The United States faces a small number of rogue states that either have or are working to acquire weapons of mass destruction. These NASTIs, or NBC-Arming Sponsors of Terrorism and Intervention, include such states as North Korea, Iraq, Iran, Libya, and Syria. U.S. nonproliferation programs and policies have helped to keep this number small, but U.S. and allied counterproliferation programs are essential to reduce the danger. It is up to deterrence, active defenses, passive defenses, decontamination, and counterforce to turn enemy weapons of mass destruction into instruments of limited destructive effect. Warfighters will also have to adopt a different strategy and concept of operations in fighting an adversary that is so heavily armed. This strategy will feature a combination of deception, dispersion, mobility and maneuver, diffused logistics, remote engagement, missile defense bubbles, non-combatant evacuation operations, and large area decontamination. It will also involve upgrades to NBC passive defense measures and equipment, as well as a counterforce capability that can find and destroy a variety of adversary targets, including mobile launchers and deeply buried and hardened underground structures.

In "The Public Intellectualism of Ralph Waldo Emerson and W.E.B. Du Bois," Ryan Schneider shows how and why two of America's most influential public intellectuals--writing from opposite sides of the color line--defined race not only in biological and geo-cultural terms but also as an emotional phenomenon. Drawing on and advancing recent work in Cognitive Literary Studies, Critical Race Theory, and the History of Emotions, Schneider comparatively examines the range of feelings Emerson and Du Bois attribute to the experience of racial difference; his innovative close readings reveal the surprising extent to which they conceive of race reform as an emotive process and how expressions of personal feeling underwrite their public commitments to re-imagining black-white relations.

This book addresses the historiography of mathematics as it was practiced during the 19th and 20th centuries by paying special attention to the cultural contexts in which the history of mathematics was written. In the 19th century, the history of mathematics was recorded by a diverse range of people trained in various fields and driven by different motivations and aims. These backgrounds often shaped not only their writing on the history of mathematics, but, in some instances, were also influential in their subsequent reception. During the period from roughly 1880-1940, mathematics modernized in important ways, with regard to its content, its conditions for cultivation, and its identity; and the writing of the history of mathematics played into the last part in particular. Parallel to the modernization of mathematics, the history of mathematics gradually evolved into a field of research with its own journals, societies and academic positions. Reflecting both a new professional identity and changes in its primary audience, various shifts of perspective in the way the history of mathematics was and is written can still be observed to this day. Initially concentrating on major internal, universal developments in certain sub-disciplines of mathematics, the field gradually gravitated towards a focus on contexts of knowledge production involving individuals, local practices, problems, communities, and networks. The goal of this book is to link these disciplinary and methodological changes in the history of mathematics to the broader cultural contexts of its practitioners, namely the historians of mathematics during the period in question.

In December 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspin announced the Counterproliferation Initiative, a response to President Clinton's assertion that if we do not stem the proliferation of the world's deadliest weapons, no democracy can feel secure. This timely book brings together contributions from a wide range of experts to help readers understand how far the nation has come since then—and what still needs to happen. Insightful essays examine: arms control treaty programs; export control regimes; interdiction; diplomatic/economic/political persuasion and sanctions; deterrence; counterforce; active and passive defense; and consequence management. Many positive changes have occurred since 1993. Regime changes in Iraq and South Africa have removed some WMD proliferation threats. Saddam Hussein has been overthrown, and a new Iraq is beginning to emerge. South Africa's clandestine WMD program has apparently ended. Libya announced it has given up its efforts to have active WMD programs. The Taliban and al Qaeda have been routed in Afghanistan, probably delaying efforts to develop or buy WMD. Yet, states continue to develop and export WMD and/or their delivery systems. As many as 30 states are still believed to have either a nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons program. Some have all three. India and Pakistan have acknowledged programs. Abdul Qadeer Khan, the scientist who directed the Pakistani A-bomb program, has admitted selling nuclear weapons designs, and nuclear enrichment equipment to Libya, Iran, and North Korea. His colleagues have held discussions with al Qaeda representatives. Ayman Al-Zawahiri, number two in the al Qaeda chain of command, claims that the terrorist organization has several suitcase A-bombs from the Former Soviet Union. It appears clear to many that Iran has a desire to develop nuclear weapons. Syria still has a chemical weapons program. North Korea's WMD profile has escalated. As Avoiding the Abyss so convincingly demonstrates, much has been accomplished since the Counterproliferation Initiative was launched-but much work still lies ahead. It is an important story for every American.

