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This book is the result of research from over fifteen countries,
asking which background and environmental factors influence
achievement in mathematics and science. This research is based on
data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study
(TIMSS), which was conducted under the auspices of the
International Association for the Evaluation of Educational
Achievement (IEA) in 1995 and 1998. In many countries researchers
have started secondary analysis of the data in search for
relationships between contextual factors and achievement. In these
analyses two different approaches can be distinguished, which can
be characterised by the metaphors of 'fishing' and 'hunting'. In
the 'fishing' approach, researchers begin with an open mind,
considering all possible context variables as potentially
influential. Applying analysis techniques such as regression
analysis, Lisrel, PLS, HLM, and MLN, they then identify important
factors within their countries or across a number of countries. In
the 'hunting' approach, researchers hypothesise certain context
variables and trace the effect of these variables on mathematics
and/or science achievement.
This book reports valuable research from across the world that
addresses questions on what background and contextual factors are
related to achievement in mathematics and sciences. All studies
utilized data from the Third International Mathematics and Science
Study (TIMSS) conducted under the auspices of the International
Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in
1995, and repeated in 1998.
In many countries researchers have started secondary analysis of
the data in search for relationships between contextual factors and
achievement. In these analyses two different approaches can be
distinguished, which can be characterized by the metaphors of
'fishing' and 'hunting'. In the 'fishing' approach, researchers in
principle begin with an open mind, considering all possible context
variables as possible explanatory variables. Applying analysis
techniques like regression analysis, Lisrel, PLS, HLM, and MLn,
they try to identify which factors within their countries or across
a number ofcountries. In the 'hunting' approach, researchers have
reasons to choose certain context variables upfront and research
whether these variables account for part of the variance in the
mathematics and/or science achievement. Truly international in
scope the book includes contributions from over 15 countries around
the world including the USA, South Africa, The Netherlands, Germany
and Japan.
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