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This book describes new and effective methodologies for modeling,
analyzing and mitigating cell-internal signal electromigration in
nanoCMOS, with significant circuit lifetime improvements and no
impact on performance, area and power. The authors are the first to
analyze and propose a solution for the electromigration effects
inside logic cells of a circuit. They show in this book that an
interconnect inside a cell can fail reducing considerably the
circuit lifetime and they demonstrate a methodology to optimize the
lifetime of circuits, by placing the output, Vdd and Vss pin of the
cells in the less critical regions, where the electromigration
effects are reduced. Readers will be enabled to apply this
methodology only for the critical cells in the circuit, avoiding
impact in the circuit delay, area and performance, thus increasing
the lifetime of the circuit without loss in other characteristics.
This book describes new and effective methodologies for modeling,
analyzing and mitigating cell-internal signal electromigration in
nanoCMOS, with significant circuit lifetime improvements and no
impact on performance, area and power. The authors are the first to
analyze and propose a solution for the electromigration effects
inside logic cells of a circuit. They show in this book that an
interconnect inside a cell can fail reducing considerably the
circuit lifetime and they demonstrate a methodology to optimize the
lifetime of circuits, by placing the output, Vdd and Vss pin of the
cells in the less critical regions, where the electromigration
effects are reduced. Readers will be enabled to apply this
methodology only for the critical cells in the circuit, avoiding
impact in the circuit delay, area and performance, thus increasing
the lifetime of the circuit without loss in other characteristics.
The physical design flow of any project depends upon the size of
the design, the technology, the number of designers, the clock
frequency, and the time to do the design. As technology advances
and design-styles change, physical design flows are constantly
reinvented as traditional phases are removed and new ones are added
to accommodate changes in technology. Handbook of Algorithms for
Physical Design Automation provides a detailed overview of VLSI
physical design automation, emphasizing state-of-the-art
techniques, trends and improvements that have emerged during the
previous decade. After a brief introduction to the modern physical
design problem, basic algorithmic techniques, and partitioning, the
book discusses significant advances in floorplanning
representations and describes recent formulations of the
floorplanning problem. The text also addresses issues of placement,
net layout and optimization, routing multiple signal nets,
manufacturability, physical synthesis, special nets, and designing
for specialized technologies. It includes a personal perspective
from Ralph Otten as he looks back on the major technical milestones
in the history of physical design automation. Although several
books on this topic are currently available, most are either too
broad or out of date. Alternatively, proceedings and journal
articles are valuable resources for researchers in this area, but
the material is widely dispersed in the literature. This handbook
pulls together a broad variety of perspectives on the most
challenging problems in the field, and focuses on emerging problems
and research results.
This book serves both as an introduction to computer architecture
and as a guide to using a hardware description language (HDL) to
design, model and simulate real digital systems. The book starts
with an introduction to Verilog - the HDL chosen for the book since
it is widely used in industry and straightforward to learn. Next,
the instruction set architecture (ISA) for the simple VeSPA (Very
Small Processor Architecture) processor is defined - this is a real
working device that has been built and tested at the University of
Minnesota by the authors. The VeSPA ISA is used throughout the
remainder of the book to demonstrate how behavioural and structural
models can be developed and intermingled in Verilog. Although
Verilog is used throughout, the lessons learned will be equally
applicable to other HDLs. Written for senior and graduate students,
this book is also an ideal introduction to Verilog for practising
engineers.
This book serves both as an introduction to computer architecture
and as a guide to using a hardware description language (HDL) to
design, model and simulate real digital systems. The book starts
with an introduction to Verilog - the HDL chosen for the book since
it is widely used in industry and straightforward to learn. Next,
the instruction set architecture (ISA) for the simple VeSPA (Very
Small Processor Architecture) processor is defined - this is a real
working device that has been built and tested at the University of
Minnesota by the authors. The VeSPA ISA is used throughout the
remainder of the book to demonstrate how behavioural and structural
models can be developed and intermingled in Verilog. Although
Verilog is used throughout, the lessons learned will be equally
applicable to other HDLs. Written for senior and graduate students,
this book is also an ideal introduction to Verilog for practising
engineers.
The physical design flow of any project depends upon the size of
the design, the technology, the number of designers, the clock
frequency, and the time to do the design. As technology advances
and design-styles change, physical design flows are constantly
reinvented as traditional phases are removed and new ones are added
to accommodate changes in technology. Handbook of Algorithms for
Physical Design Automation provides a detailed overview of VLSI
physical design automation, emphasizing state-of-the-art
techniques, trends and improvements that have emerged during the
previous decade. After a brief introduction to the modern physical
design problem, basic algorithmic techniques, and partitioning, the
book discusses significant advances in floorplanning
representations and describes recent formulations of the
floorplanning problem. The text also addresses issues of placement,
net layout and optimization, routing multiple signal nets,
manufacturability, physical synthesis, special nets, and designing
for specialized technologies. It includes a personal perspective
from Ralph Otten as he looks back on the major technical milestones
in the history of physical design automation. Although several
books on this topic are currently available, most are either too
broad or out of date. Alternatively, proceedings and journal
articles are valuable resources for researchers in this area, but
the material is widely dispersed in the literature. This handbook
pulls together a broad variety of perspectives on the most
challenging problems in the field, and focuses on emerging problems
and research results.
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