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The Book of Causes, highly influential in the medieval university,
was commonly but incorrectly understood to be the completion of
Aristotle's metaphysics. It was Thomas Aquinas who first judged it
to have been abstracted from Proclus's Elements of Theology,
presumably by an unknown Arabic author, who added to it ideas of
his own. The Book of Causes is of particular interest because
themes that appear in it are echoed in the metaphysics of Aquinas:
its treatment of being (esse) as proceeding from the First Creating
Cause; the triadic scheme of being, living, and knowing; and the
general scheme of participation in which "all is in all." Thus, the
Book of Causes provides a historical backdrop for understanding and
appreciating Aquinas's development of these themes in his
metaphysics. Thomas's Commentary on the Book of Causes, composed
during the first half of 1272, is a distinct philosophical work in
its own right. It provides an extended view of his approach to
Neoplatonic thought and functions as a guide to his metaphysics.
Though long neglected and, until now, never translated into
English, it deserves an equal place alongside his commentaries on
Aristotle and Boethius. In addition to the extensive annotation,
bibliography, and thorough introduction, this translation is
accompanied by two valuable appendices. The first provides a
translation of another version of proposition 29 of the Book of
Causes, which was not known to St. Thomas. The second lists
citations of the Book of Causes found in the works of St. Thomas
and cross-references these to a list showing the works, and the
exact location within them, where the citations can be found.
Bluetongue may be described as an acute insect borne disease of
ruminants, manifested clinically in sheep by a catarrhal
inflammation of the mucous mem branes of the digestive and
respiratory systems and associated with degenerative changes in the
skeletal musculature. The profound emaciation and weakness which
follow the acute disease are responsible for a protracted
convalescence and for serious economic losses due to diminished
productivity. II. Historical During the early colonisation of
Africa, susceptible Merino and other European breeds of sheep were
introduced into the Cape, at first by the Dutch East India Company
between 1652 and 1785 and again later in 1870. A report of the
Cattle and Sheep Diseases Commission (1876) records the appearance
of a serious febrile disease amongst these imported sheep in which
both morbidity and mortality was high (cited by HENNING, 1949).
HuTCHEON (1881) gave this disease the name of "Fever" or "Epizootic
Catarrh," in order to distinguish it from other clinical conditions
of a similar nature encountered amongst sheep. In the first com
prehensive description of this clinical syndrome and its
epizootiology HuTCHEON (1902) referred to it as "Malarial Catarrhal
Fever of Sheep," a designation which was obviously influenced by
the mistaken belief that an intracorpuscular parasite was the
primary cause of the disease. More systematic studies were
conducted by SPREULL (1902; 1905), who endeavoured to immunize
sheep by the simultaneous inoculation of immune serum and infective
blood."
The major cause of death in the Western world is some form of
vascular disease; and principal among these forms is
atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). Although much is known about
the etiology and treatment of ASHD, there is, as yet, no specific
means of prognosis of an impending coronary episode. There are,
however, several indications of susceptibility to coronary disease,
generally known as risk factors, the foremost of which is
hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is more commonly designated as
hypercholesteremia or triglyceridemia, depending upon which moiety
is elevated, but since lipids are transported in the blood as
members of a lipoprotein complex, the most descriptive general term
would be hyperlipoproteinemia. This volume represents an effort to
elucidate the origins and metabolic behavior of lipoproteins and
their components, to describe aspects of the morphology,
biochemistry and experimental induction of ASHD, and to describe
modalities of treatment. The contributions to this book include
descriptions of cholesterol synthesis and metabolism, as well as
the metabolism of bile acids, the principal products of cholesterol
metabolism. There are also chapters on the mechanisms of
hyperlipidemia and on lipoprotein metabolism. The induction of
experimental atherosclerosis and the aortic structural changes
caused by this disease are discussed.
Following World War II, Americans expected that the United
States would wage another major war against a superpower. Instead,
the nation has fought limited wars against much weaker states, such
as North Korea, North Vietnam, and Iraq. This revised and updated
edition of "Presidential Decisions for War" analyzes the means by
which four presidents have taken the nation to war and assesses the
effectiveness of each president's leadership during those
conflicts.
Gary Hess recreates the unfolding crises in Korea, Vietnam, and
Iraq to probe the reasons why Presidents Truman, Johnson, George H.
W. Bush, and George W. Bush and their advisors decided in favor of
war. He compares the performance of the commanders-in-chief and
evaluates how effectively each understood U.S. interests, explored
alternatives to war, adhered to constitutional processes, and built
congressional, popular, and international support. A new conclusion
points out, that unlike the administrations of Truman, Johnson, and
the elder Bush, George W. Bush's White House actively sought to
change the international order through preemptive war and
aggressive democracy building.
Fully revised and featuring an examination of how each of the
presidents learned from history and juggled the demands on
diplomacy, this comparative study of presidential war-making
elucidates how effective executive leadership--or its
absence--directly affects the outcome of wars.
fen, zum Verstehen und Erklaren und damit zur eigentlichen, nur dem
Menschen eigenen weiteren intellektuellen Entwicklung. Die Sprache
bleibt aber lange Zeit egozentrisch. Sie dient lange kaum der
gegenseitigen Information, sondern sie begleitet das Handeln des
Kindes und gibt ihm Betonung. Das Kleinkind halt Monologe. Oft
fahrt es selbst dann damit fort, wenn es mit andern zusammen ist:
Es spricht ohne sich zu kiimmern, ob ihm zugehort und es verstanden
wird. Die ersten Substantive bedeuten einen Befehl oder Wunsch
("Brot" bedeutet die Auf forderung, Brot zu geben). Spater tritt
die Neigung auf zu fragen und andere zu kritisieren. Erst langsam
wird die Sprache zur Information und zum Gedankenaus tausch
gebraucht. Noch im Alter des Schuleintritts sind etwa die Halfte
der spon tanen Aussagen eines Kindes ganz egozentrisch und dienen
nicht dem Dialog. Nach der Bildung der ersten Begriffe entwickelt
sich ein reiches Phantasieleben, die Marchen bekommen groBe
Bedeutung und im Spiele leben sich symbolisch phantastische
Vorstellungen aus. Mit dem ersten Gestaltwandel etwa im 6.
