In cardiovascular prevention, there is classically a small number of cardiovascular risk factors to treat, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and smoking excess, which are widely detected and treated. Recently, it has been widely recognized that new mechanical factors should be detected and treated and involves specifically pulsatile arterial hemodynamic (PAH) parameters such as: arterial stiffness, pulse pressure, and, to a lesser extent, augmentation index and pulse pressure amplification. The pedagogic aspect of this new CV specialty involves 3 principal parts: a. -Basic concepts and pathophysiological mechanisms of PAHb. -Clinical aspects and end-organ damage in PAHc. - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics of PAH This book represents the first that spans basic science and clinical management of this new CV subspecialty. Much has been learned regarding the management of these patients in recent years and this book presents extensive data on the techniques needed to maximize outcomes.

The process of curriculum enhancement through various educational approaches aims to enhance quality assurance in the educational process itself. In Islamic education, traditional educational trends are enhanced by expanding the embodiment process on experiential learning to evaluate the achievement in creating outcomes that balance not only spirituality and morality but also quality of cognitive analytical performances. Global Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Paths in Islamic Education is a comprehensive scholarly book that provides broad coverage on integrating emerging trends and technologies for developing learning paths within Islamic education. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as digital ethics, psychology, and vocational education, this book is ideal for instructors, administrators, principals, curriculum designers, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students.

Master the full range of colorectal procedures performed today with Atlas of Surgical Techniques for the Colon, Rectum, and Anus. In this volume in the Surgical Techniques Atlas Series, top authorities provide expert, step-by-step guidance on surgery of the large bowel, rectum, and anus - including both open and closed approaches for many procedures - to help you expand your repertoire and hone your clinical skills. Easily review normal anatomy and visualize the step-by-step progression of each procedure thanks to more than 600 detailed anatomic line drawings and clinical photographs. Master both open and laparoscopic techniques for numerous surgeries, such as abdominal perineal resection, abdominal colectomy, and low anterior resection. Apply the latest developments in colorectal surgery, including restorative and reconstructive techniques (such as pelvic floor reconstruction after abdominal perineal resection or sacrectomy) and the newest procedures in transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). Effectively interpret preoperative and postoperative imaging studies for improved decision making and outcomes. Avoid complications with pearls and pitfalls from the authors for every technique. Access the entire text online and download all the images at www.expertconsult.com.

Social networks have emerged as a major trend in computing and social paradigms in the past few years. The social network model helps to inform the study of community behavior, allowing qualitative and quantitative assessments of how people communicate and the rules that govern communication. Social Networking and Community Behavior Modeling: Qualitative and Quantitative Measures provides a clear and consolidated view of current social network models. This work explores new methods for modeling, characterizing, and constructing social networks. Chapters contained in this book study critical security issues confronting social networking, the emergence of new mobile social networking devices and applications, network robustness, and how social networks impact the business aspects of organizations.

With the explosive growth of Multimedia Applications, the ability to index/retrieve multimedia objects in an efficient way is challenging to both researchers and practitioners. A major data type stored and managed by these applications is the representation of two dimensional (2D) objects. Objects contain many features (e.g., color, texture, and shape) that have meaningful semantics. From those features, shape is an important feature that conforms with the way human beings interpret and interact with the real world objects. The shape representation of objects can therefore be used for their indexing, retrieval and as similarity measure. The object databases can be queried and searched for different purposes. For example, a CAD application for manufacturing industrial parts might intend to reduce the cost of building new industrial parts by searching for reusable existing parts in a database. Regarding an alternative trademark registry application, one might need to ensure that a new registered trademark is sufficiently distinctive from the existing marks by searching the database. Therefore, one of the important functionalities required by all these applications is the capability to find objects in a database that match a given object.
Traditional books on computer vision and informational retrieval are too general, and they do not provide advanced or specific information regarding shape analysis and recognition. Shape Analysis and Retrieval of Multimedia Objects provides a comprehensive survey of the most advanced and powerful shape retrieval techniques used in practice today. In addition, this monograph addresses key methodological issues for evaluation of the shape retrieval methods.
Shape Analysis and Retrieval of Multimedia Objects is designed to meet the needs of practitioners and researchers in industry, and graduate-level students in Computer Science.

