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It is one of the most extraordinary cases in the history of
science: the mating calls of insects were mistaken for a "sonic
weapon" that led to a major diplomatic row. Since August 2017, the
world media has been absorbed in the "attack" on diplomats from the
American and Canadian Embassies in Cuba. While physicians treating
victims have described it as a novel and perplexing condition that
involves an array of complaints including brain damage, the authors
present compelling evidence that mass psychogenic illness was the
cause of "Havana Syndrome." This mysterious condition that has
baffled experts is explored across 11-chapters which offer insights
by a prominent neurologist and an expert on psychogenic illness. A
lively and enthralling read, the authors explore the history of
similar scares from the 18th century belief that sounds from
certain musical instruments were harmful to human health, to 19th
century cases of "telephone shock," and more contemporary panics
involving people living near wind turbines that have been tied to a
variety of health complaints. The authors provide dozens of
examples of kindred episodes of mass hysteria throughout history,
in addition to psychosomatic conditions and even the role of
insects in triggering outbreaks. Havana Syndrome: Mass Psychogenic
Illness and the Real Story Behind the Embassy Mystery and Hysteria
is a scientific detective story and a case study in the social
construction of mass psychogenic illness.
This eclectic history of unusual crowd behavior describes a rich
assortment of mass phenomena ranging from the amusing and quirky to
the shocking and deplorable. What do fads, crazes, manias, urban
legends, moral panics, riots, stampedes, and other mass expressions
of emotion have in common? By creating a typology of such behavior,
past and present, the authors show how common extraordinary group
reactions to fear or excitement are. And they offer insights into
how these sometimes dangerous mob responses can be avoided. We may
not be surprised to read about the peculiarities of the European
Middle Ages, when superstition was commonplace: like the meowing
nuns of France, "tarantism" (a dancing mania) in Italy, or the
malicious anti-Semitic poison-well scares. But similar phenomena
show up in our own era. Examples include the social-networking
hysteria of 2012, which resulted in uncontrollable twitching by
teenage girls in Leroy, NY; the "phantom bus terrorist" of 2004 in
Vancouver, Canada; and the itching outbreak of 2000 in South
Africa. Vivid, detailed, and thoroughly researched, this is a
fascinating overview of collective human behavior in its many
unusual forms.
From fads, crazes, and manias to collective delusions, scares,
panics, and mass hysterias, history is replete with examples of
remarkable social behavior. Many are fueled by fear and
uncertainty; others are driven by hope and expectation. For others
still, the causes are more obscure. This massive collection of
extraordinary social behaviors spans more than two millennia, and
attempts to place many of the episodes within their greater
historical and cultural context. Perhaps the most well known
example of unusual collective behavior occurred in 1938, when a
million or more Americans were frightened or panicked after
listening to a realistic radio drama about a Martian invasion of
New Jersey, based on an adaptation of the H.G. Wells novel "War of
the Worlds." Less known but equally remarkable scares based on
Wells' book occurred in Chile in 1944 (when Army units were
mobilized), in Ecuador in 1949 (when riots broke out, leaving more
than a dozen dead), as well as in Buffalo in 1968, Rhode Island in
1974, and Europe in 1988 and 1998. The modern civilized world is by
no means immune to such peculiar episodes. In the late 20th
century, scores of people in the U.S. and Europe were wrongly
incarcerated following claims of Satanic ritual abuse by
authorities untutored in False Memory Syndrome. This episode
recalls the European witch terror of the late Middle Ages, when
innocent people were tortured and executed for consorting with the
Devil based on the flimsiest of evidence. OUTBREAK THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF EXTRAORDINARY SOCIAL BEHAVIOR is an authoritative reference on a
broad range of topics: collective behavior, deviance, social and
perceptual psychology, sociology, history, folklore, religious
studies, political science, social anthropology, gender studies,
critical thinking, and mental health. Never before have so many
sources been brought together on the mesmerizing topic of
collective behavior.
