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First published in 1981, this edited collection reviews the
operations of state-owned enterprises, examining the actual
performance of such organisations in the advanced industrialised
countries. The authors consider the regularities and
characteristics of state-owned enterprises, in particular the
persistent efforts of managers to increase their autonomy and
escape from the oversight of government agencies and the public.
Chapters consider principles of finance and decision-making in
these organisations and provide a truly international perspective
with case studies in Italy, France and Britain. This is a timely
reissue in context of the current economic climate, which will be
of great value to students and academics with an interest in the
nationalisation of companies, international business and the
relationship between governments and managers.
This is the key volume in the New York Metropolitan Region
Study. It is a synthesis and interpretation of the seven
specialized books that have already been published and the one that
is still awaiting publication. Here, at last, with a depth of
perspective made possible by the author's familiarity with the
unpublished as well as the published findings of the other
participants in the Study, is the whole picture--New York's busy
and varied economy as it is now, as it has been, and as it is
likely to be twenty-five years from now.
Beginning with the visible present, Mr. Vernon with swift
strokes lays bare the essentials of the economic history of the New
York Region. He shows how its industries grew out of one another,
the part played by labor, the early crucial role of the port, and
the later crucial role of "clustering" that enables firms to share
common facilities. He discusses the Region's advantages and
disadvantages for different kinds of business and industry, the
interrelation between the jobs in the Region and the people who
live in it. He traces the movement of jobs geographically in and
out of the Region as a whole, and also outward within the Region,
relating this outward movement to such developments as the
thinning-out of population in mid-city tenements and the continuing
boom in suburban split-levels. He analyzes the problems besetting
the multitude of local governments in the Region, and the crisis of
commuting and rapid transit services. Finally he projects the
metropolis of 1985, picturing it as all the infinitely complex
forces of its history to date indicate that it will be, if these
forces are not altered in their future operation by governmental
actions of unprecedented magnitude.
In this book there is clearly presented the information that
can enable the metropolitan dwellers themselves to communicate more
effectively with the experts whose business is objective evaluation
of urban problems. Once that communication is established, Mr.
Vernon says, "We shall have moved a giant step closer to the
objective of a more tolerable metropolitan environment."
First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
In a rapidly shrinking world, governments everywhere find
themselves increasingly obliged to deal with international economic
issues. When dealing with such issues, their processes of
decisionmaking prove strikingly different from those employed in
the handling of political or strategic problems. This unique volume
by Raymond Vernon, Debora L. Spar, and Glenn Tobin provides a
close-up view of the decisionmaking process within the U.S.
establishment as it has wrestled with a series of greatly
publicized economic issues in recent years. The book synthesizes a
literature that has been accumulating over three decades, deriving
from this literature a model of the processes of decisionmaking in
the field of U.S. foreign economic policy. Five detailed case
studies are presented, each covering a major economic plan or
agreement that raised significant controversy.
Since the process by which economic decisions are reached
involves institutions and characteristics quite different from
those encountered in political decisionmaking, Iron Triangles and
Revolving Doors emphasizes the persistent regularities to be found
in the United States when it comes to economic decisionmaking. The
opening chapter offers a model of the characteristics of the
foreign economic policymaking process. The next five chapters
examine the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement; the battle over the
codevelopment of the FSX fighter plane with Japan; the problem of
international debt and the creation of the Brady plan; and U.S.
trade policy and security export controls in light of the
Toshiba-Kongsberg affair. Each of these cases is linked to the
overall model of U.S. economic policy presented by the authors.
This volume will be an excellent text for university or graduate
courses in foreign economic policy, U.S. foreign policy, and
international political economy. It will also be of interest to
political scientists, economists, government officials, policy
analysts, and others looking for insights into economic
decisionmaking.
First published in 1981, this edited collection reviews the
operations of state-owned enterprises, examining the actual
performance of such organisations in the advanced industrialised
countries. The authors consider the regularities and
characteristics of state-owned enterprises, in particular the
persistent efforts of managers to increase their autonomy and
escape from the oversight of government agencies and the public.
Chapters consider principles of finance and decision-making in
these organisations and provide a truly international perspective
with case studies in Italy, France and Britain. This is a timely
reissue in context of the current economic climate, which will be
of great value to students and academics with an interest in the
nationalisation of companies, international business and the
relationship between governments and managers.
The world's multinational enterprises face a spell of rough
weather, political economist Ray Vernon argues, not only from the
host countries in which they have established their subsidiaries,
but also from their home countries. Such enterprises--a few
thousand in number, including Microsoft, Toyota, IBM, Siemens,
Samsung, and others--now generate about half of the world's
industrial output and half of the world's foreign trade; so any
change in the relatively benign climate in which they have operated
over the past decade will create serious tensions in international
economic relations. The warnings of such a change are already here.
In the United States, interests such as labor are increasingly
hostile to what they see as the costs and uncertainties of an open
economy. In Europe, those who want to preserve the social safety
net and those who feel that the net must be dismantled are
increasingly at odds. In Japan, the talk of "hollowing out" takes
on a new urgency as the country's "lifetime employment" practices
are threatened and as public and private institutions are subjected
to unaccustomed stress. The tendency of multinationals in different
countries to find common cause in open markets, strong patents and
trademarks, and international technical standards has been viewed
as a loss of national sovereignty and a weakening of the
nation-state system, producing hostile reactions in home countries.
The challenge for policy makers, Vernon argues, is to bridge the
quite different regimes of the multinational enterprise and the
nation-state. Both have a major role to play, and yet must make
basic changes in their practices and policies to accommodate each
other.
In a rapidly shrinking world, governments everywhere find
themselves increasingly obliged to deal with international economic
issues. When dealing with such issues, their processes of
decisionmaking prove strikingly different from those employed in
the handling of political or strategic problems. This unique volume
by Raymond Vernon, Debora L. Spar, and Glenn Tobin provides a
close-up view of the decisionmaking process within the U.S.
establishment as it has wrestled with a series of greatly
publicized economic issues in recent years. The book synthesizes a
literature that has been accumulating over three decades, deriving
from this literature a model of the processes of decisionmaking in
the field of U.S. foreign economic policy. Five detailed case
studies are presented, each covering a major economic plan or
agreement that raised significant controversy.
Since the process by which economic decisions are reached
involves institutions and characteristics quite different from
those encountered in political decisionmaking, Iron Triangles and
Revolving Doors emphasizes the persistent regularities to be found
in the United States when it comes to economic decisionmaking. The
opening chapter offers a model of the characteristics of the
foreign economic policymaking process. The next five chapters
examine the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement; the battle over the
codevelopment of the FSX fighter plane with Japan; the problem of
international debt and the creation of the Brady plan; and U.S.
trade policy and security export controls in light of the
Toshiba-Kongsberg affair. Each of these cases is linked to the
overall model of U.S. economic policy presented by the authors.
This volume will be an excellent text for university or graduate
courses in foreign economic policy, U.S. foreign policy, and
international political economy. It will also be of interest to
political scientists, economists, government officials, policy
analysts, and others looking for insights into economic
decisionmaking.
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