Main headings: I. Basic concepts of pulsatile arterial hemodynamics. - II. Pathophysiological mechanisms. - III. Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, cardiovascular risk and end-organ damage. - IV. Clinical aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections. - V. Therapeutic aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections.

As the demand for broadband services continues to grow worldwide, traditional solutions, such as digital cable and fiber optics, are often difficult and expensive to implement, especially in rural and remote areas. The emerging WiMAX system satisfies the growing need for high data-rate applications such as voiceover IP, video conferencing, interactive gaming, and multimedia streaming. WiMAX deployments not only serve residential and enterprise users but can also be deployed as a backhaul for Wi-Fi hotspots or 3G cellular towers. By providing affordable wireless broadband access, the technology of WiMAX will revolutionize broadband communications in the developed world and bridge the digital divide in developing countries. Part of the WiMAX Handbook, this volume focuses on the technologies behind WiMAX, its performance capabilities, and its control mechanisms. The book introduces programmable baseband processors suited for WiMAX systems, describes an innovative methodology for the design of multi-band WiMAX antennas, addresses space-time block codes, and reviews space-frequency/space-time-frequency code design criteria. It also proposes a combined call admission control and scheduling scheme, focuses on the performance analysis of the IEEE 802.16 mesh mode, and analyzes the performance of both single-input-single-output and space-time-block-coded OFDM systems in mobile environments. The final section establishes a framework of an ideal reservation period controller, examines the ecosystem in which scheduling for IEEE 802.16e systems must be performed, and presents a fuzzy logic controller for admission control. With the revolutionary technology of WiMAX, the lives of many willundoubtedly improve, thereby leading to greater economic empowerment.

There is a paradox in hypertension: whereas the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease have been related principally to a constriction of small arteries, most of the complications refer to damage of the large arteries, particularly at the site of the brain, the kidney and the heart. In the past, large arteries were poorly investigated in hypertension mainly in terms of change in blood flow. Recent studies clearly showed that the large arteries are largely involved in the mechanisms of hypertension not only through changes in mean blood flow, but rather through changes in stiffness of the arterial wall. This aspect may be a key-point for the development of hypertensive complications. Subsequently, the goal of treatment may be not only blood pressure reduction but also improvement of structural and functional abnormalities of the large vessels. These therapeutic aspects are analyzed in detail in the present book.

Shape Analysis and Retrieval of Multimedia Objects provides a comprehensive survey of the most advanced and powerful shape retrieval techniques used in practice today. In addition, this monograph addresses key methodological issues for evaluation of the shape retrieval methods. Shape Analysis and Retrieval of Multimedia Objects is designed to meet the needs of practitioners and researchers in industry, and graduate-level students in Computer Science.

Hypertension is the major cause of left ventricular hypertrophy. While the electrocardiogram is an extremely insensitive measure of anatomic left ven- tricular hypertrophy, it provides a time-tested important marker of an adverse cardiovascular outcome. There has been a recent temporal decrease in the incidence of electrocardiographic evidence of L VH even within the hyperten- sive population; no doubt this is the result of large antihypertensive treatment experts. Anatomical evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy is best docu- mented pre-morbidly using echocardiographic techniques. It therefore ap- pears that between 20 and 50 percent of the hypertensive population has left ventricular hypertrophy by echo cardiographic techniques. The prognostic significance of the echocardiographically determined increase in left ventric- ular mass is just beginning to be evaluated. Early information suggests that there is an increased rate of cardi~)Vascular morbidity in patients with echo car- diographic evidence of increased left ventricular mass. However, this in- formation is only preliminary, and as yet only a limited number of events have been reported. Far more supporting information will be required before the full impact of echocardiographically-detected left ventricular hypertrophy can be determined. Nevertheless, it must be stated that the electrocardiogram still has the greatest predictive value of cardiovascular morbid and mortal events when the pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy plus repolarization abnormal- ities are present.

