Drastic changes of the societies in the new century require new paradigm in every area of social science. Organizations study is not exception. This book illustrates the cutting edge of organizations study beyond the traditional approaches in management science and general management theory. With an interdisciplinary approach emphasizing systemic properties of organizations such as interaction, hierarchy, network and emergence, it covers dynamic aspects of organizational learning and evolution as well as the decision making function and information processing process.

The Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology series deals with the aspects of neurosciences that have the most direct and immediate bearing on behavior. It presents the most current research available in the specific areas of sensory modalities. This volume explores circadian rhythms.

In spring this year it will be 23 years since I began to study rotation technique as applied to radiology. In applying this technique to roentgenography the name Rotation Radiography was adopted publicly in 1946. Since then this study has revealed that the technique is valuable not only in diagnosis but also in radiotherapy, and the name Conformation Radiotherapy was publicly an nounced in 1960. Through these studies it became clear that it is possible to show the axial transverse cross section of the human body roentgenographically, which could be of great value medically, but it was realized that no detailed roentgenograms of the axial transverse cross section covering the whole of the normal human adult have been published so far. To prepare an atlas was therefore considered basic for the practical application of this method, since without it further developments of this type of roentgenography cannot be expected. Conse quently it was decided first to prepare the atlas. In addition, the clinical application of this method to the diagnostic and therapeutic field was described with brief notes on the essential features of the method."

Drastic changes of the societies in the new century require new paradigm in every area of social science. Organizations study is not exception. This book illustrates the cutting edge of organizations study beyond the traditional approaches in management science and general management theory. With an interdisciplinary approach emphasizing systemic properties of organizations such as interaction, hierarchy, network and emergence, it covers dynamic aspects of organizational learning and evolution as well as the decision making function and information processing process.

The Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology series deals with the aspects of neurosciences that have the most direct and immediate bearing on behavior. It presents the most current research available in the specific areas of sensory modalities. This volume explores circadian rhythms.

In spring this year it will be 35 years since I began to study rotation technique as applied to radiology. In 1947 the name rotation radiography was publicly adopted for the application of this technique to roentgenography. Since then our study has revealed that the technique in presenting the axial transverse cross section figure is valuable not only in diagnosis but also in radiotherapy. Our books on "Conformation Radiotherapy - Rotation Technique as Applied to Radiography and Radiotherapy of Cancer" and" An Atlas of Axial Trans verse Tomography and its Clinical Application" were published by Acta Radio logica, Stockholm in 1965 and Springer Verlag in 1969 respectively. Having excellent contrast resolution computed tomography can be considered an advan ced type of rotation radiography. With this in mind I planned to edit and publish the Illustrated Computer Tomography as the latest presentation in a series of publications on rotation radiography. The editor would like to express his deep appreciation to the contributors to this book as well as to the publishers Shujunsha, Japan and Springer Verlag. Spring 1983 SHINJI TAKAHASHI Contents Introduction. By S. TAKAHASHI . . . . . . . 1 Part I. Basic Aspects of Computed Tomography Debut and Spread. By S. TAKAHASHI.

If the early stages of a disease begin with the involvement of a small area of cells or tissue, the early diagnosis of pathologic changes by means of radio graphy should concentrate first on the detection of such minute changes. The ideal solution would be to produce X-ray images of findings much finer than those observable by the naked eye, and herein lies a new field of research that is believed to be worth developing. The introduction of a 0.3 mm focal-spot rotating-anode tube about 25 years ago opened the way to the clinical application of magnification radiography. Due to the postwar economic situation, we were unable to import this type of X-ray tube, but we believed in the importance of magnification radiography in X-ray diagnosis, and in 1952 we produced an X-ray tube with a 0.15 mm focal spot by reconstructing an existing fixed-anode tube. This X-ray tube has been improved step by step, so that tubes with focal spots of 0.1 mm or 0.05 mm are now available in Japan. Thus it has become possible to obtain 4 to 6 x magnification images of minute lesions that could not be imaged by normal roentgenography."