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In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the
actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of
thorium and its compounds. The Supplement Volumes A 2, A 3, A 4,
and A 5 with the history, isotopes, uses, the recovery of thorium
and general properties of thorium atom and ions, the thermodynamics
of its compounds and solutions, spectroscopic data and analytical
chemistry, biological behavior, health protection and safety
control have already been published. The Supplement Volumes C 1, C
2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen,
oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds are also available; also
have been published Supplement Volumes C 5 and C 7 describing the
compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron, carbonates,
thiocynates, alkoxides, and carboxylates. The Supplement Volumes D
1, D 2, and D 3 describing the properties of thorium ions in
solution and the solvent extraction of thorium as well as
Supplement Volume E describing the coordination compounds also have
been published. The present volume begins, in a summary fashion,
with a description of the natural occurrence of the element Th.
Especially stressed are those facts that are most important in
understanding its geological distribution on Earth (as, e.g., mode
of occurrence and distribution among minerals) and its behavior in
minerals (as, e.g., mode of occurrence and distribution among
minerals) and its behavior in minerals (as, e.g., diadochy and
metamictization of minerals). Attached is a tabulation of the
highest reported Th or ThO2 content in minerals that normally (by
their crystal-chemical formula) do not contain Th. The main part of
the present volume describes the minerals of Th. As can be seen
from the crystal-chemical formulas, there are, in addition to a few
minerals containing Th as the sole cation, a number of minerals
that contain Th as an additional cation or as a diadochic element.
In the case of diadochic substitution the mineral may represent a
Th-rich end member of a solid-solution series and, therefore, is
described as a separate Th mineral, or may only sporadically
contain higher amounts of Th (no mineral description is given). The
mineral descriptions, in this volume including oxides, carbonates
and phosphates/siliconphosphates of Th, comprise the following
topics: occurence; chemistry; crystal form and structure; optical
and other physical properties; and chemical and thermal behavior.
The silicates of Th and the deposits of Th will be described in the
volume "Thorium" Suppl. Vol. A 1b, that also contains a mineral
index for both volumes.
Als wichtigster nichtmetallisch-anorganischer Baustoff wird Beton
in Band 2 dieses vierbandigen Werkes am ausfuhrlichsten behandelt.
Der Fachmann erfahrt hier alles uber Herstellung und Verwendung der
verschiedenen Betonarten. Weitere Abschnitte sind dem Mortel und
dem Mauerwerk gewidmet. Neueste technische Entwicklungen und
aktuelle Normen und Vorschriften wurden in der Neubearbeitung
berucksichtigt.
Neben und zusammen mit Stahl ist Beton heute der wichtigste
Baustoff. Seine Herstellung und Verwendung wird deshalb hier am
ausfuhrlichsten dargestellt. Beton ist fast unbegrenzt einsetz- und
gestaltbar und kann vom Anwender seinen Anforderungen entsprechend
selbst hergestellt werden. Hierzu bedarf es allerdings besonderer
Kenntnisse der Eigenschaften von Beton, ihrer Beeinflussung und
ihrer Wirkung. Die Neubearbeitung von Band 2 des vierbandigen
Werkes Baustoffe fur tragende Bauteile behandelt die
nichtmetallisch-anorganischen Stoffe, also vor allem Beton, Moertel
und Mauerwerk. In mehreren Abschnitten werden die Betonarten, z.B.
Schwer- und Leichtbeton, vorgestellt und ihre Zusammensetzung sowie
ihre besonderen Eigenschaften wahrend des Einbaus und bei der
Erhartung beschrieben. Ein eigenes Kapitel ist dem Moertel
gewidmet, der sich in der Zusammensetzung nur durch die verwendete
Korngroesse vom Beton unterscheidet. Im Kapitel uber Mauerwerk, dem
anderen wichtigen nichtmetallisch-anorganischen Baustoff, werden
vor allem die Festigkeits- und Verformungseigenschaften behandelt.
Neueste technische Entwicklungen, aktuelle Normen und Vorschriften
wurden bei der Neubearbeitung berucksichtigt.
An exceptional text for undergraduate and graduate music students,
Modal Counterpoint, Renaissance Style uses a wide variety of
carefully graded exercises to present guidelines for writing and
analyzing 16th-century music. The only species counterpoint text
that draws directly on Renaissance treatises, it provides a
conceptual framework to guide students through composition and
analysis as it teaches them general structural principles. With
stylistically diverse examples including not only motets and mass
movements but also French chansons, German chorale settings,
English canzonets, Italian madrigals, and Spanish organ hymns,
villancicos, and ricercars, the book gives students a "real-life"
feel for the subject. It distinguishes between technical
requirements ("hard" rules) and stylistic guidelines ("soft"
rules), and includes coordinated exercises that allow students to
develop their skills systematically. The concluding chapters
provide the formal and conceptual building blocks for longer pieces
and encourage students to understand analysis and composition as
complementary activities. By the end of the book, students are
writing real compositions, not just drill exercises. The text also
features progressively graded exercises, historical asides that
explain important topics and issues of the period, and some notes
in the preface on using the book in the classroom. Combining the
historical accuracy of "style-oriented" texts with the more
systematic species counterpoint approach, this book offers a unique
alternative to other methods. Now in its second edition, Modal
Counterpoint, Renaissance Style integrates improvisation activities
and new repertoire examples into many chapters; revises the chapter
on three-part writing (Chapter 14) so that it pays more attention
to rules and strategies; reworks the chapters on cadences (Chapter
10) and on writing two parts in mixed values (Chapter 11) to make
them more accessible to students; incorporates clarified
instructions throughout; and includes a summary of rules.
Schubert composed his sixth and final mass in the summer of 1828;
it was premiered posthumously, on October 4, 1829, in the Viennese
Parish Church of the Holy Trinity under the direction of the
composer's brother, Ferdinand. In addition to five vocal soloists
and chorus, the work is scored for pairs of oboes, clarinets,
bassoons, horns and trumpets, three trombones, timpani, and
strings. Unabridged digitally enhanced reprint of the vocal score
prepared by Julius Spengel that was first issued in Leipzig by
Breitkopf and Hartel in the late 19th century to coincide with
their publication of the complete works edition.
This volume contains very carefully compiled material presenting
bibliographic descriptions of approximately 3500 papers, with a
computer-generated index on authors, subject headings, corporate
addresses and journals. There are many on-line services available
on fullerenes, but they serve mainly current-awareness functions;
none of them is selectively complete and carefully indexed and none
can replace a complete retrospective bibliography, which most
researchers in the field would want to have on hand in their
laboratories and offices.
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