MICHEL E. SAFAR and MICHAEL F. O'ROURKE One of the principal problems of hypertension is the precise definition of blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor. Clinicians indicate peak systolic pressure and end diastolic pressure in the brachial artery as the principal criteria for blood pressure measurement. Consequently, these values are as indicators for clinical management and therapeutic adjustment. This used methodology, based on indirect blood pressure measurements at the site of the brachial artery relates only to the highest and lowest pressure in that vessel, and does not give any information of the blood pressure curve itself; this carries more information than peak systolic pressure and end diastolic pressure. As a first step in better analysis of the blood pressure curve, research workers in experimental hypertension defined in addition to peak systolic pressure and end diastolic, another blood pressure value, mean arterial pressure, i. e. the average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle, and about which pressure fluctuates. This is the pressure recorded by Hales [1] and by Poiseuille [2] in their pioneering studies. By application of Poiseuille's Law, this definition of mean arterial pressure led to the concept that increased mean arterial pressure (and therefore hypertension) was related, at any given value of cardiac output, to an increase in vascular resistance, i. e. to a reduc tion in the caliber of the small arteries.

The hemodynamic mechanisms of hypertension are often limited to the study of three dominant parameters: blood pressure, cardiac output and vascular resis tance. Accordingly, the development of hypertension is usually analyzed in terms of a 'struggle' between cardiac output and vascular resistance, resulting in the classical pattern of normal cardiac output and increased vascular resistance, thus indicating a reduction in the caliber of small arteries. However, during the past years, the clinical management of hypertension has largely modified these simple views. While an adequate control of blood pressure may be obtained with antihypertensive drugs, arterial complications may occur, involving mainly the coronary circulation and suggesting that several parts of the cardiovascular system are altered in hypertension. Indeed, disturbances in the arterial and the venous system had already been noticed in animal hypertension. The basic assumption in this book is that the overall cardiovascular system is involved in the mechanisms of the elevated blood pressure in patients with hypertension: not only the heart and small arteries, but also the large arteries and the venous system. For that reason, the following points are emphasized. First, the cardiovascular system in hypertension must be studied not only in terms of steady flow but also by taking into account the pulsatile components of the heart and the arterial systems. Second, arterial and venous compliances are altered in hypertension and probably reflect intrinsic alterations of the vascular wall."

On the occasion of the symposium on Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women (Monte Carlo, January 19-22, 1994), international scientists and clinicians discussed the various aspects of high blood pressure in older women. This volume presents an overview of this important aspect of both cardiology and gynecology. Special emphasis is given to the different approaches to antihypertension treatment.

The Police Emergency Unit concept for our Community has proven to be unique and highly practical. Highly skilled teams of college trained, physician- supervised Police Offi cers render emergency care for trauma and illness with remarkable expertise. The roving, constantly on duty concept has distinct merits. It does provide a low cost system to en sure the delivery of emergency medical care to a community with a minimum of confu sion and a maximum of efficiency. Special acknowledgement is noted herewith for Mrs. Candace Otte, R. N., Dr. Frede rick A. Doornbos, Dr. Ramon B. Lang, Dr. Lee R. Pool, Dr. John R. Wilson, and P. Rode rick Smithson, the E. M. T. County Coordinator. Emergency Unit Calls for Metropolitan Grand Rapids and Kent County Grand Rapids (2 Units E-1 and E-2) January 1973 thru December 1973 P. 1. Accidents 1237 Cardiac 410 Disregarded 76 Others 805 D. O. A. 's 114 Code K's 30 Total: 2672 Average Per Day 7. 3 Kent County (3 Units E-66, E-67, E-68) August 1973 thru April 1974 P. I. Accidents 553 Cardiac 202 Disregarded Others 241 Not Applicable D. O. A. 's l3 Code K's 3 Total: 1017 Average Per Day 4. 1 Wyoming (1 Unit E-50) February 18, 1974 thru May 8, 1974 P. I. Accidents 57 Cardiac 50 Disregarded Others 135 Not Applicable D. O. A. 's Code K's Total: 242 Average Per Day 3. 0 Kentwood (1 Unit E-35) P. I."

