This book describes the Pathways project that traces the individual development of several black young men from poor families who grew up in the Roxbury/North Dorchester ghetto from 1967 to 1974. It is about aspects of self-perception and identity, and resources and pathways to reach goals.

This new combination volume of three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research, was designed as both introduction and reminder. It was designed as an introduction to the topic for graduate students, advanced undergraduates, and younger researchers. It was designed as a reminder to more experienced researchers, in and out of academia, that the problems of artifacts in behavioral research, that they may have learned about as beginning researchers, have not gone away.
For example, problems of experimenter effects have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins.
Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition.
Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. We usually still draw our research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them.

Contrasts are statistical procedures for asking focused questions of data. Researchers, teachers of research methods and graduate students will be familiar with the principles and procedures of contrast analysis included here. But they, for the first time, will also be presented with a series of newly developed concepts, measures, and indices that permit a wider and more useful application of contrast analysis. This volume takes on this new approach by introducing a family of correlational effect size estimates. By returning to these correlations throughout the book, the authors demonstrate special adaptations in a variety of contexts from two group comparison to one way analysis of variance contexts, to factorial designs, to repeated measures designs and to the case of multiple contrasts.

This book describes the Pathways project that traces the individual development of several black young men from poor families who grew up in the Roxbury/North Dorchester ghetto from 1967 to 1974. It is about aspects of self-perception and identity, and resources and pathways to reach goals.

Because of the complexity of human behaviour a great many research variables must be constructed from the building blocks of human judgement. A teacher's warmth, a psychotherapist's ability to create rapport, a patient's inner state - these all tend ultimately to be defined by the judgements of others. The purpose of this book is to describe the design, the analysis and the meta-analysis of studies employing judgements in sufficient detail that readers can conduct such studies, and more wisely evaluate them. While the author's examples are drawn primarily from research on non-verbal behaviour, the book is designed for any investigators employing judges, observers, raters, coders, or decoders, whether or not the behaviour being assessed is non-verbal. Judgment Studies: Design, Analysis, and Meta-Analysis constitutes a unique resource for advanced students and researchers in the behavioural and social sciences. It offers the first integrated summary of methodological issues in judgement studies, and the first guide to their planning and analysis.

This book demonstrates that the phenomenon of suggestibility relates to far more psychological processes than just to hypnosis. Several well-known scientists investigate the psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of the perceptual and response processes involved in suggestibility. They try to establish a common theoetical basis for experimental and applied research; this is the first attempt to bring the theory, methodology, and results of different approaches together into a single volume. The contributions deal with definitions, biological and social mechanisms, causes and effects, and the process of suggestion. The authors - present new techniques for assessing sensory, motor, interrogative and hypnotic suggestibility; - describe psychophysiological correlates and susceptibility to hypnosis; - discuss types of "suggestive cues" inherent in social communication and - present data on the relationship of suggestion to attribution and expectation. It is shown that suggestibility, apart from its relationship to hypnosis, is a multifactorial phenomenon comprised of different partly uncorrelated facets. This volume gives easy access to the complex matter which up to now has been scattered across single publications in specialized subdisciplines of psychology.

Because of the complexity of human behaviour a great many research variables must be constructed from the building blocks of human judgement. A teacher's warmth, a psychotherapist's ability to create rapport, a patient's inner state - these all tend ultimately to be defined by the judgements of others. The purpose of this book is to describe the design, the analysis and the meta-analysis of studies employing judgements in sufficient detail that readers can conduct such studies, and more wisely evaluate them. While the author's examples are drawn primarily from research on non-verbal behaviour, the book is designed for any investigators employing judges, observers, raters, coders, or decoders, whether or not the behaviour being assessed is non-verbal. Judgment Studies: Design, Analysis, and Meta-Analysis constitutes a unique resource for advanced students and researchers in the behavioural and social sciences. It offers the first integrated summary of methodological issues in judgement studies, and the first guide to their planning and analysis.

This book, first published in 1985, is for those seeking appropriate statistical approaches to research data that is devoted entirely to the topic of contrasts. Contrast analysis permits us to ask more focused questions of our data. In return for a small amount of simple computation, we get greater statistical power, and can make clearer substantive interpretations of the research results. Contrast analysis should be employed in the context of the analysis of variance whenever the numerator degrees of freedom are greater than one (which is probably most of the time). Unfortunately, it is employed relatively rarely by behavioural and social scientists. This book makes it possible for non-mathematical data analysts to avail themselves of contrasts, and thereby simply and efficiently to address the focused questions posed by their theories, hypotheses, and hunches. A wide range of researchers in the behavioural and social sciences, education and business will find this book an invaluable resource.

Contrasts are statistical procedures for asking focused questions of data. Researchers, teachers of research methods and graduate students will be familiar with the principles and procedures of contrast analysis included here. But they, for the first time, will also be presented with a series of newly developed concepts, measures, and indices that permit a wider and more useful application of contrast analysis. This volume takes on this new approach by introducing a family of correlational effect size estimates. By returning to these correlations throughout the book, the authors demonstrate special adaptations in a variety of contexts from two group comparison to one way analysis of variance contexts, to factorial designs, to repeated measures designs and to the case of multiple contrasts.