* Makes mental health case law accessible and usable to practicing forensic professionals * Provides a huge range of fascinating legal case studies offering real-world significance * Case studies summarise complex legal decisions through a neuropsychological sieve, to highlight the neuropsychological details. * Allows both legal and psychological communities to better understand each other's professions * Includes a glossary of clear definitions of both legal and mental health terms.

* Makes mental health case law accessible and usable to practicing forensic professionals * Provides a huge range of fascinating legal case studies offering real-world significance * Case studies summarise complex legal decisions through a neuropsychological sieve, to highlight the neuropsychological details. * Allows both legal and psychological communities to better understand each other's professions * Includes a glossary of clear definitions of both legal and mental health terms.

At the end of the twentieth century, tourism is the world's largest single industry. Tourism, however, is not only an economic and social phenomenon, but can be 'read' in semiotic terms centered around dreams of alternatives to everyday life. The images, which today dominate advertisements for tourist products, had to be constructed and sustained, invented and remolded over a long historical process. It seems that without this distinctive historical and cultural 'baggage' the remarkable social practice of taking holidays would not have evolved. Even if tourism saw its most spectacular development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in terms of the numbers involved, it rests on a cultural foundation inaugurated in the early modern period. The Making of Modern Tourism was a long-term process, deeply rooted in the cultural and intellectual, economic and social history of Britain.This interdisciplinary volume brings together scholars from fields as far apart as literary studies and economic history, who trace the history of tourism from the Renaissance to the present day, combing fresh findings from ongoing research with state-of-the-art surveys.

Kabbalah and psychoanalysis are conceptions about the nature of reality. The former is over two thousand years old. The latter has been formalized less than a hundred years ago. Nonetheless they are parallel journeys of discovery that have forever altered not only what we see, but the very nature of seeing itself. The domain of Kabbalah is the spiritual and material macrocosm. In contrast the concern of psychoanalysis is the microcosm, the innermost recesses of the human mind. However, both are convergent and complementary theories. Kabbalah asserts 'as above so below, ' meaning, the Godhead, the source of everything, is reflected in the smallest details of existence. Similarly, psychoanalysis traces the evolution from 'inner objects' to family feuds and social fields. More than theories, however, Kabbalah and psychoanalysis test the limits of direct experience. They are contemplative, meditative and introspective methods for restoring shattered worlds and fragmented lives. These are material as well as spiritual entities which have been separated from their source, on one hand 'the Godhead' and on the other, 'personal praxis.' The purpose of this study is to explore how Kabbalah and psychoanalysis converge and diverge, complement and conflict with each other, in order to amplify their impact and enable mankind to gain a greater understanding of reality.

Kabbalah and psychoanalysis are conceptions about the nature of reality. The former is over two thousand years old. The latter has been formalized less than a hundred years ago. Nonetheless they are parallel journeys of discovery that have forever altered not only what we see, but the very nature of seeing itself. The domain of Kabbalah is the spiritual and material macrocosm. In contrast the concern of psychoanalysis is the microcosm, the innermost recesses of the human mind. However, both are convergent and complementary theories. Kabbalah asserts 'as above so below, ' meaning, the Godhead, the source of everything, is reflected in the smallest details of existence. Similarly, psychoanalysis traces the evolution from 'inner objects' to family feuds and social fields. More than theories, however, Kabbalah and psychoanalysis test the limits of direct experience. They are contemplative, meditative and introspective methods for restoring shattered worlds and fragmented lives. These are material as well as spiritual entities which have been separated from their source, on one hand 'the Godhead' and on the other, 'personal praxis.' The purpose of this study is to explore how Kabbalah and psychoanalysis converge and diverge, complement and conflict with each other, in order to amplify their impact and enable mankind to gain a greater understanding of reality.

