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This ethnography of Nadur Village explores the ramifications of
Kerala State's policy of wealth redistribution to achieve equality.
The author shows a decline in income inequality and an improved
quality of life for most villagers despite high unemployment, low
incomes and the persistence of inequalities that redistribution has
not overcome. This e
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe the world has witnessed a rising tide
of contentious elections ending in heated partisan debates, court
challenges, street protests, and legitimacy challenges. In some
cases, disputes have been settled peacefully through legal appeals
and electoral reforms. In the worst cases, however, disputes have
triggered bloodshed or government downfalls and military coups.
Contentious elections are characterized by major challenges, with
different degrees of severity, to the legitimacy of electoral
actors, procedures, or outcomes. Despite growing concern, until
recently little research has studied this phenomenon. The theory
unfolded in this volume suggests that problems of electoral
malpractice erode confidence in electoral authorities, spur
peaceful protests demonstrating against the outcome, and, in the
most severe cases, lead to outbreaks of conflict and violence.
Understanding this process is of vital concern for domestic
reformers and the international community, as well as attracting a
growing new research agenda. The editors, from the Electoral
Integrity Project, bring together scholars considering a range of
fresh evidence- analyzing public opinion surveys of confidence in
elections and voter turnout within specific countries, as well as
expert perceptions of the existence of peaceful electoral
demonstrations, and survey and aggregate data monitoring outbreaks
of electoral violence. The book provides insights invaluable for
studies in democracy and democratization, comparative politics,
comparative elections, peace and conflict studies, comparative
sociology, international development, comparative public opinion,
political behavior, political institutions, and public policy.
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe the world has witnessed a rising tide
of contentious elections ending in heated partisan debates, court
challenges, street protests, and legitimacy challenges. In some
cases, disputes have been settled peacefully through legal appeals
and electoral reforms. In the worst cases, however, disputes have
triggered bloodshed or government downfalls and military coups.
Contentious elections are characterized by major challenges, with
different degrees of severity, to the legitimacy of electoral
actors, procedures, or outcomes. Despite growing concern, until
recently little research has studied this phenomenon. The theory
unfolded in this volume suggests that problems of electoral
malpractice erode confidence in electoral authorities, spur
peaceful protests demonstrating against the outcome, and, in the
most severe cases, lead to outbreaks of conflict and violence.
Understanding this process is of vital concern for domestic
reformers and the international community, as well as attracting a
growing new research agenda. The editors, from the Electoral
Integrity Project, bring together scholars considering a range of
fresh evidence- analyzing public opinion surveys of confidence in
elections and voter turnout within specific countries, as well as
expert perceptions of the existence of peaceful electoral
demonstrations, and survey and aggregate data monitoring outbreaks
of electoral violence. The book provides insights invaluable for
studies in democracy and democratization, comparative politics,
comparative elections, peace and conflict studies, comparative
sociology, international development, comparative public opinion,
political behavior, political institutions, and public policy.
This ethnography of Nadur Village explores the ramifications of
Kerala State's policy of wealth redistribution to achieve equality.
The author shows a decline in income inequality and an improved
quality of life for most villagers despite high unemployment, low
incomes and the persistence of inequalities that redistribution has
not overcome. This e
The authors tell the story of a democratic workers' cooperative
that makes hand-rolled cigarettes, known as "beedis," in the
unorganized sector of a fiercely competitive capitalist economy in
India. For decades, beedi workers have been among the most
exploited and impoverished of India's work force. In 1969, in the
southwestern Indian state of Kerala, several thousand workers
banded together to form a worker-owned beedi cooperative. The
authors argue that their skill and determination, combined with
Kerala's generally leftist political culture, allowed them to beat
the odds. The cooperative surprised the private sector beedi barons
by creating an enterprise that has lasted and prospered, offering
the best wages and benefits in the business, while making a profit
and contributing to the local economy.The authors analyze the major
features of the cooperative, assessing its overall structure,
worker-elected management, shop floor democracy, and progress in
providing a better life for its worker-owners. Tensions are also
discussed, including the complaints of women workers and the need
for diversification from tobacco.
The authors tell the story of a democratic workers' cooperative
that makes hand-rolled cigarettes, known as "beedis," in the
unorganized sector of a fiercely competitive capitalist economy in
India. For decades, beedi workers have been among the most
exploited and impoverished of India's work force. In 1969, in the
southwestern Indian state of Kerala, several thousand workers
banded together to form a worker-owned beedi cooperative. The
authors argue that their skill and determination, combined with
Kerala's generally leftist political culture, allowed them to beat
the odds. The cooperative surprised the private sector beedi barons
by creating an enterprise that has lasted and prospered, offering
the best wages and benefits in the business, while making a profit
and contributing to the local economy.The authors analyze the major
features of the cooperative, assessing its overall structure,
worker-elected management, shop floor democracy, and progress in
providing a better life for its worker-owners. Tensions are also
discussed, including the complaints of women workers and the need
for diversification from tobacco.
Recent decades have seen growing concern about problems of
electoral integrity. The most overt malpractices used by rulers
include imprisoning dissidents, harassing adversaries, coercing
voters, vote-rigging counts, and even blatant disregard for the
popular vote. Serious violations of human rights, undermining
electoral credibility, are widely condemned by domestic observers
and the international community. Recent protests about integrity
have mobilized in countries as diverse as Russia, Mexico, and
Egypt. Elsewhere minor irregularities are common, exemplified by
inaccurate voter registers, maladministration of polling
facilities, lack of security in absentee ballots, pro-government
media bias, ballot miscounts, and gerrymandering. Long-standing
democracies are far from immune to these ills; past problems
include the notorious hanging chads in Florida in 2000 and more
recent accusations of voter fraud and voter suppression during the
Obama-Romney contest. In response to these developments, there have
been growing attempts to analyze flaws in electoral integrity using
systematic data from cross-national time-series, forensic analysis,
field experiments, case studies, and new instruments monitoring
mass and elite perceptions of malpractices. This volume collects
essays from international experts who evaluate the robustness,
conceptual validity, and reliability of the growing body of
evidence. The essays compare alternative approaches and apply these
methods to evaluate the quality of elections in several areas,
including in the United States, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin
America.
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