The Purpose of this book is to provide a helpful reference for invertebrate pathologist, virologists, and electron microscopists on invertebrate viruses. Investigators from around the world have shared their expertise in order introduce scientists to the exciting advances in invertebrate virology.

The Purpose of this book is to provide a helpful reference for invertebrate pathologist, virologists, and electron microscopists on invertebrate viruses. Investigators from around the world have shared their expertise in order introduce scientists to the exciting advances in invertebrate virology.

This book addresses the multidisciplinary challenges in biodiversity conservation with a focus on wildlife crime and how forensic tools can be applied to protect species and preserve ecosystems. Illustrated by numerous case studies covering different geographical regions and species the book introduces to the fundamentals of biodiversity conflicts, outlines the unique challenges of wildlife crime scenes and reviews latest techniques in environmental forensics, such as DNA metagenomics. In addition, the volume explores the socio-economic perspective of biodiversity protection and provides an overview of national and international conservation laws. The field of conservation medicine stresses the importance of recognizing that human health, animal health, and ecosystem health are inextricably interdependent and the book serves as important contribution towards achieving the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals, in particular SDG 15, Life on Land. The book addresses graduate students, scientists and veterinary professionals working in wildlife research and conservation biology.

A critical review our current understanding of camptothecins, their shortcomings, and of the possibilities for improving their clinical performance. The authors discuss new camptothecin analog development, drug delivery issues for optimizing their anticancer activity, and their potential use in a variety of different cancers. Additional chapters describe what is known about the biochemistry, the pharmacology, and the chemistry of the camptothecins, including the mechanism of topoisomerase and how camptothecins poison this enzyme, the use of animal models in defining the anticancer potential of camptothecins, and the question of camptothecin resistance.

This book reviews some important reactions of carbon monoxide in organic chemistry: hydroformylation, metal carbonyl- and acid catalyzed carbonylation and ring closure reactions with carbon monoxide. It is not merely a translation of the German edition which appeared in 1967 but the text has been completely revised. This was necessary because this chemistry is rapidly developing in research as well as in technical application, which is underlined by the increase of production of e. g. oxo chemicals from about 1.4 million tons in 1967 to 2.7 million tons in 1969, nearly a doubling within 2 years. Quite a number of new research results were published during the last two years, and these additional references have been cited in the English edition. Most of the new papers cited deal with hydroformylation reactions: however, a number of the papers reviewed also report important new aspects in carboxylation and ring closure reactions. The author is indebted to a number of colleagues who helped to collect these new data and have given him valuable hints and would like to thank Miss 1. Forster, Dr. B. Cornils, Dr. D. Hahn, Dr. P. Schneller, Dr. H. Tummes, and Dr. J. Weber for their cooperation, and to Prof. Dr. F. Piacenti (University of Pisa, Italy) for discussions on reaction mecha nisms. The author is especially grateful to Dr. Charles R. Adams of the Shell Development Company, Emeryville, California, for his cooperation in translating the German text.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been experiencing a steady and unprecedented growth in terms of general interest, theory development, and new applications in the last decade or so. GIS is an inter-disciplinary field that brings together many diverse areas such as computer science, geography, cartography, engineering, and urban planning. Database Issues in Geographic Information Systems approaches several important topics in GIS from a database perspective. Database management has a central role to play in most computer-based information systems, and is expected to have an equally important role to play in managing information in GIS as well. Existing database technology, however, focuses on the alphanumeric data that are required in business applications. GIS, like many other application areas, requires the ability to handle spatial as well as alphanumeric data. This requires new innovations in data management, which is the central theme of this monograph. The monograph begins with an overview of different application areas and their data and functional requirements. Next it addresses the following topics in the context of GIS: representation and manipulation of spatial data, data modeling, indexing, and query processing. Future research directions are outlined in each of the above topics. The last chapter discusses issues that are emerging as important areas of technological innovations in GIS. Database Issues in Geographic Information Systems is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course on Geographic Information Systems, Database Systems or Cartography, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

A. Dogramaci and N.R. Adam Productivity of a firm is influenced both by economic forces which act at the macro level and impose themselves on the individual firm as well as internal factors that result from decisions and processes which take place within the boundaries of the firm. Efforts towards increasing the produc tivity level of firms need to be based on a sound understanding of how the above processes take place. Our objective in this volume is to present some of the recent research work in this field. The volume consists of three parts. In part I, two macro issues are addressed (taxation and inflation) and their relation to produc tivity is analyzed. The second part of the volume focuses on methods for productivity analysis within the firm. Finally, the third part of the book deals with two additional productivity analysis techniques and their applications to public utilities. The objective of the volume is not to present a unified point of view, but rather to cover a sample of different methodologies and perspectives through original, scholarly papers."

