"Income-Poverty and Beyond" emphasizes the need to go beyond the conventional definition of poverty and look at the various human aspects of the problem. A team of eminent social scientists - Suresh Tendulkar, Abusaleh Shariff, R Radhakrishna, MSS Meenakshisundaram, Seeta K Prabhu, Ravi Srivastava and the editors, Raja J Chelliah and R Sudarshan - take a comprehensive view of poverty to include the concept of human poverty, seen as the "the denial of opportunities and choices most basic to human development." Special care has been taken to make the information and analysis accessible to the general readerUsing the latest available data for India as well as edited versions of papers commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for a South Asia poverty monitor the broad conclusion that has emerged is that more public action is needed to counter the high prevalence of human poverty. Therefore, measures to reduce income-poverty, including high rates of economic growth are not sufficient.The first two chapters dwell on the concept of income-poverty, interstate and inter group disparities, and poverty trends in India over the decade 1983-94. There follows an examination of human development in rural India, availability of food for the poor, various programs aimed at removing poverty, the indices for human poverty and public financing of social services, human priority expenditures, and human expenditure ratios for the Indian states. The perceptions of the poor themselves in assessing their own poverty and in developing policies to improve their status are discussed and an Epilogue appeals to the national and international community to take serious note of human poverty inthe midst of which we all live.This book will be invaluable to teachers, students, policy-makers and others who need to understand the multi-faceted nature of poverty in India.

Income - Poverty and Beyond emphasizes the need to go beyond the conventional definition of poverty and look at the various human aspects of the problem. Eminent social scientists such as Suresh Tendulkar, Abusaleh Shariff, R Radhakrishna, M S S Meenakshisundaram, Seeta K Prabhu, Ravi Srivastava and the editors, Raja J Chelliah and R Sudarshan, take a comprehensive view of poverty to include the concept of human poverty, seen as the the denial of opportunities and choices most basic to human development'. Special care has been taken to make the information and analysis accessible to the general reader. Using the latest available data for India as well as edited versions of papers commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for a South-Asia poverty monitor, the broad conclusion that has emerged is that more public action is needed to counter the high prevalence of human poverty. Therefore, current measures to reduce income-poverty, including high rates of economic growth, are not sufficient. The first two chapters dwell on the concept of income-poverty, interstate and intergroup disparities and poverty trends in India over the decade 198394. This is followed by an examination of human development in rural India, availability of food to the poor, various programmes aimed at removing poverty, the indices of human poverty and public financing of social services, human priority expenditures, and human expenditure ratios for the Indian states. The perceptions of the poor in assessing their own poverty and in developing policies to improve their status are discussed, and an epilogue appeals to the national and international community to take serious note of human poverty in the midst of which we all live.

India became independent in 1947 and, after nearly three years of debate in the Constituent Assembly, adopted a Constitution that came into effect on 26 January 1950. This Constitution has lasted until the present, with its basic structure unaltered, a remarkable achievement given that the generally accepted prerequisites for democratic stability did not exist, and do not exist even today. Half a century of constitutional democracy is something that political scientists and legal scholars need to analyze and explain. This volume examines the career of constitutional-political ideas (implicitly of Western origin) in the text of the Indian Constitution or implicit within it, as well as in actual political practice in the country over the past half-century.

"India s Living Constitution" examines the constitution that was adopted nearly three years after independence on 26 January 1950, and which remarkably survives today with its basic structure unaltered. This is an extraordinary achievement given that the generally accepted prerequisites for democratic stability did not exist at the time of its composition, and do not even exist today. Half a century of constitutional democracy is a phenomenon that political scientists and legal scholars need to analyse and explain.The Indian Constitution outlined the framework and organization of the political and social order. This included universal citizenship and suffrage, civil and political liberties, and a vision of social justice and equality. Many of these constitutional provisions aimed to bring about a fundamental change in the structure of Indian society. But society does not change with the adoption of a radically new constitution. While constitutionalism is about rules, democracy follows a wayward path, driven by the passions of competing political visions, interests and mass mobilization.This new collection by a group of distinguished scholars rigorously analyses the constitutional-political ideas -- implicitly of Western origin -- that are embedded in the text of the Indian Constitution, and their evolution in political practice in the country over the past 50 years.

Indian retail business is undergoing dramatic transformation. The retail sector is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with over 5 million outlets. Due to their small size, and unlike retailers in developed countries, Indian retailers have very little bargaining power vis- -vis the manufacturers. In the emerging scenario, traditional formats of retailing (like hawkers, grocers, and paan shops) are now co-existing with modern formats like supermarkets and non-store retailing channels, such as multi-level marketing and teleshopping. The structure of India's retail sector has an enormous influence on marketing strategy and marketing activities of firms. The Indian retail sector has arrived at a very critical stage. Stores in modern formats have emerged in the metropolitan cities, but the bulk of the retail sales still take place through traditional retail formats. The development of modern retailing is of great interest to marketing scholars, practitioners, and policy makers. The emergence of new formats of retailing has attracted the attention of government functionaries, company managers, and economic analysts. This book analyzes the developments in retailing in India. It consists of 20 papers authored by scholars in the field. This work will appeal to all categories of readers, particularly students of business management, economics, and commerce; company executives; government officials; and non-governmental organizations monitoring developments in the Indian economy.