F.A. Bauhofer, Geneva In disaster situations, the particular concern of WHO is not so much to offer immediate relief and assistance for affected communities, but to have ready prepared plans for the provision of primary medical care as well as for resuscitation and casualty services. Disast ers are characterized by a need for rapid assistance and by the inability of affected communities to cope with the large scale mortality, morbidity, and damage to essential installations and homes. In some highly elaborate and centralized societies even small scale events may assume the proportion of a disaster, if they result in the serious break down of vital services. The Executive Board of the World Health Organization has defmed disasters or "emergencies," as situations where there are unforeseen, serious, and immediate threats to public health. Particularly severe disasters may be classified as catastrophes; such -occurrences, whether natural or man-made, disturb or overthrow the existing order. For planning purposes, it is important to distinguish between different types of catastrophes since they require special relief measures. In the past, medical assistance was primarily needed in epidemics of, for example, plague, cholera, and smallpox. Today, health authorities face emergency problems brought about by major accidents and outbreaks of chemical pollution and poisoning, which may have long-term effects. The role of health services may differ quite extenSively in different types of cata strophes, and an attempt must be made to draw up specific plans to deal with them."

Emergency care is improving throughout the world and thousands of lives are being saved each year. However, there are still too many patients who die before help reaches them in the form of advanced rescue and definitive emergency care techniques. In an effort to improve emergency care throughout the world, the International Committee of Emergency and Disaster Medicine meets bi annually. This meeting takes place in Mainz, Germany in September in order to discuss issues, exchange information, and establish re commendations designed to improve emergency care. The group is in dependent of political, national, racial, religious, or commercial influences and, in this sense, similar to the Club of Rome which attempts advances in sociology, biology and natural sciences. There fore, the organization could be called the "Club of Mainz" for the field of emergency and disaster medicine. The following book contains the proceedings of the International Symposiom on "Mobile Intensive Care Units and Advanced Emergency Care Units" at Mainz from September 24-27, 1973, and the discussions evoked by the first activities of the "Club of Mainz" and the inter nationally acknowledged "Recommendations." At this time we also announce the next meeting and International Symposium on Disaster Medicine, open to the public, organized by the "Club of Mainz" (October 1 - 2, 1977)."

The First European Congress of Anesthesiology in Vienna, Austria in September, 1962 presented 19 Symposium discussions, each lasting approximately 3 hours. Unlike most of these panels, the one on Resuscitation was a free discussion on controversial topics, without presentation of formal papers. In spite of the spontaneity of the unrehearsed questions and ans wers, the participants feit that an edited version of this Symposium should be published. The reasons for publication included the inter national character of the group of participants and the recent general interest in respiratory and circulatory resuscitation. A presentation of accepted resuscitation techniques was omitted, because of lack of time and because the Symposium was held pri marily for trained anesthesiologists, most of whom have first-hand experience with resuscitation and should be familiar with the accepted modern methods. Only controversial topics, which seemed to be of interest to those with personal experience in the application and the research of resuscitation, were included."