1 Ali Dogramaci and Nabil R. Adam 1.1. OVERVIEW With the decline of U.S. productivity growth, interest has surged to under stand the behavior of productivity measures through time, the conceptual foundations of productivity analysis, and the linkage between productivity performance and other major forces in the economy. The purpose of this volume is to present a brief overview of some of the concepts used in aggre gate and industry-level productivity analyses and the results of some of the recent research in this field. The book is divided into three parts. Part I covers some of the methodo logical approaches used in aggregate and industry-level productivity studies. Part II deals with the movement of labor productivity measures through time. The papers in this part of the book study productivity changes as uni variate time series and analyze some of the characteristics of the patterns displayed. The papers in Part III address the issues of measurement of capi tal, the relation of capital formation to productivity growth, and the rela tion of imported intermediate inputs to U.S. productivity performance."

1 Nabil R. Adam and Ali Dogramaci Measuring, analyzing, and improving productivity in a given organization is a complex process that involves the contributions of economists, industrial engineers, operations researchers, management scientists, and lawyers. The objective of this book is to provide the reader with a sample of original papers that relate to these productivity topics at the organizational level. In the book, the word organization refers to business firms and municipal organizations. The hook is divided into three parts: perspectives on productivity mea surement, a range of studies at the micro level, and some productivity issues in public organizations. Part I, which consists of three chapters, deals with productivity measurement. The first two chapters of this part cover a broad framework of measurement concepts and techniques; the last chapter, on the other hand, provides the reader with an example of productivity measurement for a specific industry (in this case, food retail ing). Thus, a spectrum of productivity measurement issues is covered in this part of the book."

Offering a fresh approach to the study of the figure of the diplomat in the early modern period, this collection of diverse readings of archival texts, objects and contexts contributes a new analysis of the spaces, activities and practices of the Renaissance embassy.

.."carefully and thoughtfully written and prepared with, in my opinion, just the right amount of detail included...will certainly be a primary source that I shall turn to." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society

Faced with rapidly changing social and economic conditions, service professionals, policy developers, and researchers have raised significant concerns about the Canadian child welfare system. This book draws inspiration from experiences with three broad, international child welfare paradigms--child protection, family service, and community healing/caring (First Nations)--to look at how specific practices in other countries, as well as alternative experiments in Canada, might foster positive innovations in the Canadian child welfare approach.

Foundational values and purposes, systems design and policy, and organization and management are discussed, as are front-line service delivery, service provider work environments, and the realities of daily living for families. Informed by recent research, the contributors provide clear directions for policy, administration, and service-delivery reforms. Informing policy debates addressing child maltreatment and family welfare, this book will serve as a vital resource for managers, service providers, professionals, and students in the fields of social work, child and youth care, family studies, psychology, and special education.

A critical review our current understanding of camptothecins, their shortcomings, and of the possibilities for improving their clinical performance. The authors discuss new camptothecin analog development, drug delivery issues for optimizing their anticancer activity, and their potential use in a variety of different cancers. Additional chapters describe what is known about the biochemistry, the pharmacology, and the chemistry of the camptothecins, including the mechanism of topoisomerase and how camptothecins poison this enzyme, the use of animal models in defining the anticancer potential of camptothecins, and the question of camptothecin resistance.

This book departs from the customary focus of penology on punishments in criminal and youth justice and deals also with punitive elements of punishments employed, sometimes informally, in the household, nursery, school or at work. It argues that abusive punishments are particularly deeply rooted in authoritarian states in some Western countries such as Britain and the USA. Many punitive practices such as corporal and capital punishment have been exported from imperialist Britain over past centuries. Punishments have shifted ove the past 200 years from public spectacles of the stocks, the whip or the gallows to seclusion of the prison yard, or hte execution house.
The book surveys a variety of psychological, physically constraining, custodial, corporal and capital punishments. The implicit punitive content of judicial processes such as trials, as well as treatments such as behavioural therapy, may have as much psychological impact as more explicitly physical punishments.