The victorious end to the first World War offered hope to African Americans who had fought for freedom abroad and hoped to find it at home. In this new work, historian Mark R. Schneider analyzes the dynamic 1920s that saw the enormous migration of African Americans to Northern urban centers and the formation of important African American religious, social and economic institutions. Yet, even with considerable efforts to promote civil rights and advancements in the arts, many African Americans in the rural south continued to live under conditions unchanged from a century before. African Americans in the Jazz Age recounts the history of this turbulent era, paying particular attention to the ways in which African Americans actively challenged Jim Crow and firmly expressed pride in their heritage. Supplemented by primary sources, this work serves as an ideal introduction to this critical period in U.S. history and allows students to examine the issues first-hand and draw their own conclusions.

It is to the great and lasting credit of LORENZ BOHLER and his school that they have in the last decade developed and demonstrated so thoroughly the techniques for the conservative management of fractures. Nevertheless there have always been many, including some from BOHLER'S school, who have found considerable place for surgical management, and with the significant progress in general surgery seen in postwar years, a new stimulus has been given to this part of traumatic surgery, especially since bone injuries have become more complex and frequent. The concept of internal fixation is not new. The serious criticisms that have been levelled at it retain today their basic significance. Progress in the fields of asepsis, corrosion-free metal implants, operative experience and postoperative care has diminished the dangers but has not relieved the surgeon of responsibility. The Association for the Study of the Problems of Internal Fixation (AO) has devoted itself over a number of years to the basic principles and best methods of open treatment of fractures by means of extended clinical and scientific studies in order to determine in each individual case the most promising line of treatment. At the same time a well designed and tested instrument set has been developed with precise instructions for the appropriate techniques. As a result, the new observations about primary bone healing which have emerged from the practice of rigid internal fixation are as interesting as the uses to which they can be put in allowing early mobilization.

J. SCHATZKER Friedrich Pauwels first postulated that excessive osteotomies and in particular on a group ofJ 09 joint pressure could cause the destruction of ar- osteotomies followed up for 13-15 years after ticular cartilage and lead to osteoarthritis, and surgery. that the reduction of this pressure would bring Erwin Morscher supports the long-term re- about regeneration of articular cartilage and re- sults of Bombelli and Schneider in his analysis gression of the disease. The first chapter of this of a study of over 2,000 osteotomies performed book is a synthesis of Pauwels' lifelong devotion in several Swiss centers. to the biomechanics of the hip. It presents the He also presents a careful analysis of his reader with a clear exposition of the intertro- own smaller series. Based on all these data, he chanteric osteotomy as a procedure based on defines for us the ideal parameters which clear biomechanical principles, and illustrates should be present in order to make the patient how biomechanical regeneration of the joint can an ideal candidate for an intertrochanteric os- be influenced by a reversal of the mechanical teotomy.

The fourth volume of Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery is somewhat different from pre vious publications of the series. The editors have again tried to present two topics but the publications presented from the European literature are of very recent origin. In the age of total joint replacement it was felt to be imperative to counteract the pre sent tendency to treat every joint which does not seem to be healthy with an artificial re placement. Orthopaedic surgery seems to be influenced by trends. In 1963, E. A. Nichol discussing intracapsular hip fractures, quoted from Alice In Wonderland in an editorial written for volume 45B of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery "The Queen had only one way of settling all difficulties, great or small, "Off with his head" ." Today one could paraphrase his implied critizism by saying "Out with the joint." No one doubts that joint replacements have been of great value in treating degenerative joint changes, but it is already apparent that replacement operations are not the ultimate answer for treating every joint deformity. This volume represents the European experience of different types of surgery in treat ing arthrosis of the joints of the lower limb. A reader of the Anglo-American literature will find suggestions in it which reaffirm his uneasiness in considering only one solution for problems concerning lower limb joints. I feel strongly that there are other ways which allow a patient to function well with less extensive operations."