This book explains the numerical method for fatigue life analysis of adhesive joints using the CZM technique. CZM is a robust approach that is widely used for failure analysis of adhesive joints exposed to various stress conditions including fatigue. In this book, various aspects of the numerical evaluation of adhesive bonds using CZM are discussed. First of all, it is explained how different load and environmental parameters influence the service life of adhesive connections. Various types of CZM shapes and their applications are then discussed. It was answered how different parameters of a CZM should be defined. It is also discussed which CZM form should be used for each condition. The book then describes how the CZM parameters should be degraded to simulate the cyclic loading behavior of bonded structures. Various CZM strategies for the fatigue life assessment of adhesive joints are discussed. The book presents various techniques that can be followed for the simulation of load cycles for both high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue regimes based on the concepts of the CZM. Details of numerical methods to be considered in the FE software for the fatigue life assessment of adhesives with CZM are also described in this book. Finally, some numerical examples using CZM are also provided.

Since the late 19505, revolutionary devel in and the potential future of emergency opments of basic knowledge, techniques, resuscitation. This meeting was initiated by teaching, and practice of cardiopulmonary james Elam. james jude, owner of the Wolf Creek Lodge (Blairsville, Georgia 30512), acted resuscitation (CPR) have resulted in the saving of uncountable lives from conditions that as host. previously led to certain death. The 1950s The Program Committee invited primarily clinician-scientists from the United States, brought breakthroughs in respiratory resuscita tion, the 1960s, breakthroughs in cardiac solicited synopsis papers and predistributed resuscitation, and the 1970s have begun to the 37 papers selected to the participants. We were spared formal paper presentations and show breakthroughs in resuscitation of the thus could devote ourselves to two full days arrested brain. Mobilization of large-scale public involve of informal, stimulating, provocative discus ment in life-saving efforts is essential. But the sions. This led to cross-fertilization of ideas challenges and opportunities of implementing among individuals with different specialty backgrounds."

What you need to know for having a great time in your triathlon. - Expert opinions - Training plans - How to avoid injuries - Nutrition And much more

Das Schrifttum tiber die Elektrochirurgie am Auge ist besonders seit ihrer Anwendung fur die operative Behandlung der Netzhautabhebung im Jahre 1930 lawinenartig angeschwollen und kaum mehr voH zu tiber- sehen. Dazu kommen die Schwierigkeiten der Einsichtnahme in viele Arbeiten, die mir nur dem Referat nach zugiinglich sind, das teilweise Fehlen ausliindischer Literatur, wodurch die Zusammenstellung eines luckenlosen Literaturverzeichnisses nicht moglich war. Wenn daher manche Arbeiten nicht genannt sind, moge man dies entschuldigen und darin nicht eine bose Absicht sehen. Fur Hinweise und Verbesserungen im Literaturverzeichnis werde ich nur dankbar sein. Bei der Abfassung der Kapitel uber Glaukom und Netzhautabhebung hat mein Assistent Dr. H. VIT durch die Zusammenstellung und Sichtung der operierten Fiine mitgearbeitet, bei den Reinschriften und Korrekturen meine Frau Dr. VINZENZIA SAFAR mit Verstiindnis undFleiB mitgeholfen. Die farbigen Abbildungen und Zeichnungen sind zum Teil von Herrn Prof. W. DIETZ, zum Teil von meiner Laborantin Frau M. BEIER, die auch die meisten Photos angefertigt hat. Ganz besonders ersprieBlich war in der Behandlung der Augengeschwiil- ste die Zusammenarbeit mil dem Vorstand der Radiumstation im Kranken- haus Wien-Lainz, Herrn Dozent Dr. E. MAIER. Es war beabsichtigt, einen Beitrag von ihm meiner Arbeit anzuschlieBen. Leider ist er zu fruh an einem Tumor gestorben. Seinem Assistenten Herrn Dr. K. W ASSER- BURGER danke ich fUr die Zusammenstellung und Dberlassung der Be- strahlungsdaten. Dem Springer-Verlag \Vien danke ich sehr fur die Dbernahme meines Buches und seine groBzugige Ausstattung. Allen, die mir geholfen haben, danke ich herzlich. W i e n, im Fruhjahr 1953.