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The Netherlands, like the other industrialized countries in the
northern hemisphere, is faced with increas ing environmental pro
blems. Being a country rich in water - at least in terms of surface
area - and low-lying, problems related to water are as old as the
nation itself. The problems in regard to water quality are becoming
more acute and complicated due to the progressive rise in air and
ground pollution. Glaring examples are the acid rains and
contamination of ground-water resources by toxic, and often
illegal, waste dumps. Being a delta country, the Netherlands is
also very vulnerable to pollution from the.water sources outside
the country's national boundaries, i.e. the rivers Rhine, Meuse and
ScheIdt. Not only the national but also the international
authorities are active in developing measures to both prevent and
combat water pollution, and to restore as far as possible the
natural balance or a 'reasonable' water quality. The pollution
abatement programmes are based on ecological theories; accepting
waterbodies as aquatic ecosystems, the authorities concerned try to
influence and lead the progresses in the systems to reach or
maintain the desired ecosystem structure. Suter II (1981) mentioned
a number of reasons why the attempts to use ecosystem theories to
assess the impacts on the environment have been disappointing to
date. It is clear that one of the reasons for the failure is lack
of proper knowledge."
The Netherlands, like the other industrialized countries in the
northern hemisphere, is faced with increas ing environmental pro
blems. Being a country rich in water - at least in terms of surface
area - and low-lying, problems related to water are as old as the
nation itself. The problems in regard to water quality are becoming
more acute and complicated due to the progressive rise in air and
ground pollution. Glaring examples are the acid rains and
contamination of ground-water resources by toxic, and often
illegal, waste dumps. Being a delta country, the Netherlands is
also very vulnerable to pollution from the*water sources outside
the country's national boundaries, i.e. the rivers Rhine, Meuse and
ScheIdt. Not only the national but also the international
authorities are active in developing measures to both prevent and
combat water pollution, and to restore as far as possible the
natural balance or a 'reasonable' water quality. The pollution
abatement programmes are based on ecological theories; accepting
waterbodies as aquatic ecosystems, the authorities concerned try to
influence and lead the progresses in the systems to reach or
maintain the desired ecosystem structure. Suter II (1981) mentioned
a number of reasons why the attempts to use ecosystem theories to
assess the impacts on the environment have been disappointing to
date. It is clear that one of the reasons for the failure is lack
of proper knowledge.
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