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Books > Professional & Technical > Biochemical engineering > Biotechnology
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Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of the OMICs Revolution (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2023)
Loot Price: R5,825
Discovery Miles 58 250
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Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of the OMICs Revolution (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2023)
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Access to food with enough calories and nutrients is a fundamental
right of every human. The global population has exceeded 7.8
billion and is expected to pass 10 billion by 2055. Such rapid
population increase presents a great challenge for food supply.
More grain production is needed to provide basic calories for
humans. Thus, it is crucial to produce 60-110% more food to fill
the gap between food production and the demand of future
generations. Meanwhile food nutritional values are of increasing
interest to accommodate industrialized modern lives. The
instability of food production caused by global climate change
presents another great challenge. The global warming rate has
become more rapid in recent decades, with more frequent extreme
climate change including higher temperatures, drought, and floods.
Our world faces various unprecedented scenarios such as rising
temperatures, which causes melting glaciers and the resulting
various biotic and abiotic stresses, ultimately leading to food
scarcity. In these circumstances it is of utmost importance to
examine the genetic basis and extensive utilization of germplasm to
develop "climate resilient cultivars" through the application of
plant breeding and biotechnological tools. Future crops must adapt
to these new and unpredictable environments. Crop varieties
resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses are also needed as plant
disease, insects, drought, high- and low-temperature stresses are
expected to be impacted by climate change. Thus, we need a food
production system that can simultaneously satisfy societal demands
and long-term development. Since the Green Revolution in the 1960s,
farming has been heavily dependent on high input of nitrogen and
pesticides. This leads to environmental pollution which is not
sustainable in the long run. Therefore, a new breeding scheme is
urgently needed to enable sustainable agriculture; including new
strategies to develop varieties and crops that have high yield
potential, high yield stability, and superior grain quality and
nutrition while also using less consumption of water, fertilizer,
and chemicals in light of environmental protection. While we face
these challenges, we also have great opportunities, especially with
flourishing developments in omics technologies. High-quality
reference genomes are becoming available for a larger number of
species, with some species having more than one reference genome.
The genome-wide re-sequencing of diverse varieties enables the
identification of core- and pan-genomes. An integration of omics
data will enable a rapid and high-throughput identification of many
genes simultaneously for a relevant trait. This will change our
current research paradigm fundamentally from single gene analysis
to pathway or network analysis. This will also expand our
understanding of crop domestication and improvement. In addition,
with the knowledge gained from omics data, in combination with new
technologies like targeted gene editing, we can breed new varieties
and crops for sustainable agriculture.
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