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Legumes Biofortification (1st ed. 2023)
Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Faheem Shehzad Baloch, Sajid Fiaz, Muhammad Aasim, Ephrem Habyarimana, …
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Sustainable food production is vital to ensure food and nutritional
security to growing human population. Recently, there has been a
shift in agricultural production system, crop production is not
only considering yield as primary interest to produce higher number
of calories for reducing hunger, but also more nutrient-rich food
to reduce malnutrition or “hidden hunger”. Micronutrient
malnutrition is a continuing and serious public health problem in
many countries, various Interventions to alleviate this problem
have been implemented. Biofortification, the process of breeding
nutrients into food crops, provides a comparatively cost effective,
sustainable, and long-term means of delivering more micronutrients.
Legumes have higher protein content than most plant foods
approximately twice than cereals and are rich in the key
micronutrients folate, niacin, thiamine, calcium, iron and
zinc. This book summarizes the biofortification of legumes.
Detailed information through contributed chapters shed light on
legumes research relevant to human health, with key topics that
include genomic and genetic resources for food security,
conventional and modern breeding approaches for improving
nutrition, agronomic traits and biotechnological interventions.
Global food security is increasingly challenging in light of
population increase, the impact of climate change on crop
production, and limited land available for agricultural expansion.
Plant breeding and other agricultural technologies have contributed
considerably for food and nutritional security over the last few
decades. Genetic engineering approaches are powerful tools that we
have at our disposal to overcome substantial obstacles in the way
of efficiency and productivity of current agricultural practices.
Genome engineering via CRISPR/Cas9, Cpf1, base editing and prime
editing, and OMICs through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics,
phenomics, an metabolomics have helped to discover
underlying mechanisms controlling traits of economic importance.
Principle and Practices of OMICs and
Genome Editing for Crop Improvement provides recent research from
eminent scholars from around the world, from various geographical
regions, with established expertise on genome editing and OMICs
technologies. This book offers a wide range of information on OMICs
techniques and their applications to develop biotic, abiotic and
climate resilient crops, metabolomics and next generation
sequencing for sustainable crop production, integration
bioinformatics, and multi-omics for precision plant breeding. Other
topics include application of genome editing technologies for food
and nutritional security, speed breeding, hybrid seed production,
resource use efficiency, epigenetic modifications, transgene free
breeding, database and bioinformatics for genome editing, and
regulations adopted by various countries around globe for genome
edited crops. Both OMICs and genome editing are vigorously utilized
by researchers for crop improvement programs; however, there is
limited literature available in a single source. This book provides
a valuable resource not only for students at undergraduate and
postgraduate level but also for researchers, stakeholders, policy
makers, and practitioners interested in the potential of genome
editing and OMICs for crop improvement programs.
Access to food with enough calories and nutrients is a fundamental
right of every human. The global population has exceeded 7.8
billion and is expected to pass 10 billion by 2055. Such rapid
population increase presents a great challenge for food supply.
More grain production is needed to provide basic calories for
humans. Thus, it is crucial to produce 60-110% more food to fill
the gap between food production and the demand of future
generations. Meanwhile food nutritional values are of increasing
interest to accommodate industrialized modern lives. The
instability of food production caused by global climate change
presents another great challenge. The global warming rate has
become more rapid in recent decades, with more frequent extreme
climate change including higher temperatures, drought, and floods.
Our world faces various unprecedented scenarios such as rising
temperatures, which causes melting glaciers and the resulting
various biotic and abiotic stresses, ultimately leading to food
scarcity. In these circumstances it is of utmost importance to
examine the genetic basis and extensive utilization of germplasm to
develop "climate resilient cultivars" through the application of
plant breeding and biotechnological tools. Future crops must adapt
to these new and unpredictable environments. Crop varieties
resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses are also needed as plant
disease, insects, drought, high- and low-temperature stresses are
expected to be impacted by climate change. Thus, we need a food
production system that can simultaneously satisfy societal demands
and long-term development. Since the Green Revolution in the 1960s,
farming has been heavily dependent on high input of nitrogen and
pesticides. This leads to environmental pollution which is not
sustainable in the long run. Therefore, a new breeding scheme is
urgently needed to enable sustainable agriculture; including new
strategies to develop varieties and crops that have high yield
potential, high yield stability, and superior grain quality and
nutrition while also using less consumption of water, fertilizer,
and chemicals in light of environmental protection. While we face
these challenges, we also have great opportunities, especially with
flourishing developments in omics technologies. High-quality
reference genomes are becoming available for a larger number of
species, with some species having more than one reference genome.
The genome-wide re-sequencing of diverse varieties enables the
identification of core- and pan-genomes. An integration of omics
data will enable a rapid and high-throughput identification of many
genes simultaneously for a relevant trait. This will change our
current research paradigm fundamentally from single gene analysis
to pathway or network analysis. This will also expand our
understanding of crop domestication and improvement. In addition,
with the knowledge gained from omics data, in combination with new
technologies like targeted gene editing, we can breed new varieties
and crops for sustainable agriculture.
Global food security is increasingly challenging in light of
population increase, the impact of climate change on crop
production, and limited land available for agricultural expansion.
Plant breeding and other agricultural technologies have contributed
considerably for food and nutritional security over the last few
decades. Genetic engineering approaches are powerful tools that we
have at our disposal to overcome substantial obstacles in the way
of efficiency and productivity of current agricultural practices.
Genome engineering via CRISPR/Cas9, Cpf1, base editing and prime
editing, and OMICs through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics,
phenomics, an metabolomics have helped to discover underlying
mechanisms controlling traits of economic importance. Principle and
Practices of OMICs and Genome Editing for Crop Improvement provides
recent research from eminent scholars from around the world, from
various geographical regions, with established expertise on genome
editing and OMICs technologies. This book offers a wide range of
information on OMICs techniques and their applications to develop
biotic, abiotic and climate resilient crops, metabolomics and next
generation sequencing for sustainable crop production, integration
bioinformatics, and multi-omics for precision plant breeding. Other
topics include application of genome editing technologies for food
and nutritional security, speed breeding, hybrid seed production,
resource use efficiency, epigenetic modifications, transgene free
breeding, database and bioinformatics for genome editing, and
regulations adopted by various countries around globe for genome
edited crops. Both OMICs and genome editing are vigorously utilized
by researchers for crop improvement programs; however, there is
limited literature available in a single source. This book provides
a valuable resource not only for students at undergraduate and
postgraduate level but also for researchers, stakeholders, policy
makers, and practitioners interested in the potential of genome
editing and OMICs for crop improvement programs.
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