It is with pleasure that we offer these introductory remarks for the Manual of Internal Fixation in the Horse, a book describing a further application of AO or ASIF techniques. The letters A-O stand for the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fUr Osteosynthesefragen and have been trans lated into the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation. The organization is truly a "study group," created in Switzerland, that met for the first time in 1958. The major goal was to establish a task of fracture treatment by force committed to the improvement osteosynthesis. The group's motivation arose out of the then prevailing unsound or inconsistently successful attempts at fracture treatment. According to statistics obtained from the Swiss National Health Insurance Program at the time, the so-called conservative treatment of fractures had resulted in a high rate of persistent morbidity. The problems encoun tered included: irreparable damage due to long-term immobilization; delayed union or pseudoarthrosis; malalignment; and, inadequate reduction of intraarticular fractures with resultant osteoarthritis. Accurate, stable osteosynthesis seemed the only practical way to address those various shortcomings. However, many of the osteosyn theses performed at that time had led to new problems, since most were not stable and, in some cases, actually worked to prevent healing."

In the first in-depth study of the emotional dimensions of Du Bois's and Emerson's writings on public intellectualism, reform, and race, Schneider offers a valuable and eloquent contribution to the critical tradition.

Stochastic Geometry is the mathematical discipline which studies mathematical models for random geometric structures. This book collects lectures presented at the CIME summer school in Martina Franca in September 2004. The main lecturers covered Spatial Statistics, Random Points, Integral Geometry and Random Sets. These are complemented by two additional contributions on Random Mosaics and Crystallization Processes. The book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date description of important aspects of Stochastic Geometry.

At the end of the twentieth century, tourism is the world's largest single industry. Tourism, however, is not only an economic and social phenomenon but can be 'read' in semiotic terms centred around dreams of alternatives to everyday life. The images, which today dominate advertisements for tourist products, had to be constructed and sustained, invented and remoulded over a long historical process. It seems that without this distinctive historical and cultural 'baggage' the remarkable social practice of taking holidays would not have evolved. Even if tourism saw its most spectacular development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in terms of the numbers involved, it rests on a cultural foundation inaugurated in the early modern period. The Making of Modern Tourism was a long-term process, deeply rooted in the cultural and intellectual, economic and social history of Britain.

John R. Schneider explores the problem that animal suffering, caused by the inherent nature of Darwinian evolution, poses to belief in theism. Examining the aesthetic aspects of this moral problem, Schneider focuses on the three prevailing approaches to it: that the Fall caused animal suffering in nature (Lapsarian Theodicy), that Darwinian evolution was the only way for God to create an acceptably good and valuable world (Only-Way Theodicy), and that evolution is the source of major, God-justifying beauty (Aesthetic Theodicy). He also uses canonical texts and doctrines from Judaism and Christianity - notably the book of Job, and the doctrines of the incarnation, atonement, and resurrection - to build on insights taken from the non-lapsarian alternative approaches. Schneider thus constructs an original, God-justifying account of God and the evolutionary suffering of animals. His book enables readers to see that the Darwinian configuration of animal suffering unveiled by scientists is not as implausible on Christian theism as commonly supposed.

