philosophy, sociology, psychology and the academic study of religion. This volume differs from most other introductions and handbooks in that it draws on ongoing research to show “how� researchers approach their topics. Its aim is to provide orientation in this multidisciplinary context without attempting to homogenize the field. The introduction provides students with an overview of four key issues that are at stake when choosing an approach to studying religion in a multidisciplinary context: • the ways scholars conceptualize and delineate “religion� as an object of study • what theory is and what it is for • at what level of analysis research may take place • the “problem of belief� the study of religion. In subsequent chapters, each author discusses material from their own research to demonstrate the approach and methodology they apply and what kind of insights these yield. Intended for undergraduate students of religion as well as broader audiences interested in the study of religion, this book will enable students to orient themselves with the various methodologies and perspectives that may be deployed to formulate and answer their own research questions.

With essays by Peter Berger, George Forell, Reginald Fuller, Walter Harrelson, Franklin Littell, Jaroslav Pelikan, Franklin Sherman, all under the editorship of Martin Marty.Less than two decades since Bonhoeffer's execution in 1945, a symposium of scholars was held to rescue the real Bonhoeffer from the so-called "Bonhoeffer mystique" that was popular in the 1960's. Martin Marty, who planned and edited this symposium, writes in his Introduction: "Here, for the first time in the U.S., a number of Christian thinkers gather to analyze Bonhoeffer's theological achievement. . . . The eight writers of this book try to locate his methods and emphases in the various disciplines of theological study." These disciplines include biblical studies, church history, systematic theology, ethics, sociology, philosophy, and liturgy and devotion.Altogether, these seminal essays serve to reinstate the central question, continually reiterated by Bonhoeffer, "Who is Christ for us today?"

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - Deutschland - 1848, Kaiserreich, Imperialismus, Note: 1,0, Technische Universitat Dresden, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wenn man sich mit der Prostitution im 19. Jahrhundert beschaftigt sieht man sich einer Reihe angrenzender Problemfelder gegenuber. Neben den sozialen Fragen, welche unter anderem den Wohnungs- und Stadtebau, sowie die dazugehorigen hygienischen Umstande betreffen, sowie auch die Thematik der Arbeits- und Lohnverhaltnisse in den Fabriken dieser Zeit. Dazu kommen juristische und medizinische Fragen, die vor allem in der zweiten Halfte des 19. Jahrhunderts kontrovers diskutiert wurden. Einig war man sich fast immer daruber, dass es sich bei der Prostitution um ein gesellschaftliches Ubel handelte, welches man beseitigen musse. Uber die Frage des Wie?" herrschte allerdings Uneinigkeit. Neben den eben angesprochenen Thematiken wirft die Auseinandersetzung mit der Prostitution jener Zeit aber auch einen erhellenden Blick auf das herrschenden Bild die Frauen betreffend. Die Klasse des Burgertums hatte einen Moralkodex und ein Geschlechterbild, mit denen sie sich nach oben und unten hin abzugrenzen versuchte. In diesen Vorstellungen war die Differenzierung von Mann und Frau mit den dazugehorigen Fahigkeiten und Pflichten eine gesellschaftstragende. Der burgerlichen Vorstellung, wie eine Frau zu sein hatte, stand die Prostituierte als Gegensatz gegenuber. Sie verkorperte alles, was einer tugendhaften Frau schadete. Schon allein die Tatsache, dass es vor allem Manner eben jener Klasse waren, welche sich moralisch uber die Prostituierten stellte, die deren Dienste in Anspruch nahmen, zeigt diese Lucke. Mit den Vorstellungen uber Moral wird auch ein Blick auf die burgerlichen Vorstellungen geworfen, wie eine burgerliche Frau zu sein hat und wie eben jene Moral das Geschlechterverhaltnis bestimmte. Der erste und zweite Punkt dieser Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit dem Burgertum und seiner Moralvorst

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - Deutschland - Nachkriegszeit, Kalter Krieg, Note: 2,0, Technische Universitat Dresden, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der Zeitschrift Technikgeschichte" wurde erstmals im Jahre 1992 ein Aufsatz veroffentlicht, der das Thema Frauen und Technik behandelte. Das Thema Haushaltstechnik wurde ein Jahr spater in einem Aufsatz von Joachim Schaier bedacht. Die stiefmutterliche Behandlung des Themas Haushaltstechnik hat sich in den letzten Jahren zwar dahingehend verandert, dass zumindest der grosse Komplex Hausarbeit verstarkt in den Fokus historischer Untersuchungen ruckte, das Thema Haushaltsgerate und ihre Bedeutung fur den Haushalt als sich wandelnder Ort, wurden dennoch nur durftig behandelt. Die vorliegende Hausarbeit setzt sich mit dem Thema der arbeitserleichternden Haushaltstechnik am Beispiel der Waschmaschine auseinander. Kein Gerat hat so bedeutend zur Befreiung der Frau" beigetragen und dies soll anhand von zwei Werbekampagnen aus dem Jahre 1964 und 1965 soll untersucht werden. Zu Beginn werden kurz die Voraussetzungen fur die Haushaltstechnisierung dargelegt. Zum einen die Elektrizitat und zum anderen wird kurz auf die Situation der BRD in den 60er Jahren eingegangen. Im Anschluss behandelt ein grosser Komplex die Waschmaschine. Von der Tatigkeit des Waschens vor den elektrischen Maschinen uber den Einzug der Waschmaschinen in die Haushalte der BRD wird zu den beiden Werbekampagnen der Firmen Miele aus dem Jahre 1964 und Constructa von 1965 hingearbeitet. Diese werden auf ihre Botschaften hin analysiert und der Bedeutungsgehalt wird herausgearbeitet. Daran anschliessend wird das Frauenbild der BRD dieser Zeit in Zusammenhang mit der Haushaltstechnik betrachtet und danach die Technik und der Alltag bewertet. Inwieweit die Waschmaschine tatsachlich befreiend auf die Hausfrauenarbeit eingewirkt hat und welchen Stellenwert man der Waschmaschine als Haushaltsgerat zubilligen kann, wird in diesem P

In The Civil Society Reader Don Eberly presents the classic writings of the leading scholars and organizers who have brought the civil society debate to the forefront of American politics.