Legal academics in Europe publish a wide variety of materials including books, articles and essays, in an assortment of languages, and for a diverse readership. As a consequence, this variety can pose a problem for the evaluation of academic legal research. This thought-provoking book offers an overview of the legal and policy norms, methods and criteria applied in the evaluation of academic legal research, from a comparative perspective. The expert contributions explore developments relating to professional vs academic publications, editorial review vs peer review, rankings of journals and law schools vs other reputation mechanisms and a range of other evaluation practices and their intended and unintended effects. Analysing research evaluation practices across more than ten jurisdictions and multiple contexts, this insightful book reveals how evaluation practices differ across Europe. Through this analysis, the book exposes a range of possibilities for further debate and study. Engaging and topical, Evaluating Academic Legal Research in Europe will be valuable reading for legal academics, university and faculty managers, higher-education policy-makers and administrators as well as editors of law journals, legal publishers and research foundation and funding bodies. Contributors include: A. Bakardjieva Engelbrekt, K. Byland, D. Costa, J. Hojnik, P. Letto-Vanamo, A. Lienhard, D. Mac Sithigh, E. Maier, G. Peruginelli, N. Petersen, K. Purnhagen, A. Ruda Gonzalez, M. Schmied, M. Snel, R. van Gestel

Most general veterinarians don’t have time to read 'big' books about exotic medicine, but they do need to know how to treat birds in case of emergency: this concise guide offers all the practical information they need. The book can be read by veterinarians from cover-to-cover but it can also be dipped into for a quick reference re a specific problem during an emergency consultation, or when owners call about what to do in case of certain emergencies. The only book to focus solely on critical care in birds. Over 100 full colour illustrations Provides guidance to vets for giving advice to bird owners who need to do basic first aid at home, advising when and why to visit a veterinarian as soon as possible.

Due to their often small size and unique physical characteristics, birds can deteriorate rapidly in the event of illness and injury. Timely intervention in the event of clinical signs is therefore essential for an optimal prognosis. Authored by avian veterinarian Rob van Zon, this concise, practical guide will help veterinary professionals to provide first aid and emergency care for birds, as well as to instruct clients on providing basic first aid when they are unable to get to the clinic. The full-colour book, packed with photographs and anatomy drawings, includes instructions for veterinary professionals for stabilizing sick avian patients and management of many specific emergency situations at the veterinary clinic. This includes guidance for those presented with a moribund, critically ill patient i.e., recognising and treating hypothermia, hypoxia, hypovolaemia and hypoglycaemia. The book also lists of alarming signs of disease and toxic plants, and includes clinical procedures, emergency drug formulary and bandaging techniques. Finally, it offers guidance to veterinarians giving advice to bird owners for first aid at home.

In the twenty-first century, as traditional divides are redefined, bargaining over corporate responsibilities has increasingly centred around corporate reputation and the question of whether businesses are part of society's problems or part of their solution. This ground-breaking book treats issues, strategies and societal interaction in a homogenous manner and analyzes the nature of the international bargaining society as it has matured. Discussing and contextualizing contemporary debates on international corporate social responsibility, globalization and the impact of reputation, this key text integrates them into a new and coherent framework: Societal Interface Management. Using this unique framework, it explores the interfaces between international corporations, governments and civil society representatives. Analytic and revealing, the text applies the framework to in-depth studies of Nike, Shell, Triumph International, GlaxoSmithKline and ExxonMobil. It investigates the conflicts surrounding Burma, blood diamonds, child labour, oil spills, food safety, patents on HIV/AIDS medication and labour rights that have resulted in a large number of disciplining activities. An accompanying website (www.ib-sm.org) contains additional case studies, as well as issue dossiers on the challenges confronting international firms. Drawing on a wealth of experience both in research and teaching, the authors have developed a text that integrates reputation, responsibility, ethics and accountability. Clearly constructed, it is a must-have book for all those studying or teaching business ethics, political economics, economic geography, public relations, and corporate social responsibility.