Lebensjahr ist das Kind reifer fUr konkretes und logisches Denken.
Es setzt sich als eigene Person der Umwelt gegen iiber ab und fUhlt
sich nicht mehr wie friiher einfach als Teil derselben. Die bild
haft-phantastischen Vorstellungen treten in den Hintergrund und an
deren Stelle sammelt das Kind genaue Beobachtungen von Einzelheiten
und sucht einfache Zusammenhange. Langsam iiberwindet es die
kleinkindliche Egozentrizitat. 1m Pubertatsalter beschleunigt sich
die Entwicklung zum abstrakteren Den ken, zu iibersehen, das
Wesentliche hervorzuheben."
RUDOLF HESSE, derVerfasser der ersten drei, 1939, 1943 und 1949
erschienenen Auflagen dieses Buches, ist am 25. 7. 1956 gestorben.
Ffir die vierte Auflage hatte er schon manches vorgearbeitet,
hinterlieB aber nur den Entwurf fiir das Manuskript. Deshalb
iibernahm der Herausgeber die Aufgabe, die noch bestehenden Liicken
zu schlieBen und alles griindlich zu iiberarbeiten, zumal die
neuere Entwicklung des LichtbogenschweiBens Erganzungen und
Verbesserungen notwendig machte. So wurden das SchutzgasschweiBen
und die neuen DIN-Normen iiber Bezeichnungen und Sinnbilder fUr die
SchweiBnahte und iiber SchweiBelektroden, ferner das SchweiBen der
NichteisenmetaIle und das elektrische Schneiden sowie die aus dem
Leserkreise stammenden Anregungen und sonstige Erfahrungen
beriicksichtigt. Herrn E. KRAEMER, Hamburg, dankt der Herausgeber
fiir verschiedene Ver- besserungsvorschHige und seine freundliche
Hilfe bei Durchsicht der Korrektur. Das Buch wendet sich, wie in
den friiheren Auflagen, in erster Linie an aIle jene, die das
SchweiBen mit dem elektrischen Lichtbogen erlernen wollen. DafUr
soll es und Erfahrungen in allgemeinverstand- die wichtigsten
grundlegenden Kenntnisse licher Form vermitteln, zur Festigung und
Vertiefung des Wissens, das sich der ElektroschweiBer in
Grundkursen und Fortgeschrittenen-Kursen unter Anleitung erfahrener
LehrschweiBer aneignet. Vielleicht kann dieses Biichlein auch in
der Hand des LehrschweiBers Nutzen bringen oder auch dem
Studierenden und dem Betriebsmann Anregungen geben. Sein Stoff ist
auf die Praxis des Lichtbogen-HandschweiBens beschrankt.
Einrichtungen ffir die Stromerzeugung, fiir das automatische
SchweiBen, das elektrische WiderstandsschweiBen usw. werden in
anderen Werkstattbiichern be- handelt, die im Schrifttum am SchluB
des Buches angegeben sind.
Richard Hess has written an insightful commentary on one of the
most intriguing books of the Bible, which celebrates God's gift of
love. Following an introduction to the biblical book and a history
of its interpretation, Hess divides his discussion into seven major
sections. Each section begins with a fresh translation, followed by
paragraph-by-paragraph commentary, and concluding with a summary of
the passage's theological implications. Technical questions related
to the Hebrew text or scholarly debate are addressed in the
footnotes. Pastors and teachers will find here an accessible
commentary that will serve as an excellent resource for their
study. This is the first volume in the Baker Commentary on the Old
Testament Wisdom and Psalms series.
Please visit www.cancerstaging.org for information about content
updates and staging forms. The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual is used
by physicians and health care professionals throughout the world to
facilitate the uniform description and reporting of neoplastic
diseases. Proper classification and staging of cancer is essential
for the physician to assign proper treatment, evaluate results of
management and clinical trials, and to serve as the standard for
local, regional and international reporting on cancer incidence and
outcome. Significantly expanded and developed by international
disease site expert panels, the Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging
Manual brings together all the currently available knowledge on
staging of cancer at various anatomic sites. In this edition,
evidence-based TNM staging is supplemented, as appropriate, by
selected molecular markers and newly acquired insights into the
molecular underpinnings of cancer. This edition features 12
entirely new staging systems, a wide range of changed or new
staging definitions, and a refined emphasis on a
personalized-medicine approach. To enhance the print and electronic
usability of the cancer staging forms, they are now available
exclusively for access and downloading at www.cancerstaging.org.
The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual remains the gold
standard reference for oncologists, surgeons, pathologists,
radiologists, cancer registrars and medical professionals
world-wide to ensure that all those caring for cancer patients are
fully versed in the language of cancer staging.
Series Editor: Akira Iriye, Harvard University
The volumes in this series critically assess United States
foreign relations since 1945 by presenting both historical and
contemporary information on the effect that U.S. politics and
economics have had on a multitude of areas around the world. Each
volume is an authoritative, readable account by a preeminent
historian and includes: A concise chronology of major events
Background on pre-1945 history Details on the development and
impact of U.S. foreign policy Explication of themes in postwar
international relations Insights into the effects of U.S. policy on
people worldwide Illustrations, bibliographic essay, and index
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