The power of imagination, group psychology, and the concept of
"fantasy prone personalities," are explored by Bartholomew and
Howard as they probe the history of how UFO stories are spread. The
impact of "collective delusion" enhanced by the media can be
dangerous, leaving great pain and tragedy in its wake. Included are
detailed descriptions of the United States airship flap of 1896-97;
the imaginary sightings of Thomas Edison's "electric star" of the
late 1800s; Canada's phantom balloon wave of 1896-97; the New
Zealand zeppelin scare of 1909; the British UFO panic of 1912-13;
phantom German air raids and spy missions over Canada, New York,
Delaware, New Hampshire, and Africa during World War I; Sweden's
ghost rocket crisis of 1946. These are all reports of UFOs before
the famed Roswell incident and the emergence of flying saucers
since 1947.
The authors examine collective behavior, fallible human perception,
deviance, religion, popular culture, history, the role of the
media, and relationships to the paranormal. From alien contact with
humans to well-organized cults, UFOs and Alien Contact is gripping,
humorous, and at times horrifying.
For over thirty years, two New York State brothers, Robert and Paul
Bartholomew, have methodically researched, documented, and studied
the Bigfoot question in both New York and the New England states.
For a two week period in 1956, residents in the vicinity of Taipei,
Taiwan, lived in fear that they would be the next victims of a
crazed villain who was prowling the streets and slashing people at
random with a razor or similar weapon. At least 21 victims were
reported during this period, mostly women and children of low
income and education. A thorough investigation revealed however,
that: ""five slashings were innocent false reports, seven were
self-inflicted cuts, eight were due to cuts rather than razors, and
one was complete fantasy."" This is one example of many cases of
what has traditionally been called ""mass hysteria"" that are
examined in this comprehensive study of human beings' fear of the
unknown. Beginning with a concise history of mass hysteria and
social delusions, the author differentiates between the two and
investigates mass hysteria in closed settings such as work and
school, and mass hysteria in communities with incidents such as
gassings, Pokemon illnesses in Japan, and medieval dance crazes.
Also examined are collective delusions, with information on five
major types: immediate threat, symbolic scare, mass wish
fulfillment, urban legends and mass panics. The book ends with a
discussion of major issues in the area of mass hysteria and a look
toward the future of this intriguing subject.
This work provides an accurate, in-depth examination and scientific
evaluation of the most famous hauntings in American history as
depicted in popular films and television programs. Neither a
debunking book nor one written for the "true believer" in the
paranormal, American Hauntings objectively scrutinizes the historic
evidence behind such hugely popular films as The Exorcist, The
Amityville Horror, An American Haunting, The Conjuring, and The
Haunting in Connecticut to ascertain the accuracy of these
entertainment depictions of "true life" hauntings. The authors then
compare these popular culture accounts against the alleged
real-life encounters and impartially weigh the evidence to assess
whether each incident actually took place. Written by highly
credentialed, recognized authorities on the paranormal and social
psychology, this book contains meticulously documented,
science-based information written for a broad audience, from middle
and high school students and those taking introductory courses at a
university level to general readers. There is no other work that
provides as careful and unbiased an evaluation of the most famous
hauntings in American history. The book also examines the
reliability of popular television shows such as Unsolved Mysteries
and Paranormal Witness. Supplies a balanced approach to the subject
of the paranormal and social psychology that explores both sides of
the issue and evaluates the evidence as a scientist would Examines
subject matter that is of universal, natural interest to students,
teachers, and the general public, and supplies interdisciplinary
coverage of religion, history, sociology, social psychology,
folklore, critical thinking, pseudoscience, and media/film studies
Provides an ideal resource for students writing reports and
research papers
History is replete with examples of media-created scares and
panics. This book presents more than three dozen studies of media
scares from the 17th century to the 21st century, including hoaxes
perpetrated via newspapers, radio, television and cyberspace. From
the 1835 Batmen-on-the-Moon hoax to more recent bird flu scares and
Hurricane Katrina myths, this book explores hoaxes that highlight
the impact of the media on our lives and its tendency to
sensationalize. Most of the hoaxes covered occurred in the United
States, though incidents from Europe, Asia, Africa, South America
and Australia are featured as well. Several cases are global in
scope, revealing the the power global media wields.
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