An accessible textbook for professionals, undergraduate, graduate and executive students in business studies and economics that are interested in effective approaches towards sustainability challenges. The first textbook to take a multidisciplinary approach to address wicked problems relating to the SDGs. Provides a guide for action research by practitioners, as well as students.

An accessible textbook for professionals, undergraduate, graduate and executive students in business studies and economics that are interested in effective approaches towards sustainability challenges. The first textbook to take a multidisciplinary approach to address wicked problems relating to the SDGs. Provides a guide for action research by practitioners, as well as students.

"The Logic of International Restructuring" argues that an international restructuring race is evolving and is likely to intensify over the coming years. The race is understod as a race between industrial complex rather than between individual firms. Industrial complexes are bargaining networks organized by large core firms consisting of suppliers, distributors/dealers, governments, financiers and trade unions. Ruigrok and van Tulder identify five distinct ways according to which a core firm may organize its relationship with its bargaining partners. Each of these ways is unique in the sense that they have their own bargaining logic. This implies that it is very difficult for a company to successfully adopt isolated parts of what appear to be "winning formulas" or "best-practices" at a given moment.
According to "The Logic of International Restructuring," this logic is extended abroad. When a company establishes international activities, it seeks to emulate its domestice restructuring pattern. Ruigok and van Tulder identify a series of rival internationalism strategies which follow from the logic of domestic restructuring. Theses rival internationalism strategies, in turn, each have different implications for the flows of international trade. While some strategies depend heavily on global free trade regime, others actually advance the formation of regional trade blockings.
The Logic of International Restructuring addresses many current debates on post-Fordism, globalisation and lean production. They present an abundance of new and historical data on the world's one hundred largest companies. These data show that not one of the largest core firms is truly "global" or"borderless" and that virtually all of them in their history have benefitted decisively from governmental trade or industrial policies.

"The Logic of International Restructuring" argues that an international restructuring race is evolving and is likely to intensify over the coming years. The race is understod as a race between industrial complex rather than between individual firms. Industrial complexes are bargaining networks organized by large core firms consisting of suppliers, distributors/dealers, governments, financiers and trade unions. Ruigrok and van Tulder identify five distinct ways according to which a core firm may organize its relationship with its bargaining partners. Each of these ways is unique in the sense that they have their own bargaining logic. This implies that it is very difficult for a company to successfully adopt isolated parts of what appear to be "winning formulas" or "best-practices" at a given moment.
According to "The Logic of International Restructuring," this logic is extended abroad. When a company establishes international activities, it seeks to emulate its domestice restructuring pattern. Ruigok and van Tulder identify a series of rival internationalism strategies which follow from the logic of domestic restructuring. Theses rival internationalism strategies, in turn, each have different implications for the flows of international trade. While some strategies depend heavily on global free trade regime, others actually advance the formation of regional trade blockings.
The Logic of International Restructuring addresses many current debates on post-Fordism, globalisation and lean production. They present an abundance of new and historical data on the world's one hundred largest companies. These data show that not one of the largest core firms is truly "global" or"borderless" and that virtually all of them in their history have benefitted decisively from governmental trade or industrial policies.

Managing the transition towards sustainable enterprise is a daunting task for corporations and business leaders. Uniquely combining practice and theory, this textbook provides a management perspective, by considering the extent to which the 'business case' for sustainability can be proven. Drawing on examples from twenty frontrunner companies located in the Netherlands, it builds upon a unique research project in which CEOs and middle-managers gave access not only to their decision-making process, but also revealed how their perceptions shaped the transition process. This book identifies four different archetypes of business cases and related business models that business students and managers can use to identify phases and related attitudes towards sustainability. Structured around this four phase model, the book provides in-depth analysis and insight into: theoretical concepts and overview of the relevant literature the business case for sustainability behavioural characteristics of each phase and the typical barriers between them more than seventy tipping points the role and different categories of stakeholders; approaches to shaping stakeholder dialogue; effective engagement of stakeholders in each phase of transition how companies move through the phases towards higher levels of sustainability insights of employees of the 20 companies to illustrate whether the business case was really achieved summary of the interventions and efforts which have proved successful in these companies. In addition to being a source of inspiration for company managers, this book aims to offer students of vocational and academic institutions at undergraduate and postgraduate level insight into real-life transition processes towards sustainability.