When first published in 1968, (later updated in 1992), Pygmalion in the Classroom was received with almost universal acclaim for its ground breaking research. The "Pygmalion Phenomenon" is the self-fulfilling prophecy embedded in teachers' expectations. Simply put, when teachers expect students to do well and show intellectual growth, they do; when teachers do not have such expectation performance and growth are not as encouraged and may in fact be discouraged in a number of ways. Research suggests that our expectations strongly influence the performance of those around us from the members of our football team to the students in our classes. In the Oak School experiment discussed in this book teachers were led to believe that certain students, selected at random, were likely to be showing signs of a spurt in intellectual growth and development. The results were startling. At the end of the year, the students of whom the teaches had these expectations showed significantly greater gains in intellectual growth than did those in the control group.

For many years the Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research (Scherer & Ekman, 1982) has been an invaluable text for researchers looking for methods to study nonverbal behavior and the expression of affect. A successor to this essential text, The New Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research includes chapters on coding and methodological issues for a variety of areas in nonverbal behavior: facial actions, vocal behavior, and body movement. Issues relevant to judgment studies, methodology, reliability, analyses, etc. have also been updated. The topics are broad and include specific information about methodology and coding strategies in education, psychotherapy, deception, nonverbal sensitivity, and marital and group behavior. There is also a chapter detailing specific information on the technical aspects of recording the voice and face, and specifically in relation to deception studies.
This volume will be valuable for both new researchers and those already working in the fields of nonverbal behavior, affect expression, and related topics. It will play a central role in further refining research methods and coding strategies, allowing a comparison of results from various laboratories where research on nonverbal behavior is being conducted. This will advance research in the field and help to coordinate results so that a more comprehensive understanding of affect expression can be developed.

Optimarketing is about optimizing every major aspect of your marketing. In "Optimarketing: Marketing Optimization to Electrify Your Business," Robert Rosenthal shares lessons learned from thousands of marketing tests, dozens of record-breaking campaigns, and more than a century of marketing history. Readers are treated to more than 75 original essays and 12 case examples on what it genuinely takes to optimize marketing results. Rosenthal, founder of the award-winning Contenteurs marketing agency, reveals: A characteristic the best marketers have in common What it took to achieve tenfold response rate improvement for a Fortune 1,000 marketer The marketing component that matters most when swinging for the fences How innovators optimize every major marketing element What great marketing campaigns have in common Organic ways to grow groundbreaking marketing ideas The marketing technique that almost always raises response rates How to easily and quickly run high-impact marketing tests Tips on rapidly evolving your optimal marketing mix How to turn your website into a bigger revenue driver Techniques to beat successful marketing approaches in measurable terms What it takes to optimize your marketing content across media - including social Strategies and tactics to optimize lead generation and one-step selling What every marketer should know about concepts, copy, and graphic design How to build a reliable "marketing machine" A special section, "The Mind of the Optimarketer" "Optimarketing: Marketing Optimization to Electrify Your Business" is required reading for everyone out to optimize their marketing. Discover how to transform your marketing outcomes, run the most profitable marketing of your career, and make your work more fulfilling.

"Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research contains a wealth of information on meta-analytic techniques. The excellent index and bibliography add to its usefulness." --The Library Quarterly "Now in its second edition, Robert Rosenthal's primer on meta-analysis is a 'must-have' tool for the research workbench of students and scholars in the social sciences. The revised volume 'makes readily accessible some newer meta-analytic procedures that have been developed since the 1984 edition' (p.1). In addition, the references in the 1991 edition have been updated to reflect the latest findings and thinking in this field. . . . This book will serve as a valuable resource to anyone interested in meta-analysis as a research technique. There are complete and thorough discussions of problem areas that have been regarded as questionable by critics of this technique. . . . Rosenthal's discussion and justification of the use of published studies is thorough and insightful from two vantage points. . . . Rosenthal's treatment of publication bias is just one example that emphasizes the value of this book to researchers. The second edition represents a wealth of information in one place which is clearly explained in understandable language. . . . Rosenthal's revised edition is a valuable source book for experienced meta-analysts as well as researchers new to the technique. As a teaching tool, the book is recommended as required reading in research methods courses at the doctoral level. Scholars in marketing and organizational behavior have made increasing use of meta-analysis since the 1980s, thus, doctoral students need exposure to and education on this topic. Rosenthal's second edition is a necessary tool for achieving this goal." --Elizabeth J. Wilson, Louisiana State University "It is well organized, and adequately describes the various procedures with illustrations. In sum, the book is valuable for individuals interested in the application of meta-analytic procedures." --The Accounting Review Praised in the first edition for its clarity in conceptualizing meta-analysis, Robert Rosenthal's newly revised edition covers the latest techniques and advances in the field. Included in this revised edition are chapters examining a new effect size indicator, new one-sample data, a new coefficient of robustness of replication, more procedures for combining and comparing effect sizes for multiple dependent variables, and current data on the magnitude of the problem of incomplete retrieval. In addition, results are provided on the social, psychological, economic, and medical importance of small effect sizes. Designed for use by students and professional researchers in the social and behavioral sciences, this book will prepare the reader not only to do meta-analysis but to evaluate meta-analyses more wisely.