This book departs from the customary focus of penology on punishments in criminal and youth justice and deals also with punitive elements of punishments employed, sometimes informally, in the household, nursery, school or at work. It argues that abusive punishments are particularly deeply rooted in authoritarian states in some Western countries such as Britain and the USA. Many punitive practices such as corporal and capital punishment have been exported from imperialist Britain over past centuries. Punishments have shifted ove the past 200 years from public spectacles of the stocks, the whip or the gallows to seclusion of the prison yard, or hte execution house.
The book surveys a variety of psychological, physically constraining, custodial, corporal and capital punishments. The implicit punitive content of judicial processes such as trials, as well as treatments such as behavioural therapy, may have as much psychological impact as more explicitly physical punishments.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been experiencing a steady and unprecedented growth in terms of general interest, theory development, and new applications in the last decade or so. GIS is an inter-disciplinary field that brings together many diverse areas such as computer science, geography, cartography, engineering, and urban planning. Database Issues in Geographic Information Systems approaches several important topics in GIS from a database perspective. Database management has a central role to play in most computer-based information systems, and is expected to have an equally important role to play in managing information in GIS as well. Existing database technology, however, focuses on the alphanumeric data that are required in business applications. GIS, like many other application areas, requires the ability to handle spatial as well as alphanumeric data. This requires new innovations in data management, which is the central theme of this monograph. The monograph begins with an overview of different application areas and their data and functional requirements. Next it addresses the following topics in the context of GIS: representation and manipulation of spatial data, data modeling, indexing, and query processing. Future research directions are outlined in each of the above topics. The last chapter discusses issues that are emerging as important areas of technological innovations in GIS. Database Issues in Geographic Information Systems is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course on Geographic Information Systems, Database Systems or Cartography, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

The information market place is on the horizon. However, it is unlikely that the basic functions of commerce will change appreciably, even as the coming electronic revolution dramatically changes the forms of commerce. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to carefully consider existing commercial activities in designing and proposing new infrastructures for the future.
This volume presents, in eight chapters contributed by leading experts from industry, academia and government, an unique overview of current research issues and applications in the evolving area of electronic commerce; it is based on a workshop held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland in December 1994.

This volume is the first book coherently summarizing the current issues in digital libraries research, design and management. It presents, in a homogeneous way, thoroughly revised versions of 15 papers accepted for the First International Workshop on Digital Libraries, DL '94, held at Rutgers University in May 1994; in addition there are two introductory chapters provided by the volume editors, as well as a comprehensive bibliography listing 262 entries.
Besides introductory aspects, the topics addressed are administration and management, information retrieval and hypertext, classification and indexing, and prototypes and applications. The volume is intended for researchers and design professionals in the field, as well as for experts from libraries administration and scientific publishing.

Database management is attracting wide interest in both academic and industrial contexts. New application areas such as CAD/CAM, geographic information systems, and multimedia are emerging. The needs of these application areas are far more complex than those of conventional business applications. The purpose of this book is to bring together a set of current research issues that addresses a broad spectrum of topics related to database systems and applications. The book is divided into four parts: - object-oriented databases, - temporal/historical database systems, - query processing in database systems, - heterogeneity, interoperability, open system architectures, multimedia database systems.

In this book historian R.J.Q. Adams examines the policy of appeasement as practiced by British Governments in the inter-war years - a programme widely praised in its day and frequently condemned as wrong-headed and even wicked ever since. In this thoroughly accessible work, he reveals the motivations and goals of the men who practiced appeasement as well as of those who opposed it, and makes clear the road to Munich - and to war.