The Multiple Dimensions of Institutional Complexity in International Business Research provides a fresh overview of many novel international business research challenges as they pertain to salient institutional dimensions with a locational component. The first part of the Volume includes chapters honoring the work of Eleanor Westney. These chapters address subject matter related to globalization challenges in the realm of the 'new normal' of populism and de-globalization tendencies. They focus on how the 'new normal', as well as various rapidly evolving institutions, will affect the functioning of multinational enterprises. The subsequent parts explore the impacts on international business of home country institutions; host country institutions; cross-country and subnational institutions; and finally, sustainability pressures. The book is strongly focused on the multiple contemporary dimensions of institutions and how they affect internationally operating firms. It is a must read for scholars and postgraduate students interested in the 'new normal' on a global scale.

To get the maximum use and enjoyment out of your bicycle it is important to understand how it and its component systems work. This book explains the bicycle's technical aspects and it covers all types of bicycles from mountain bikes to road bikes and racing bikes, and from folding bikes to tandems and recumbents. The book explains what makes for a reliable frame, precise steering, effective brakes, efficient gears and low rolling resistance. It explains how you can select and adjust the best components and accessories for the particular use you had in mind. Illustrated with hundreds of clear and detailed photographs and diagrams, this is a readable resource for all serious cycle owners, and bicycle industry professionals.

In the twenty-first century, as traditional divides are redefined, bargaining over corporate responsibilities has increasingly centred around corporate reputation and the question of whether businesses are part of society's problems or part of their solution. This ground-breaking book treats issues, strategies and societal interaction in a homogenous manner and analyzes the nature of the international bargaining society as it has matured. Discussing and contextualizing contemporary debates on international corporate social responsibility, globalization and the impact of reputation, this key text integrates them into a new and coherent framework: Societal Interface Management. Using this unique framework, it explores the interfaces between international corporations, governments and civil society representatives. Analytic and revealing, the text applies the framework to in-depth studies of Nike, Shell, Triumph International, GlaxoSmithKline and ExxonMobil. It investigates the conflicts surrounding Burma, blood diamonds, child labour, oil spills, food safety, patents on HIV/AIDS medication and labour rights that have resulted in a large number of disciplining activities. An accompanying website (www.ib-sm.org) contains additional case studies, as well as issue dossiers on the challenges confronting international firms. Drawing on a wealth of experience both in research and teaching, the authors have developed a text that integrates reputation, responsibility, ethics and accountability. Clearly constructed, it is a must-have book for all those studying or teaching business ethics, political economics, economic geography, public relations, and corporate social responsibility.

This research and teaching volume has been composed in honour of Rosalie Tung, a distinguished institution builder, thought leader and educator in the field of international business (IB). The volume addresses Rosalie Tung's main research focus in a career that has already spanned several decades, namely the analysis of distance facing multinational enterprises (MNEs), with a focus on state-of-the-art conceptual and fact-based empirical developments in the realm of cultural and institutional distance elements. The impact of distance on international business transactions and operations remains ill-understood. How should distance be conceptualized? Which dimensions of distance should be considered? Is distance always a cost, or can it sometimes confer value? This twelfth volume in the Progress in International Business Research series presents extensive accounts of the contemporary scientific debate on how to assess the impacts of distance, both negative and positive ones, on the conduct of international business. This volume covers five dimensions related to the concept, cost and value of distance, in International business: * The concept of distance * The cost of cultural and psychic distance * The cost of institutional distance * The value of distance * Alternative lenses for IB research

This latest volume of Progress in International Business Research explores novel ways in which international business is organized. Contributions advance our understanding and stretch our thinking about new organizational and geographic structures in MNCs, and other organizational forms across borders and geographies. Authors ask challenging questions: will the traditional MNC as we know it be replaced by other dominant designs, and what new forms of global organizing can we expect in the future? What do contemporary digital and technological developments, e.g. social media, virtual worlds, and cloud services, imply for the international organization of work, communication, and management practices?