Die Landschaftsoekologie als Wissenschaft von der Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehung im weitesten Sinne ist als Fachbereich zwischen unterschiedlichen Disziplinen angeordnet. Sie stellt den Zusammenhang Mensch - Natur - Raum in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Theorie, aber auch ihrer praktischen Arbeit. Gegenstand der Landschaftsoekologie ist das Landschaftsoekosystem. Es umfasst die Gesamtrealitat, die sich aus dem Zusammenspiel von menschlichem Wirken, naturgegebenen Rahmenbedingungen und regionalen raumlichen Gegebenheiten ergibt. Die Autoren behandeln folgende Themenbereiche: Grundlagen der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Allgemeine Methoden und Modelle der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Faktoren- und prozessbezogene Methoden und Modelle der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Raumbewertung in der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Landschaftsbewertung aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht.

Ich war 14, als ich glticklicher Besitzer meines ersten Computers, eines Sinclair ZX81, wurde und nicht viel alter, als ich gemeinsam mit meinem guten Freund Stephan Schulz begann, Computer-Software zu programmieren und zu vermark ten. Wahrscheinlich gibt es keine bessere Schule fur die direkte Kopplung von Entwicklung und Verkauf, als irgendwann im Leben alles das einmal selbst ge macht zu haben. Wir experimentierten mit Direktmarketing, Verkauf tiber Resel ler, Distribution und strategischen Partnern. Leider wurden wir dabei nicht reich und mussten nach dem Abitur dann doch Studieren und damit etwas Verntinftiges lernen, urn nicht zu verhungern. Trotz eines BWL-Studiums bin ich der IT-Branche treu geblieben und habe seit 1987 in verschiedenen Marketingfunktionen gearbeitet. Ich habe in der Zeit eine groBe Zahl von IT-Unternehmen auch aus der Nahe kennen gelernt und neben groBen Erfolgsgeschichten auch so manchen Untergang miterlebt. Die meisten der Kollegen, die ich dabei kennen gelernt habe, werden mir recht geben, dass unser Alltag, Marketing in der IT-Branche, mit dem, was wir einmal gelernt haben, nur in den Grundztigen tibereinstimmt und dass leider auch die Patentrezepte amerika nischer Marketinggurus nicht ganz so einfach auf deutsche Verhaltnisse zu tiber tragen sind."

Die Landschaftsoekologie als Wissenschaft von der Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehung im weitesten Sinne ist als Fachbereich zwischen unterschiedlichen Disziplinen angeordnet. Sie stellt den Zusammenhang Mensch - Natur - Raum in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Theorie, aber auch ihrer praktischen Arbeit. Gegenstand der Landschaftsoekologie ist das Landschaftsoekosystem. Es umfasst die Gesamtrealitat, die sich aus dem Zusammenspiel von menschlichem Wirken, naturgegebenen Rahmenbedingungen und regionalen raumlichen Gegebenheiten ergibt. Die Autoren behandeln folgende Themenbereiche: Grundlagen der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Allgemeine Methoden und Modelle der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Faktoren- und prozessbezogene Methoden und Modelle der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Raumbewertung in der Angewandten Landschaftsoekologie; Landschaftsbewertung aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht.

Ich war 14, als ich glticklicher Besitzer meines ersten Computers, eines Sinclair ZX81, wurde und nicht viel alter, als ich gemeinsam mit meinem guten Freund Stephan Schulz begann, Computer-Software zu programmieren und zu vermark ten. Wahrscheinlich gibt es keine bessere Schule fur die direkte Kopplung von Entwicklung und Verkauf, als irgendwann im Leben alles das einmal selbst ge macht zu haben. Wir experimentierten mit Direktmarketing, Verkauf tiber Resel ler, Distribution und strategischen Partnern. Leider wurden wir dabei nicht reich und mussten nach dem Abitur dann doch Studieren und damit etwas Verntinftiges lernen, urn nicht zu verhungern. Trotz eines BWL-Studiums bin ich der IT-Branche treu geblieben und habe seit 1987 in verschiedenen Marketingfunktionen gearbeitet. Ich habe in der Zeit eine groBe Zahl von IT-Unternehmen auch aus der Nahe kennen gelernt und neben groBen Erfolgsgeschichten auch so manchen Untergang miterlebt. Die meisten der Kollegen, die ich dabei kennen gelernt habe, werden mir recht geben, dass unser Alltag, Marketing in der IT-Branche, mit dem, was wir einmal gelernt haben, nur in den Grundztigen tibereinstimmt und dass leider auch die Patentrezepte amerika nischer Marketinggurus nicht ganz so einfach auf deutsche Verhaltnisse zu tiber tragen sind."