A. Dogramaci and N.R. Adam Productivity of a firm is influenced both by economic forces which act at the macro level and impose themselves on the individual firm as well as internal factors that result from decisions and processes which take place within the boundaries of the firm. Efforts towards increasing the produc tivity level of firms need to be based on a sound understanding of how the above processes take place. Our objective in this volume is to present some of the recent research work in this field. The volume consists of three parts. In part I, two macro issues are addressed (taxation and inflation) and their relation to produc tivity is analyzed. The second part of the volume focuses on methods for productivity analysis within the firm. Finally, the third part of the book deals with two additional productivity analysis techniques and their applications to public utilities. The objective of the volume is not to present a unified point of view, but rather to cover a sample of different methodologies and perspectives through original, scholarly papers."

1 Nabil R. Adam and Ali Dogramaci Measuring, analyzing, and improving productivity in a given organization is a complex process that involves the contributions of economists, industrial engineers, operations researchers, management scientists, and lawyers. The objective of this book is to provide the reader with a sample of original papers that relate to these productivity topics at the organizational level. In the book, the word organization refers to business firms and municipal organizations. The hook is divided into three parts: perspectives on productivity mea surement, a range of studies at the micro level, and some productivity issues in public organizations. Part I, which consists of three chapters, deals with productivity measurement. The first two chapters of this part cover a broad framework of measurement concepts and techniques; the last chapter, on the other hand, provides the reader with an example of productivity measurement for a specific industry (in this case, food retail ing). Thus, a spectrum of productivity measurement issues is covered in this part of the book."

1 Ali Dogramaci and Nabil R. Adam 1.1. OVERVIEW With the decline of U.S. productivity growth, interest has surged to under stand the behavior of productivity measures through time, the conceptual foundations of productivity analysis, and the linkage between productivity performance and other major forces in the economy. The purpose of this volume is to present a brief overview of some of the concepts used in aggre gate and industry-level productivity analyses and the results of some of the recent research in this field. The book is divided into three parts. Part I covers some of the methodo logical approaches used in aggregate and industry-level productivity studies. Part II deals with the movement of labor productivity measures through time. The papers in this part of the book study productivity changes as uni variate time series and analyze some of the characteristics of the patterns displayed. The papers in Part III address the issues of measurement of capi tal, the relation of capital formation to productivity growth, and the rela tion of imported intermediate inputs to U.S. productivity performance."

Stephen Girard, the second richest American of his time after John Jacob Astor, was the last of the great merchant bankers and the first of the great investment bankers. This is a study not only of an influential man and the bank he operated in Philadelphia but also of the growing interdependence between the institutions of government and finance in early nineteenth-century America. In a period when precedents were being set in a new nation and large corporations were beginning to predominate in the business of banking, Girard, a man of undisputed business acumen, established in Philadelphia what was to become the largest private bank of its time and as such a monument to free enterprise. At the same time, along with Astor and other influential financiers, Girard was instrumental in financing the War of 1812 and in establishing the second Bank of the United States. His close association with the Madison administration and the Treasury Department made him a key figure in the evolving relationship between the federal government and the financial community. Applying modern statistical techniques to the comprehensive records of the old Girard Bank, Donald Adams has uncovered a great deal of information, hitherto largely unavailable to scholars, about banking practices in early America. In this book he analyzes day-to-day operations-the kinds of loans that were typical, the devices for maintaining liquidity, the organization of staff-as well as long-run investment decisions and their impact on the formation of American finance. While other studies have been made of the anatomy and influence of early chartered and corporate banks, Adams' is the first history of America's largest private bank. It provides a rare glimpse of the inner structure and strategy of an important financial institution and of the entrepreneurial and political activities of its founder.

This book addresses the multidisciplinary challenges in biodiversity conservation with a focus on wildlife crime and how forensic tools can be applied to protect species and preserve ecosystems. Illustrated by numerous case studies covering different geographical regions and species the book introduces to the fundamentals of biodiversity conflicts, outlines the unique challenges of wildlife crime scenes and reviews latest techniques in environmental forensics, such as DNA metagenomics. In addition, the volume explores the socio-economic perspective of biodiversity protection and provides an overview of national and international conservation laws. The field of conservation medicine stresses the importance of recognizing that human health, animal health, and ecosystem health are inextricably interdependent and the book serves as important contribution towards achieving the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals, in particular SDG 15, Life on Land. The book addresses graduate students, scientists and veterinary professionals working in wildlife research and conservation biology.