This research volume in honour of the late Daniel Van Den Bulcke, one of the founding fathers of the European Business Academy (EIBA) and a core institution builder of the Academy of International Business (AIB), focuses on conceptual innovations in assessing the impact of institutions on multinational enterprise (MNE) strategies.

Although American scholars sometimes consider European legal scholarship as old-fashioned and inward-looking and Europeans often perceive American legal scholarship as amateur social science, both traditions share a joint challenge. If legal scholarship becomes too much separated from practice, legal scholars will ultimately make themselves superfluous. If legal scholars, on the other hand, cannot explain to other disciplines what is academic about their research, which methodologies are typical, and what separates proper research from mediocre or poor research, they will probably end up in a similar situation. Therefore we need a debate on what unites legal academics on both sides of the Atlantic. Should legal scholarship aspire to the status of a science and gradually adopt more and more of the methods, (quality) standards, and practices of other (social) sciences? What sort of methods do we need to study law in its social context and how should legal scholarship deal with the challenges posed by globalization?

Sustainable development is one of the key challenges of our time. It has social, ecological and economic dimensions, which makes it also a multi-faceted and complex problem. International Business scholars have stressed that the Multinational Enterprise should be considered the most important vehicle through which sustainable development occurs in developing countries. However, actual study of the topic remains fraught with theoretical and empirical caveats. This eighth volume in the Progress in International Business Research series includes new texts from a number of leading scholars and opinion leaders in the area. Contributors develop new levels of analysis (in particular global value chains or the partnership strategies of firms) that present promising areas for new theoretical and empirical insights. Whilst authors from leading international institutes are brought together in this volume, younger scholars with innovative ideas also offer valuable insights.

This volume takes stock of the latest international business research on the relationship between European multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their policy environment. The volume brings together a variety of scholarly contributions from an European perspective. European MNEs were amongst the earliest to internationalize and many now command globally dispersed operations. European MNEs pioneered the multi-centric organizational form, which can be interpreted in part as an effort to address the policy challenges facing these firms in environments fraught with natural and government-imposed market imperfections. The volume covers four dimensions of MNE corporate strategy in the face of complex policy environments: corporate strategic responses to national policy institutions; pro-active institution-oriented strategies; dynamics of international business-government relations; and, corporate strategies in turbulent times.

This volume frames the concept of a national play. By analysing a number of European case studies, it addresses the following question: Which play could be regarded as a country's national play, and how does it represent its national identity? The chapters provide an in-depth look at plays in eight different countries: Germany (Die Rauber, Friedrich Schiller), Switzerland (Wilhelm Tell, Friedrich Schiller), Hungary (Bank Ban, Jozsef Katona), Sweden (Gustav Vasa, August Strindberg), Norway (Peer Gynt, Henrik Ibsen), the Netherlands (The Good Hope, Herman Heijermans), France (Tartuffe, Moliere), and Ireland. This collection is especially relevant at a time of socio-political flux, when national identity and the future of the nation state is being reconsidered.

This 15-chapter volume provides the latest research insights from the international business field on entrepreneurship in the global firm. The first section of the book addresses entrepreneurship challenges in smaller, internationalizing companies. The second section analyses a variety of entrepreneurship problems in large, established multinational enterprises, with a focus on subsidiary entrepreneurial initiatives. The third section discusses entrepreneurial activity impacts, both within the firm and in the broader external networks and clusters within which the multinational enterprise is embedded. This collection provides a unique, comprehensive perspective on the wide variety of conceptual and managerial issues that arise as a result of entrepreneurial action in firms operating in the global economy. It is a must read for scholars and managers alike, who face the need for continuous change in dynamic international business environments.

