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The ability of an epithelial cell to adhere to its neighbor and
to the extracellular environment is an essential process that
defines in part a normal multicellular organism. In the
post-genomic era of cancer biology, it is known that epithelial
tumors are multi-clonal and are genetically unstable. In contrast,
during the process of tumor metastasis, which is the major cause of
death from cancer, a restricted set of adhesion molecules are
displayed on the tumor cell surface. The adhesion molecules provide
a selective advantage for migration of the tumor cell to a distant
site. In this volume, the expression of specific adhesion molecules
within human cancer tissues are highlighted. The expression
signatures from published DNA microarray and immunohistochemistry
studies are detailed. The concept that the alteration of specific
adhesion molecules influence the cancer migration ability and
cancer damage responses is detailed in this volume; both features
are essential for the survival of an invading tumor cell. Defining
the minimal adhesion receptors preserved on cancer cells during
tumor progression will define the metastatic adhesion signature.
Understanding the metastatic adhesion signature will reveal
vulnerabilities that could be exploited for the prevention and/or
eradication of the invading cancer cell.
In the past, many tumor marker laboratory tests have not been
sensitive enough for the very early detection of cancer. However,
many of them have nonetheless proved useful in monitoring therapy,
following the course of the tumor, and predicting prog- nosis.
Today, cancer may be viewed as a genetic disease with various
specific chromo- somal and nucleotide aberrations, such as
mutations, deletions, gene amplification, gene rearrangements, and
translocations occurring during the transformation of a nor- mal
cell into a malignant cell. The considerable advances in technology
during the past several years have greatly enhanced our ability to
detect human cancers in the very early stages of tumor forma- tion.
These technologies include: (1) nucleotide molecular assays
(genomics); (2) proteomics (multiplex protein measurements); (3)
DNA microarrays; and (4) bio- informatics. Many of these
technologies are already helping in the integration and use of
multiple biomarkers for tumors. Although the individual biomarkers
may reveal only limited information, the use of multiple biomarkers
can help markedly elevate the diagnostic capabilities for early
detection of tumors.
The ability of an epithelial cell to adhere to its neighbor and to
the extracellular environment is an essential process that defines
in part a normal multicellular organism. In the post-genomic era of
cancer biology, it is known that epithelial tumors are multi-clonal
and are genetically unstable. In contrast, during the process of
tumor metastasis, which is the major cause of death from cancer, a
restricted set of adhesion molecules are displayed on the tumor
cell surface. The adhesion molecules provide a selective advantage
for migration of the tumor cell to a distant site. In this volume,
the expression of specific adhesion molecules within human cancer
tissues are highlighted. The expression signatures from published
DNA microarray and immunohistochemistry studies are detailed. The
concept that the alteration of specific adhesion molecules
influence the cancer migration ability and cancer damage responses
is detailed in this volume; both features are essential for the
survival of an invading tumor cell. Defining the minimal adhesion
receptors preserved on cancer cells during tumor progression will
define the metastatic adhesion signature. Understanding the
metastatic adhesion signature will reveal vulnerabilities that
could be exploited for the prevention and/or eradication of the
invading cancer cell.
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