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Liver cirrhosis is one of the most dangerous health problems which
result from various disorders that damage liver cells over time.
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the prophylactic effect of
L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or their combination against the
deteriorative effect induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on
rat's liver. Administration of CCl4 provides a suitable animal
model for free radical damage in liver such as fatty degeneration,
fibrosis, hepatocellular death and carcinogenicity. The study was
carried out on rats as follows: four normal groups (control,
treated with L-carnitine, treated with CoQ10, and treated with
combination of L-carnitine and CoQ10) and four cirrhotic groups
treated with CCl4 (control, treated with L-carnitine, treated with
CoQ10, and treated with combination of L-carnitine and CoQ10).
Effect of L-carnitine and CoQ10 as protective agents against liver
cirrhosis was determined by measuring hepatic content of reduced
glutathione, lipid peroxides, ascorbic acid, total protein and
lactate dehydrogenase. Also, serum activities of alanine
aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein,
albumin, sialic acid, nitrite and lactat
Schistosomiasis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality associated with parasitic infections in endemic areas,
affecting nearly 300 million people in 76 countries all over the
world. Adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni reside in the mesenteric
venous plexus of the bowel, from where the eggs are frequently
swept back to the liver via the portal blood to induce delayed
hypersensitivity response. The major pathology is granulomatous
inflammation, which is a cellular response to antigens secreted by
the internal membrane and miracidia of schistosome eggs.
Subsequently, the granulomas heal, resulting in a unique form of
periportal fibrosis followed by portal hypertension as the main
complication. In the few past years, the schistosomiasis control
initiative and endemic country programs treated millions of people
with praziquantel (PZQ), the single antischistosomiasis drug in
widespread use. There was already clinical and laboratory evidence
for the existence of PZQ resistance parasites, and widespread use
is expected to generate strong selective pressure for drug
resistance. Thus, the new trend nowadays is the use of natural
plant extracts as new safe and effective drugs.
CCl4 is a halogen aliphatic hydrocarbon derived from methane with
an aromatic sweet odor, and heavier than water in which it is
sparingly soluble. Its use is very much restricted on account of
the fact that its toxicity can manifest itself after simple
inhaling. CCl4 has been widely used as a dry-cleaning solvent and
in-fire-extinguishers because it is a non-flammable liquid. The
experimental model of CCl4 treatment in rats has been extensively
used to study liver fibrogensis. The bio-activation of CCl4 is
complex and implicated both reductive and oxidative pathways. CCl4
is widely used to treat animals as a liver injury model because
damage by CCl4 is regarded as the analogue of liver damage caused
by a variety of hepatotoxins in humans. Liver disease is a
worldwide problem; conventional drugs used in the treatment of
liver disease are sometimes inadequate and can have serious adverse
effects. It is; therefore, necessary to search for alternative
drugs for treatment of liver disease to replace currently used
drugs of doubtful efficacy and safety, so there is a worldwide
trend to go back to traditional medicinal plants in use for
treatment of liver ailments.
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