This PIBR volume examines a number of idiosyncratic elements in the internationalization strategies of BRIC MNEs and, in particular, in their relationship with home country policies: 1. The theoretical challenge: do we need different or more specific theories of EMNEs to assess the phenomenon of BRIC multinationals? 2. The empirical challenge: what marks the changing position of BRIC countries in the world economy? 3. The managerial challenge: with the coming of age of a new breed of multinationals, what distinguishes BRIC multinationals from other (emerging market) multinationals? 4. The policy making challenge: what impact have MNEs from BRIC countries had on their domestic economy?

The printing history of perhaps the most influential tract in the history of irenicism (church reunification), Georgius Cassander's De officio pii viri, in 1561 presented at the Colloquy at Poissy, together with an overview of its afterlife and the numerous reactions it provoked, both by Protestants and Roman Catholics, will contribute to our understanding of the history of erasmian humanist irenicism. Two contemporary translations, one in German by Georg von Cell and one in French by Jean Hotman, show us how De officio pii viri was adapted to the ongoing struggle for church peace in different parts of Europe, a struggle that was led by jurists and theologians, outstanding members of the Republic of Letters, who were able to spread their ideas by their large epistolary networks. The life story of De officio pii viri highlights the birth, expansion and failure of ideas; how they profit from the support of the mighty and how they fail when opposed by the uncompromising: those who think they speak in the name of God.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging network superstructure that will connect physical resources and actual users. It will support an ecosystem of smart applications and services bringing hyper-connectivity to our society by using augmented and rich interfaces. Whereas in the beginning IoT referred to the advent of barcodes and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which helped to automate inventory, tracking and basic identification, today IoT is characterized by a dynamic trend toward connecting smart sensors, objects, devices, data and applications. The next step will be "cognitive IoT," facilitating object and data re-use across application domains and leveraging hyper-connectivity, interoperability solutions and semantically enriched information distribution. The Architectural Reference Model (ARM), presented in this book by the members of the IoT-A project team driving this harmonization effort, makes it possible to connect vertically closed systems, architectures and application areas so as to create open interoperable systems and integrated environments and platforms. It constitutes a foundation from which software companies can capitalize on the benefits of developing consumer-oriented platforms including hardware, software and services. The material is structured in two parts. Part A introduces the general concepts developed for and applied in the ARM. It is aimed at end users who want to use IoT technologies, managers interested in understanding the opportunities generated by these novel technologies, and system architects who are interested in an overview of the underlying basic models. It also includes several case studies to illustrate how the ARM has been used in real-life scenarios. Part B then addresses the topic at a more detailed technical level and is targeted at readers with a more scientific or technical background. It provides in-depth guidance on the ARM, including a detailed description of a process for generating concrete architectures, as well as reference manuals with guidelines on how to use the various models and perspectives presented to create a concrete architecture. Furthermore, best practices and tips on how system engineers can use the ARM to develop specific IoT architectures for dedicated IoT solutions are illustrated and exemplified in reverse mapping exercises of existing standards and platforms.

This book presents a collection of papers on the issue of focus in its broadest sense. While commonly being considered as related to phenomena such as presupposition and anaphora, focusing is much more widely spread, and it is this pervasiveness that this collection addresses. The volume explicitly aims to bring together theoretical, psychological, and descriptive approaches to focus, at the same time maintaining the overall interest in how these notions apply to the larger problem of evolving some formal representation of the semantic aspects of linguistic content. The contributed papers to this volume have been reworked from a selection of original work presented at a conference held in 1994 in Schloss Wolfsbrunnen in Germany.