Blast is an important foliar disease that infects the majority of cereal crops like rice, finger millet, pearl millet, foxtail millet and wheat, and thus resulting in a huge economic impact. The pathogen is responsible for causing epidemics in many crops and commonly shifts to new hosts. Magnaporthe spp. is the most prominent cause of blast disease on a broad host range of grasses including rice as well as other species of poaceae family. To date, 137 members of Poaceae hosting this fungus have been described in Fungal Databases. This book provides information on all blast diseases of different cereal crops. The pathogen evolves quickly due to its high variability, and thus can quickly adapt to new cultivars and cause an epidemic in a given crop. Some of the topics covered here include historical perspectives, pathogen evolution, host range shift, cross-infectivity, and pathogen isolation, use of chemicals fungicides, genetics and genomics, and management of blast disease in different cereal crops with adoption of suitable methodologies.In the past two decades there have been significant developments in genomics and proteomics approaches and there has been substantial and rapid progress in the cloning and mapping of R genes for blast resistance, as well as in comparative genomics analysis for resolving delineation of Magnaporthe species that infect both cereals and grass species. Blast disease resistance follows a typical gene-for-gene hypothesis. Identification of new Avr genes and effector molecules from Magnaporthe spp. can be useful to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the fast evolution of different strains of this fungal genus. Advances in these areas may help to reduce the occurrence of blast disease by the identification of potential R genes for effective deployment. Additionally, this book highlights the importance of blast disease that infects different cereal hosts in the context of climate change, and genomics approaches that may potentially help in understanding and applying new concepts and technologies that can make real impact in sustainable management of blast disease in different cereal crops.

Focuses on different cereals for nutritive and functional characteristics Explores mechanical, biological, thermal and non-thermal processing treatments of cereals Presents impact of different treatments on biological and techno-functional properties of cereals Discusses characteristics of the processed products

Covers diverse biological and functional features of nutri-cereals to dictate their potential as functional ingredients in value added products Discusses the nutraceutical potential of ten cereals: sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, proso millet, black wheat and Amaranthus. Explains how these grains are ideal ingredients for gluten free food formulations with enhanced bio- and techno- functional characteristics

Blast is an important foliar disease that infects the majority of cereal crops like rice, finger millet, pearl millet, foxtail millet and wheat, and thus resulting in a huge economic impact. The pathogen is responsible for causing epidemics in many crops and commonly shifts to new hosts. Magnaporthe spp. is the most prominent cause of blast disease on a broad host range of grasses including rice as well as other species of poaceae family. To date, 137 members of Poaceae hosting this fungus have been described in Fungal Databases. This book provides information on all blast diseases of different cereal crops. The pathogen evolves quickly due to its high variability, and thus can quickly adapt to new cultivars and cause an epidemic in a given crop. Some of the topics covered here include historical perspectives, pathogen evolution, host range shift, cross-infectivity, and pathogen isolation, use of chemicals fungicides, genetics and genomics, and management of blast disease in different cereal crops with adoption of suitable methodologies.In the past two decades there have been significant developments in genomics and proteomics approaches and there has been substantial and rapid progress in the cloning and mapping of R genes for blast resistance, as well as in comparative genomics analysis for resolving delineation of Magnaporthe species that infect both cereals and grass species. Blast disease resistance follows a typical gene-for-gene hypothesis. Identification of new Avr genes and effector molecules from Magnaporthe spp. can be useful to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the fast evolution of different strains of this fungal genus. Advances in these areas may help to reduce the occurrence of blast disease by the identification of potential R genes for effective deployment. Additionally, this book highlights the importance of blast disease that infects different cereal hosts in the context of climate change, and genomics approaches that may potentially help in understanding and applying new concepts and technologies that can make real impact in sustainable management of blast disease in different cereal crops.

The assurance of the quality and the reliability of the pharmaceutical products together with their careful control are a moral obligation arising from the humanism towards the sick.Consequently the manufacture and the control of drugs is a very responsible task and needs substantial knowledge of science.Drug analysis is carried by analytical methods which further classified as Chemical and Instrumental Analytical methods. Although chemical methods are cheap, but instrumental methods are very fast and accurate.A search of literature reveals that there are very few methods available for the determination of Ofloxacin in combination with Ornidazole. Various methods reported are basically HPLC/RP-HPLC etc. These methods are very expensive and cannot be afforded by small scale industries.In the present study we attempted to develop a simple, rapid, economical and selective method for the estimation of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole in combined dosage tablet form using U.V.-Vis. Spectrophotometer.The spectrophotometric estimation of Ornidazole and Ofloxacin was statistically evaluated and was found to be very accurate. proposed method can be employed for routine analysis in Quality Control.

The rising cost of fuel oil compelled the industry to search for alternative fuels and biomass and hence the production of fermentable sugars from renewable lignocellulosic waste materials, which can be used as feedstock for the production of biofuel. Ethanol is a high octane, water free alcohol produced from renewable resources like wheat straw, rice husk, corn, wood and other biomaterials. Ethanol is most often blended with gasoline - usually as a 10 per cent mix - to create a fuel called gasohol. Ethanol blended fuels like gasohol, act as natural antifreeze, and appear to burn more efficiently in combustion engines. As well, ethanol is used commercially in producing food grade vinegar, food extracts, pharmaceutical products. In the last decade, most research has tended to focus on developing an economical and ecofriendly ethanol production process. Much emphasis is being given to the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass and other forms of agricultural and forestry residues