Den Weg von der Aligemeinchirurgie zur Hiiftchirurgie zu finden, brauchte es in den 50er Jahren den Gliicksfall einer ziindenden Anregung. Es war fiir mich die Begegnung mit Maurice E. Miiller, der seit 1952 regelmaBig nach GroB- h6chstetten kam und dem ich die ganze Einfiihrnng in die Problematik der Osteosynthese und der operativen Be- handlung der Coxarthrose verdanke. Insbesondere sein Buch iiber die hiiftnahen Femurosteotomien von 1957 und das praktische Erlebnis der Gelenkregeneration nach inter- trochanterer Osteotomie wurden fUr mich wegleitend. Die Problematik bestand damals wie heute in der Planung und in der Verwirklichung der Planung. Die damaligen Osteo- synthesen mit Schrauben, Spickdrahten, Zuggurtungsdrah- ten, Nageln und vielfachen Platten waren unbefriedigend, da sie die fehlerlose Verwirklichung eines Operationspla- nes nicht erm6glichten. Erst die Einfiihrung der AO-Hiift- platten durch Miiller im Juli 1959 ergab durch drei Ele- mente die prazise Verwirklichung des Operationsplans. Es sind dies - der bekannte, feste Winkel zwischen Plattenklinge und Platte - das Schneiden des Klingensitzes vor der Osteotomie nach Berechnung seiner Lage - die stabile Osteosynthese durch interfragmentare Kom- pression. Es muB heute die entscheidende Bedeutung dieser Ent- wicklung betont werden. Die rl}ffinierten, mehrdimensio- nalen Korrekturen waren ohne exakte Verwirklichung des Operationsplans und ohne stabile Osteosynthese undenk- bar. Auch die Technik der Osteotomie hat sich in dieser Zeit geandert. Bis 1967 haben wir sie mit Bohrl6chem, Vorwort VIII MeiBel und Giglisage vorgenommen. Die Oszillationssage ist unentbehrlich geworden. Mein erster Dank gilt meinem alten Freund Maurice E. Muller.

Im Mittelpunkt des Buchs steht ein bisher weitgehend unerforschtes Arbeitsgebiet des niederlandischen Mathematikers van der Waerden: seine Beitrage zur gruppentheoretischen Methode in der Quantenmechanik um 1930. Entstehungsgeschichte, Inhalt und Wirkung werden von der Autorin detailliert herausgearbeitet und die damalige Kontroverse um den Nutzen der gruppentheoretischen Methode erortert. Dadurch legt sie nicht nur die Vielschichtigkeit von Mathematisierungsprozessen offen, sondern auch ihre Ruckwirkung auf Entwicklungen in der reinen" Mathematik."

ProzeAtechnologie behandelt Fertigungsverfahren integrierter Schaltungen in CMOS-Technologie. Hierbei werden zunAchst die Einzelprozesse behandelt, die der Strukturerzeugung, StrukturA1/4bertragung, Schichterzeugung und Schichtmodifikation zugerechnet werden. Im AnschluA daran wird gezeigt, wie Einzelprozesse zu einem GesamtprozeA fA1/4r die Herstellung von CMOS-Schaltungen integriert werden. Auf die Charakterisierung der Prozesse und die Entwicklung der Entwurfsregeln wird eingegangen. Das Buch basiert auf dem reichen Erfahrungsschatz fertigungsorientierter Technologen.